1、Designation: C852/C852M 16Standard Guide forDesign Criteria for Plutonium Gloveboxes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C852/C852M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines criteria for the design of gloveboxsystems to be used for the handling of plutonium in anychemical or physical form or is
3、otopic composition or whenmixed with other elements or compounds. Not included in thecriteria are systems auxiliary to the glovebox systems such asutilities, ventilation, alarm, and waste disposal. Also notaddressed are hot cells or open-face hoods. The scope of thisguide excludes specific license r
4、equirements relating to provi-sions for criticality prevention, hazards control, safeguards,packaging, and material handling. Observance of this guidedoes not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to allfederal, state, and local regulations for design and constructionof glovebox systems.1.2
5、UnitsThe values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon-formance wi
6、th the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establilsh appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to us
7、e.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A193/A193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting for High Temperature or High PressureService and Other Special Purpose ApplicationsA240/A240M Specification for Chromium and Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Strip for Pr
8、essureVessels and for General ApplicationsA269/A269M Specification for Seamless and Welded Aus-tenitic Stainless Steel Tubing for General ServiceA312/A312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, andHeavily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesA376/A376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic Stee
9、lPipe for High-Temperature ServiceA480/A480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA999/A999M Specification for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeA1016/A1016M Specification for General Requirements forFerrit
10、ic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and StainlessSteel TubesF837 Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head CapScrews2.2 Other Standards, Codes, and GuidelinesANSI N13.1 Guide to Sampling Airborne Radioactive Ma-terials in Nuclear Facilities3ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements forN
11、uclear Facility Applications3ANSI/ASME AG-1 Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treat-ment3NFPA-70 National Electrical Code4NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code4NFPA 801 Standard for Fire Protection for Facilities Han-dling Radioactive MaterialsDOE-HDBK-1081-94 DOE Handbook on Primer of Spon-taneous Heating and
12、 Pyrophoricity510 CFR 20 Standards for Protection Against Radiation610 CFR 50 Domestic Licensing of Production and Utiliza-tion Facilities640 CFR 260279 Solid Waste RegulationsResource Con-servation and Recovery Act (RCRA)610 CFR 830 Subpart A Quality Assurance Requirements61This guide is under the
13、jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C852 09. DOI:10.1520/C0852_C0852M-16
14、.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
15、, 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.5Available to the public from the U.S. Department of Commerce, TechnologyAdministration, National Technical In
16、formation Service, Springfield, VA 22161.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-29
17、59. United States1AGS-G001-2007 Guideline for Gloveboxes, Third Edition7AGS-G004-2014 Standard of Practice for Leak Test Meth-odologies for Gloveboxes and Enclosures7AGS-G005-2014 Standard of Practice for the Specificationof Gloves for Gloveboxes7AGS-G006-2005 Standard of Practice for the Design and
18、Fabrication of Nuclear-Application Gloveboxes7AGS-G010-2011 Standard of Practice for the Glovebox FireProtection7AGS-G013-2011 Guideline for Glovebox Ergonomics73. Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish criteria for thedesign of gloveboxes as primary confinement systems to
19、ensure the safety of the workers and the protection of theenvironment when storing, handling, processing, and disposingof both combustible and non-combustible forms of plutonium.The use of this guide will provide the user with guidance todesign a successfully performing glovebox system.4. Quality As
20、surance4.1 A quality assurance program should be established forthe design, fabrication, construction, acceptance testing, andoperation, including modifications, repairs, replacement andmaintenance of structures, systems, and components importantto safety. Quality assurance requirements should be sp
