1、Designation: C 719 93 (Reapproved 2005)Standard Test Method forAdhesion and Cohesion of Elastomeric Joint SealantsUnder Cyclic Movement (Hockman Cycle)1, 2This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 719; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoptio
2、n or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Sc
3、ope1.1 This test method is an accelerated laboratory procedurefor evaluating the performance of a building sealant in a testconfiguration that is subjected to water immersion, cyclicmovement, and temperature change.31.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas the standard. The val
4、ues in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulato
5、ry limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:4C33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 109 Test Method for Compressive Strength of HydraulicCement Mortars (Using 2-in. or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C 150 Specification for Portland CementC 717 Terminology of Building Seals and Se
6、alants3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsFor definitions of terms used in this testmethod, refer to Terminology C 717.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method consists of subjecting standard jointspecimens to a series of treatments as follows: (a) immersionin water for seven days; (b) exposure in an
7、oven for seven dayswhile under compression; (c) automatic compression andextension cycling at room temperature at a specified rate andamount of joint movement; and (d) alternate compression andextension of the joint at high and low temperatures, respec-tively, under specified conditions described he
8、rein.4.2 The effects of the test shall be evaluated by visualinspection for cohesive and adhesive failures, sealant deforma-tion, and bubble formation within the sealant.4.3 This test method is applicable to any joint movement.The most common test movements are 612.5 and 625 % asused in the examples
9、.5. Significance and Use5.1 The failure of a building sealant in an active joint isusually manifested by cohesive failure in the sealant oradhesive failure between the sealant and the substrate, or both.The method described in this test method relates only to theperformance of the sealant when prope
10、rly installed withrecommended primers, and does not evaluate sealant failurescaused by improper joint design, excessive joint movement,improper application practices, and other factors known tocause sealant failure in buildings and building areas.6. Apparatus6.1 Compression-Extension Machine,5design
11、ed to auto-matically compress the joint width of the test specimen from12in. (12.7 mm) to the minimum dimension desired (Table 1,Column C) and extend the specimen from12 in. to themaximum extension desired (Table 1, Column E) at a constantrate of18 in./h (3.2 mm/h).The machine shall be equipped with
12、grips of sufficient strength to withstand, without bending, theresistance of high tensile strength sealants (see Figs. 1-3).1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C24 on BuildingSeals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.30 onAdhesion.Current editio
13、n approved Feb. 1, 2005. Published March 2005. Originallyapproved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as C 719 93(1998).2This test method is also known as the Hockman Cycle in recognition of ArthurHockman who originated the method at the National Bureau of Standards.3Supporting data are
14、available from ASTM International Headquarters. RequestRR: C24-1013.4For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM w
15、ebsite.5Series 520 Sealing Compound Tester, manufactured by Applied Test SystemsInc., 348 New Castle Rd., Butler, PA16001, and a durability tester manufactured byAmbard, Inc., 269-11 81st Ave., New Hyde Park, NY 11040, have been foundsuitable for this purpose (Fig. 1(a). For extension of the joint a
16、t cold temperature,the machine may be designed for extension only (Fig. 3).The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Applied Test Systems Inc. and Ambard Inc. If you are aware of alternativesuppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International Headqu
17、arters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee1, which you may attend.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.2 Cold Box or Chamber, maintained at 15 6 3F (26.16 1
18、.7C).6.3 Forced-Draft Oven, controlled at 158 6 3.6F (70 62C).6.4 C-clamps, or other device for maintaining the specimenunder compression.6.5 Spacer Blocks.6.6 Room or Chamber, maintained at standard conditions of73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C), 50 6 5 % relative humidity.7. Test Specimens7.1 The standard sub
