1、Designation: C 852 09Standard Guide forDesign Criteria for Plutonium Gloveboxes1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 852; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in paren
2、theses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This guide defines criteria for the design of gloveboxsystems to be used for the handling of plutonium in anychemical or physical form or isotopic com
3、position or whenmixed with other elements or compounds. Not included in thecriteria are systems auxiliary to the glovebox systems such asutilities, ventilation, alarm, and waste disposal. Also notaddressed are hot cells or open-face hoods. The scope of thisguide excludes specific license requirement
4、s relating to provi-sions for criticality prevention, hazards control, safeguards,packaging, and material handling. Observance of this guidedoes not relieve the user of the obligation to conform to allfederal, state, and local regulations for design and constructionof glovebox systems.1.2 The values
5、 stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establilsh appro-priate saf
6、ety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2A 193/A 193M Specification for Alloy-Steel and StainlessSteel Bolting Materials for High Temperature or HighPressure Service and Other Special Purpose Applicati
7、onsA 240/A 240M Specification for Chromium andChromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, and Stripfor Pressure Vessels and for General ApplicationsA 269 Specification for Seamless and Welded AusteniticStainless Steel Tubing for General ServiceA 312/A 312M Specification for Seamless, Welded, andHe
8、avily Cold Worked Austenitic Stainless Steel PipesA 376/A 376M Specification for Seamless Austenitic SteelPipe for High-Temperature Central-Station ServiceA 480/A 480M Specification for General Requirements forFlat-Rolled Stainless and Heat-Resisting Steel Plate,Sheet, and StripA 999/A 999M Specific
9、ation for General Requirements forAlloy and Stainless Steel PipeA 1016/A 1016M Specification for General Requirementsfor Ferritic Alloy Steel, Austenitic Alloy Steel, and Stain-less Steel TubesC 859 Terminology Relating to Nuclear MaterialsC 1454 Guide for Pyrophoricity/Combustibility Testing inSupp
10、ort of Pyrophoricity Analyses of Metallic UraniumSpent Nuclear FuelF 837 Specification for Stainless Steel Socket Head CapScrews2.2 Other StandardsANSI N13.1 Guide to Sampling Airborne Radioactive Ma-terials in Nuclear Facilities3ANSI/ASME NQA-1 Quality Assurance Requirements forNuclear Facility App
11、lications3ANSI/ASME AG-1 Code on Nuclear Air and Gas Treat-ment3NFPA-70 National Electrical Code4NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm Code4DOE-HDBK-1081-94 DOE Handbook on Primer of Spon-taneous Heating and Pyrophoricity510 CFR 20 Standards for Protection Against Radiation610 CFR 50 Domestic Licensing of Pro
12、duction and Utiliza-tion Facilities640 CFR 260279 Solid Waste RegulationsResource Con-servation and Recovery Act (RCRA)610 CFR 830 Subpart A Quality Assurance Requirements6AGS-G001-2007 Guideline for Gloveboxes71This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C26 on Nuclear FuelCycle and is t
13、he direct responsibility of Subcommittee C26.14 on Remote Systems.Current edition approved June 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as C 852 93 (1997) which waswithdrawn January 2006 and reinstated in June 2009.2For referenced ASTM standar
14、ds, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, N
15、ew York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 BatterymarchPark, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http:/www.nfpa.org.5Available to the public from the U.S. Department of Commerce, TechnologyAdministration, National Technical Information Service, Springfiel
16、d, VA 22161.6Available from U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N. Capitol St., NW, Mail Stop: SDE, Washington, DC 20401, http:/www.access.gpo.gov.7Available from the American Glovebox Society, P.O. Box 9099, Santa Rosa,CA, 95405, http:/www.gloveboxsociety.org.1Copyright
17、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.AGS-G006-2005 Standard of Practice for the Design andFabrication of Nuclear-Application Gloveboxes7AGS-G005-2003 Standard of Practice for the Specificationof Gloves for Gloveboxes73. Significance
18、and Use3.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish criteria for thedesign of gloveboxes as primary confinement systems toensure the safety of the workers and the protection of theenvironment when storing, handling, processing, and disposingof both combustible and non-combustible forms of plutonium