21、ecified inthe purchase order or contract (see 10 CFR 50 Appendix B, 10CFR 830 Subpart A, and ANSI/ASME NQA-1).5. Design Considerations5.1 Design considerations should include engineered safetyfeatures and redundant plant services to achieve confinementreliability. Reliability should be considered in
22、 the light of therisk associated with postulated accidents (for example, acci-dents resulting from pyrophoric behavior of metallicplutonium), the probability of occurrence of the accidents, andthe severity of their consequences, as well as in the light ofnormal processing requirements. The design fo
23、r the gloveboxsystem should consider all of the following subjects:5.1.1 Fire,5.1.2 Explosions,5.1.3 Seismic events,5.1.4 Installation and removal from service,5.1.5 Automated equipment,5.1.6 Glovebox process operations,5.1.7 Criticality,5.1.8 Confinement system leaks,5.1.9 Power failure,5.1.10 Serv
24、ice water failure,5.1.11 Other services failure,5.1.12 Glovebox pressurization,5.1.13 Glovebox evacuation,5.1.14 Health physics,5.1.15 Need for glovebox isolation or compartmentalizationor both, and5.1.16 Maintenance.6. Glovebox System Design Features6.1 The glovebox system is defined as a series of
25、 physicalbarriers provided with glove ports and gloves, through whichprocess and maintenance operations may be performed, to-gether with an operating ventilation system. The gloveboxsystem should minimize the potential for release of radioactivematerial to the environment under normal and abnormalco
26、nditions, protect the operators from contamination undernormal operating conditions, and mitigate the consequences ofabnormal conditions to the maximum extent practical. Wherefeasible and practical, the glovebox should incorporate passivesafety controls rather than active safety controls. In the eve
27、ntthat the glovebox is used to process and handle metallicplutonium, it should provide a dry inert atmosphere such asnitrogen or argon to prevent combustion or pyrophoric behav-ior of the plutonium. Compartmentalization within and be-tween gloveboxes should be considered and installed asnecessary to
28、 mitigate the potential seriousness of accidentsinvolving fire, explosion, or criticality. The glovebox systemdesign should consider interconnecting tunnels, conveyors, andpassageways for transferring materials between adjacent glove-boxes. Provision for containment should be provided.6.2 Confinemen
29、t:6.2.1 The glovebox shall be designed to operate at 50 to 500Pa 0.2 to 2.0 in. H2O gauge pressure negative to the room inwhich it is located. The glovebox and its accessory equipmentshould be designed to prevent liquid flooding or subjection ofthe box to excessive vacuum or pressure. Control device
30、s, suchas oil filtered U-tubes to relieve pressure, shall be positive-acting or automatic, or both. See USAEC Report TID 24236.8Passive features such as inlet filters, restricted orifices or bothshall be considered and sized appropriately.6.2.2 The glovebox, when assembled and blanked off(evacuated
31、to a given negative pressure and sealed off fromfurther evacuation source), should pass a leak-rate not toexceed 0.3 volume % air/h when tested at an initial pressuredifferential of one kPa 4 in. H2O gauge for 1 h. Penetrationsin the glovebox (such as conduits, ports, ducts, pipes, andwindows) shall
32、 be constructed to prevent the release ofradioactive material under normal operating conditions. Fur-ther test requirements for gloveboxes are defined in AGS-G001-2007 and AGS-G004-2014.6.2.3 The design of gloveboxes should include means tocontrol and minimize the release of radioactive materials to
33、 theplant system during normal plant operation and under apostulated design basis accident.6.3 Glovebox ConstructionGloveboxes should be con-structed using appropriate materials and workmanship toensure confinement and to minimize leakage. The gloveboxand support structure should be designed for the
34、 heaviestanticipated loading in the glovebox, including such loading7Available from the American Glovebox Society, P.O. Box 9099, Santa Rosa,CA, 95405, http:/www.gloveboxsociety.org.8“Glovebox Window Materials: a Glovebox Fire Safety Application,” TID-24896, United States Atomic Energy Commission, F
35、actory Mutual ResearchCorporation, 1969, http:/www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/4822006-KYw7jb/.C852/C852M 162factors as pressure differentials, appurtenances, windows, in-ternal equipment, and seismic loading. Combustible materialsshould be held to a minimum. See AGS-G001-2007 andAGS-G006
36、-2005.6.3.1 MaterialsGloveboxes should be constructed of ma-terials that will be compatible with intended use for structuralstrength, corrosion resistance, resistance to radiationdegradation, and radiation shielding. Gloveboxes should bestructurally proof tested at pressures of either 1245 Pa +5 in.