19、strate used in the test shall be portlandcement mortar, float glass, and aluminum alloy.NOTE 1When requested, only one or two of the standard materialsmay be tested with the sample. Likewise other substrates such as brick,marble, wood, etc., may be specified by the purchaser in place of or inadditio
20、n to the standard substrate for test with the sealant sample.7.1.1 Mortar Block Prepare cement mortar blocks, each 3by 1 by 1 in. (75 by 25 by 25 mm) in size, using one part ofhigh early strength portland cement conforming to Type III ofSpecification C 150 to two parts by weight of clean uniformlygr
21、aded, concrete fine aggregate (sand) conforming to Specifi-cation C33. Use sufficient water to produce a flow of 1006 5%when tested in accordance with the procedure for the determi-nation of consistency of cement mortar described in TestMethod C 109. After curing one day in moist air and six daysin
22、saturated lime water at 73 6 3F (23 6 2C), prepare thesurface of one face, 1 by 3 in. (25 by 75 mm), of each block bywet grinding either with a belt sander using No. 60 aluminumcarbide sanding belt or using an iron lap with No. 60 siliconcarbide (or aluminum oxide) grain until the aggregate isunifor
23、mly exposed. Return blocks to saturated lime waterstorage until needed.7.1.1.1 Blocks may be prepared and shipped to other loca-tions for use. The blocks may be shipped dry and shall bereturned to lime water storage on arrival until needed.7.1.1.2 Prior to use, wet grind the previously ground face t
24、oremove any laitance, rinse thoroughly under running tap waterand dry the blocks overnight at 220 to 230F (105 to 110C).Clean the blocks of film or powder by vigorous brushing witha stiff-bristled fiber brush. Condition the blocks at standardconditions for not less than one day and not more than sev
25、endays.7.1.2 Float Glass Glass plates shall be 3 by 1 by14 in.(76.2 by 25.4 by 6.4 mm) clear float glass. Prior to use, theglass shall be cleaned by wiping the surface with methyl ethylketone or similar solvent. Then dip the surface in a detergentsolution. This should be a 0.04 % solution of an alco
26、hol ethoxysulfate.6An alternative would be a 0.1 % solution of a clearhand dishwashing detergent.7These solutions should be madeup in distilled or deionized water. Rinse the surface (withouttouching it) in distilled or deionized water and allow it to airdry. The float glass requires reinforcement to
27、 survive the rigorsof the subsequent testing procedures. This must be done priorto the compression-extension cycling performed in 9.4. Rein-forcement is provided by adhering 3 by 1 by14 in. (76.2 by25.4 by 6.4 mm) aluminum plates to the two outside surfacesof the formed test specimen. Any adhesive m
28、ay be used.Commercially available two part epoxies have been foundsuitable. Although the time of reinforcement is not critical,application of the aluminum plates to the glass before prepar-ing the test specimens has been found convenient.7.1.3 AluminumThe aluminum plates shall be 3 by 1 by14in. (76.
29、2 by 25.4 by 6.4 mm) aluminum alloy, 6063-T5, or6061-T6 with anodizing process AA-M10C22A31. Prior touse, the aluminum (and other metallic substrates, when speci-fied) shall be cleaned as specified for float glass (7.1.2) (Notes2 and 3).NOTE 2Methyl ethyl ketone and similar solvents are both toxic a
30、ndflammable and should be handled with caution in a well ventilated hood.NOTE 3At the request of the sealant producer, the detergent cleaningstep shall be omitted.7.2 PrimersWhere use of primer is recommended by thesealant manufacturer, substrate materials shall be primed withthe recommended primer
31、or primers.7.3 Preparation of Test Specimens:7.3.1 Standard conditions of temperature and relative hu-midity used throughout this test method are defined as 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 %, respectively.7.3.2 Multicomponent SealantsPrepare three test speci-mens for each substrate that is to be use
32、d in the test. Aftermaintaining the unopened sample for at least 24 h at standardconditions, mix thoroughly for 5 min at least 250 g of basecompound with the appropriate amount of curing agent. Applya bead of sealant12 by12 by 2 in. (12.7 by 12.7 by 50.8 mm)between parallel 1 by 3-in. (25.4 by 76.2
33、mm) faces of similarblocks or plates (Fig. 5(a),Fig. 5(b), and Fig. 5(c). Useappropriate spacer blocks to form the proper size of the bead.Apply polyethylene adhesive tape or any other suitable inertrelease agent to the inside surfaces of the spacers to preventadhesion of the spacers to the sealant
34、after cure. Use adhesivetape, rubber bands, or clamps to hold the test assembly togetherbefore and after filling it with the compound. In the case of apourable-type compound, use masking or any other suitabletape to retain the compound.7.3.3 Single-Component SealantsPrepare three testspecimens as de