19、.The use of this standard will provide the user with guidance todesign a successfully performing glovebox system.4. Quality Assurance4.1 A quality assurance program should be established forthe design, fabrication, construction, acceptance testing, andoperation, including modifications, repairs, rep
20、lacement andmaintenance of structures, systems, and components importantto safety. Quality assurance requirements should be specified inthe purchase order or contract (see 10 CFR 50 Appendix B, 10CFR 830 Subpart A, and ANSI/ASME NQA-1).5. Design Considerations5.1 Design considerations should include
21、 engineered safetyfeatures and redundant plant services to achieve confinementreliability. Reliability should be considered in the light of therisk associated with postulated accidents (for example, acci-dents resulting from pyrophoric behavior of metallic pluto-nium), the probability of occurrence
22、of the accidents, and theseverity of their consequences, as well as in the light of normalprocessing requirements. See Guide C 1454. The design for theglovebox system should consider all of the following subjects:5.1.1 Fire,5.1.2 Explosions,5.1.3 Seismic events,5.1.4 Installation and removal from se
23、rvice,5.1.5 Automated equipment,5.1.6 Glovebox process operations,5.1.7 Criticality,5.1.8 Confinement system leaks,5.1.9 Power failure,5.1.10 Service water failure,5.1.11 Other services failure,5.1.12 Glovebox pressurization,5.1.13 Glovebox evacuation,5.1.14 Health physics, and5.1.15 Need for gloveb
24、ox isolation or compartmentaliza-tion, or both.6. Glovebox System Design Features6.1 The glovebox system is defined as a series of physicalbarriers provided with glove ports and gloves, through whichprocess and maintenance operations may be performed, to-gether with an operating ventilation system.
25、The gloveboxsystem should minimize the potential for release of radioactivematerial to the environment under normal and abnormalconditions, protect the operators from contamination undernormal operating conditions, and mitigate the consequences ofabnormal conditions to the maximum extent practical.
26、Wherefeasible and practical, the glovebox should incorporate passivesafety controls rather than active safety controls. In the eventthat the glovebox is used to process and handle metallicplutonium, it should provide a dry inert atmosphere such asnitrogen or argon to prevent combustion or pyrophoric
27、 behav-ior of the plutonium Guide C 1454. Compartmentalizationwithin and between gloveboxes should be considered andinstalled as necessary to mitigate the potential seriousness ofaccidents involving fire, explosion, or criticality. The gloveboxsystem design should consider interconnecting tunnels, c
28、on-veyors, and passageways for transferring materials betweenadjacent gloveboxes. Provision for containment should beprovided.6.2 Confinement:6.2.1 The glovebox should be designed to operate at 125 to250 Pa (0.5 to 1.0 in. H2O gauge) pressure negative to the roomin which it is located. The glovebox
29、and its accessory equip-ment should be designed to prevent liquid flooding or subjec-tion of the box to excessive vacuum or pressure. Controldevices, such as oil filtered U-tubes to relieve pressure, shall bepositive-acting or automatic, or both. See USAEC Report TID24236.86.2.2 The glovebox, when a
30、ssembled and blanked off(evacuated to a given negative pressure and sealed off fromfurther evacuation source), should pass a leak-rate not toexceed 0.3 volume % air/h when tested at an initial pressuredifferential of one kPa (4 in. H2O gauge) for four hours.Penetrations in the glovebox (such as cond
31、uits, ports, ducts,pipes, and windows) shall be constructed to prevent the releaseof radioactive material under normal operating conditions. SeeAGS-G001-2007.6.2.3 The design of gloveboxes should include means tocontrol and minimize the release of radioactive materials to theplant system during norm
32、al plant operation and under apostulated design basis accident.6.3 Glovebox ConstructionGloveboxes should be con-structed using appropriate materials and workmanship toensure confinement and to minimize leakage. The gloveboxand support structure should be designed for the heaviestanticipated loading
33、 in the glovebox. Combustible materialsshould be held to a minimum. See AGS-G001-2007 andAGS-G006-2005.6.3.1 MaterialsGloveboxes should be constructed of ma-terials that will be compatible with intended use for structuralstrength, corrosion resistance, resistance to radiation degrada-tion, and radia
34、tion shielding. Gloveboxes should be tested tothe highest expected abnormal conditions. The containmentstructure should be constructed from a minimum of 3-mm(0.120 in.) thick 304L or 316L series stainless steel perSpecifications A 240/A 240M and A 480/A 480M. The interiorshould be smooth and free of