37、H2O gauge or 1.25 times the relief device setting, whicheveris greater. The containment structure should be constructedfrom a minimum of 3.18-mm 0.125 in. thick 304L or 316Lseries stainless steel per Specifications A240/A240M andA480/A480M. The interior should be smooth and free ofcrevices and sharp
38、 objects. Internal radii should be compatiblewith decontamination and radiation monitoring in accordancewith AGS standards. Strippable surface coatings may beapplied to the interior of the glovebox to facilitate cleaning ordecontamination. Surface coatings on the interior of the glove-box may be req
39、uired for protection when certain acids(hydrochloric, sulphuric, or hydrofluoric) or other corrosivematerials are present in the glovebox. Any coatings applied tothe interior of the glovebox must be considered as part of thecombustible material loads for that glovebox. Glovebox fabri-cation toleranc
40、es should be specified. See USAEC ReportTID-24236,8USAEC Report TID-16020,9and AGS-G001-2007 for options.6.3.2 WindowsWindows should be conveniently locatedfor the worker, and should be constructed of noncombustible orfire-resistant materials that are resistant to mechanical shockand radiation. Glov
41、eboxes intended for the processing andhandling of metallic plutonium or uranium should avoid usingwindows made of plastic or other combustible materials.Laminated glass or a combination of laminated glass andpolycarbonate is the preferred construction. The windows shallbe securely fastened and shoul
42、d be gasketed or sealed withmaterial that will resist deterioration by chemical attack andradiation degradation, and permit replacement with minimumrisk of contamination to the facility. See USAEC ReportTID-2489610and AGS-G001-2007 for types of material. Win-dow gaskets shall be protected from a fir
43、e on both the interiorand exterior of the glovebox. An example of a clampedwindow assembly that minimizes the gasket area exposed topotential fires can be found in AGS-G001-2007.6.3.3 Glove PortsGlove ports should be designed to allowreplacement of gloves without compromising the gloveboxatmosphere
44、or contamination control. Ports should be locatedto facilitate both operating and maintenance work, and takeinto account the need for two-handed operation, depth of reach,operator comfort from an ergonomic perspective, and position-ing with respect to other ports. A detailed dimensional analysisof t
45、he operations would assist in eliminating blind spots orinaccessible areas. If glove ports are not used routinely, theyshall have glove port plugs and non-combustible glove portcovers installed. The plugs should be considered in the designfor each glovebox. See AGS-G010-2011.6.3.4 GlovesGloves shoul
46、d be chosen on the basis ofresistance to possible corrosive atmospheres in the glovebox;resistance to radiation degradation, tearing, and puncturing;and their capability to provide some radiation shielding to thehands. Consideration should be given to high or low tempera-ture sources within the glov
47、ebox and their proximity to thegloves. Pinch points and sharp corners should be avoided to thegreatest extent possible consistent with ergonomic consider-ations. Gloves should also be selected on the basis of main-taining maximum dexterity of hand movement. See AGS-G005-2014.6.4 Equipment Insertion-
48、RemovalBagout ports, sphincterseals, transfer systems, and air locks should be designed andinstalled to facilitate the introduction or removal of neededequipment without compromising the glovebox atmosphere orcontamination controls.6.5 Lighting1076-lx 100 foot candles lighting should beprovided on a
49、ll surfaces for close work, and 538-lx 50-fclighting should be provided for general illumination within theglovebox as viewed from the operators location. The lightingshould be adjusted to compensate for the transmission throughthe window, glare, reflection, heat, and light intensity prior togoing operational. To the maximum extent practical, lightingfixtures should be mounted on the glovebox exterior tofacilitate repair and replacement and to avoid the possibility ofbroken glass within the glovebox. Consideration should begiven to lighting systems that m
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