35、scribed in 7.3.2 except that no mixing ofcomponents is required. Condition the sealed cartridge or bulkcontainer at standard conditions at least 24 h before use.6Neodol 25-35, a registered trademark of Shell Oil Co., One Shell Plaza,Houston, TX 77002, has been found suitable for this purpose.7Dawn,
36、a registered trademark of Proctor (b) seven days at 100 6 3.6F (37.8 6 2C) and95 % relative humidity; and (c) seven days at standard condi-tions (Note 4). Separate the spacer blocks from the sealant assoon as practical during the curing period without damagingthe sealant.NOTE 4The producer may reque
37、st conditions other than those speci-fied in 8.2 for the curing period of single-component sealants providedthey meet the following requirements: (1) The curing period shall extendfor 21 days; and (2) The temperature during the curing period shall notexceed 122F (50C).9. Procedure9.1 Immediately fol
38、lowing the curing period allow thespecimens to cool to standard temperature if higher tempera-ture cure conditions were used. Remove spacers and proceed asfollows:9.2 Immerse the specimens in distilled or deionized waterfor seven days.FIG. 1 Compression-Extension MachineFIG. 2 Compression-Extension
39、Machine with Control UnitC 719 93 (2005)3FIG. 3 Top View of Machine in Fig. 2 Showing Three Specimens Ready for Automatic CyclingFIG. 4 A Motor-Driven Machine That Can be Used for Extension of Specimens at 15F (26.11C)C 719 93 (2005)49.3 Following immersion, hand flex each specimen twice,about 60 to
40、 check the bond. If the bond is still firm, compressthe specimens to the minimum desired dimension such as givenunder Column C, Table 1 (Dimension C) for the class undertest. A c-clamp and spacer bars (Fig. 5(d) or other adequatedevice may be used for compression. Fig. 6 shows an apparatusthat has b
41、een suitable for the oven compression of thespecimens. It is comprised of two steel members (X and Z) andbolts (W) that hold and compress the test specimens. Themembers may be 3 in. high for convenience and sufficientlylong to accommodate multiple specimens. They should belined with felt, cork, or o
42、ther material to provide a cushionedsurface. Two long rods (Y) of square cross section (DimensionC) are used to control the compression of the specimens.Where substrates of uneven dimensions are used, individualspacers may be required. Place the compressed specimens inthe 158F (70C) oven for seven d
43、ays.9.4 After the oven treatment, remove the clamps and allowthe specimens to cool to standard temperature. Within 24 h ofremoval from the oven, place the specimens in thecompression-extension machine. Subject the specimens to tencycles of joint movement at standard conditions, as follows: (a)compre
44、ssion from the original12-in. (12.7 mm) width toDimension C, followed by (b) extension to Dimension E, and( c) compression again to12 in. The rate of compression andextension shall be18 in. (3.2 mm)/h.9.5 At the completion of ten cycles, extend the width of thejoint in the specimens by hand crank to
45、 Dimension E, insertspacer blocks, remove the specimens from the machine, andexamine them for bond or cohesive failure Fig. 5(e). Removeany specimens showing complete adhesive or cohesive sepa-ration at this stage.Test specimens:(a) Prepared specimen before placement of sealant, (b) Sealant with spa
46、cers removed, (c) Sealant between mortar blocks, (d) Sealant in the compressed state duringheat treatment, (e) Sealant in the extended state.FIG. 5 Test Specimen for Class 25 and Class 12.5 SealantsNOTE 1Use longer screw for concrete substrate.FIG. 6 Oven Compression ApparatusC 719 93 (2005)59.6 Com
47、press the width of the joint in the remainingspecimens to Dimension C with a c-clamp and spacers or othersuitable device and, while compressed, place them in the ovenfor 16 to 20 h at 158 6 3.6F (70 6 2C).9.7 Remove the specimens from the oven. Allow them tocool for 2 to 3 h with the clamps and spac
48、ers removed toachieve standard temperature. Place them in the extensionmachine within the cold box or chamber maintained at 15 63F (26.1 6 1.7C).With the specimen grips set at DimensionC wide and regardless of the amount of recovery of the sealantafter compression, extend the joint width of the spec
49、imens toDimension E at the rate of18 in. (3.18 mm)/h, while they arebeing cooled down to 15 6 3F (26.1 6 1.7C). Oncompletion of the extension, insert blocks, remove the speci-mens, and allow them to warm for 2 h with blocks in place toachieve standard temperature. Examine the specimens foradhesive or cohesive failure and deformation.9.8 Repeat the compression-extension cycles described in9.6 and 9.7 for a total of ten cycles. If complete adhesive orcohesive failure occurs before the tenth cycle, the test isconside
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