35、 crevices and sharp objects.Internal radii should be compatible with decontamination and8“Glovebox Window Materials: a Glovebox Fire Safety Application,” TID-24896, United States Atomic Energy Commission, Factory Mutual ResearchCorporation, 1969, http:/www.osti.gov/energycitations/servlets/purl/4822
36、006-KYw7jb/.C852092radiation monitoring in accordance with AGS standards. Strip-pable surface coatings may be applied to the interior of theglovebox to facilitate cleaning or decontamination. Surfacecoatings on the interior of the glovebox may be required forprotection when certain acids (hydrochlor
37、ic, sulphuric, orhydrofluoric) or other corrosive materials are present in theglovebox. Any coatings applied to the interior of the gloveboxmust be considered as part of the combustible material loadsfor that glovebox. Glovebox fabrication tolerances should bespecified. See USAEC Report TID-24236,8U
38、SAEC ReportTID-16020,9and AGS-G001-2007 for options.6.3.2 WindowsWindows should be conveniently locatedfor the worker, and should be constructed of noncombustible orfire-resistant materials that are resistant to mechanical shockand radiation. Gloveboxes intended for the processing andhandling of met
39、allic plutonium or uranium should avoid usingwindows made of plastic or other combustible materials.Laminated glass or a combination of laminated glass andpolycarbonate is the preferred construction. The windows shallbe securely fastened and should be gasketed or sealed withmaterial that will resist
40、 deterioration by chemical attack andradiation degradation, and permit replacement with minimumrisk of contamination to the facility. See USAEC ReportTID-2489610and AGS-G001-2007 for types of material.6.3.3 Glove PortsGlove ports should be designed to allowreplacement of gloves without compromising
41、the gloveboxatmosphere or contamination control. Ports should be locatedto facilitate both operating and maintenance work, and takeinto account the need for two-handed operation, depth of reach,operator comfort from an ergonomic perspective, and position-ing with respect to other ports. A detailed d
42、imensional analysisof the operations would assist in eliminating blind spots orinaccessible areas.6.3.4 GlovesGloves should be chosen on the basis ofresistance to possible corrosive atmospheres in the glovebox;resistance to radiation degradation, tearing, and puncturing;and their capability to provi
43、de some radiation shielding to thehands. Consideration should be given to high or low tempera-ture sources within the glovebox and their proximity to thegloves. Pinch points and sharp corners should be avoided to thegreatest extent possible consistent with ergonomic consider-ations. Gloves should al
44、so be selected on the basis of main-taining maximum dexterity of hand movement. See AGS-G005-2003.6.4 Equipment Insertion-RemovalBagout ports, sphincterseals, and air locks should be designed and installed tofacilitate the introduction or removal of needed equipmentwithout compromising the glovebox
45、atmosphere or contami-nation controls.6.5 Lighting1076-lx (100 foot candles) lighting should beprovided on all surfaces for close work, and 538-lx (50-fc)lighting should be provided for general illumination within theglovebox. The lighting should be adjusted to compensate forglare, reflection, heat,
46、 and light intensity prior to goingoperational. To the maximum extent practical, lighting fixturesshould be mounted on the glovebox exterior to facilitate repairand replacement and to avoid the possibility of broken glasswithin the glovebox. Consideration should be given to lightingsystems that mini
47、mize power consumption, minimize heatgeneration, and provide maximum flexibility for maintenanceand control, such as LED (light emitting diode) type systems.See AGS-G001-2007.6.6 Ventilation:6.6.1 The ventilation system should be designed so that itscapacity is sufficient to provide and maintain the
48、 designnegative pressure during normal operation and the design flowthrough a breach during abnormal conditions.6.6.2 Where the source of combustible solvents, gases, orvapors can be identified or postulated, explosive conditionsshall be precluded and suitable monitoring and alarm systemsshould be i
49、nstalled for control. Electrical systems shall becompatible with potentially flammable atmospheres per theappropriate codes. See NFPA-70.6.6.3 When handling plutonium as an oxide or other basi-cally non-combustible chemical form there shall be exhaustcapacity on demand that will promptly cause an inflow of air ofat least 38 linear m/min (125 linear ft/min) through a potentialbreach of a single glovebox penetration. See AGS-G001-2007.6.6.4 If desired, a portion of the atmosphere may berecirculated within each glovebox, thus lessening the load onheating, cooling, and mois
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