1、Designation: C87/C87M 10C87/C87M 17Standard Test Method forEffect of Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregate on Strengthof Mortar1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C87/C87M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revi
2、sion, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effect on mortar strength of the organic impuritie
3、s in fine aggregate, whosepresence is indicated using Test Method C40C40/C40M. Comparison is made between compressive strengths of mortar made withwashed and unwashed fine aggregate.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values sta
4、ted in eachsystem may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalentsare not used in the practice.NOTE 1S
5、ieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for informationonly and does not represent a different standard sieve size1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with it
6、s use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitous mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to exposedskin and tissue upon
7、 prolonged exposure.)21.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Te
8、chnical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C33C33/C33M Specification for Concrete AggregatesC40C40/C40M Test Method for Organic Impurities in Fine Aggregates for ConcreteC109/C109M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Hydraulic Cement Mortars (Using 2-in.
9、 or 50-mm Cube Specimens)C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC128 Test Method for Relative Density (Specific Gravity) and Absorption of Fine AggregateC136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse AggregatesC150C150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC230/C
10、230M Specification for Flow Table for Use in Tests of Hydraulic CementC305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement Pastes and Mortars of Plastic ConsistencyC511 Specification for Mixing Rooms, Moist Cabinets, Moist Rooms, and Water Storage Tanks Used in the Testing of HydraulicCements and
11、 ConcretesC670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction MaterialsC702C702/C702M Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Testing SizeD75D75/D75M Practice for Sampling AggregatesD3665 Practice for Random Sampling of Construction MaterialsE11 Specific
12、ation for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.20 onNormal Weight Aggregates.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010May 1, 2017. Published
13、January 2011July 2017. Originally approved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 20052010 asC87C87/C87M05.10. DOI: 10.1520/C0087_C0087M-10.10.1520/C0087_C0087M-17.2 See section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3 For refere
14、ncedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the
15、 user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standar
16、d as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of te
17、rms used in this test method, refer to Terminology C125.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A portion of the fine aggregate that produced a color darker than the standard in Test Method C40C40/C40M is used toprepare mortar cube specimens. A separate portion of the same fine aggregate is washed in sodium hy
18、droxide solution to removethe organic impurities that caused the failing result when tested in accordance with Test Method C40C40/C40M, and that washedfine aggregate is used to prepare another set of mortar cube specimens.4.2 After curing for a stated period, the compressive strengths of the two set
19、s of cube specimens are determined and compared.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is of significance in making a final determination of the acceptability of fine aggregates with respect to therequirements of Specification C33C33/C33M concerning organic impurities.5.2 This test method is ap
20、plicable to those samples which, when tested in accordance with Test Method C40C40/C40M, haveproduced a supernatant liquid with a color darker than standard color plate No. 3 or color solution.5.3 Many specifications provide for the acceptance of fine aggregate producing a darker color in the Test M
21、ethodC40C40/C40M test, whenif testing by this test method indicates the strength of the mortar cubes prepared with the unwashed fineaggregate is comparable to the strength of mortar cubes made with the washed fine aggregate.6. Apparatus6.1 Flow Table, Flow Mold, and Caliper, as described in Specific
22、ation C230/C230M.6.2 Tamper, Trowel, Cube Molds, and Testing Machine, as described in Test Method C109/C109M.6.3 Mixer, Bowl, and Paddle, as described in Practice C305.6.4 Curing Apparatus, as described in Specification C511.6.5 pH Paper, 014.6.6 pH Meter, capable of reading to 0.1 pH units or bette
23、r.7. Reagents and Materials7.1 Portland cement shall be Type I or Type II, meeting the requirements of Specification C150C150/C150M.7.2 Sodium Hydroxide Solution (3 %) Dissolve 3 parts by mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in 97 parts water.7.3 PhenolphthaleinDissolve 1 g of reagent grade phenolphthale
24、in in 1 L of 95 % reagent grade ethyl alcohol.8. Sampling and Sample Preparation8.1 If sufficient material remains from the sample used for testing in accordance with Test Method C40C40/C40M, use thismaterial for the tests described in this test method. If there is insufficient material remaining, o
25、btain another field sample from thesame source in accordance with Practice D75D75/D75M and Practice D3665.NOTE 2At least 20 kg of fine aggregate should be available for the testing described herein.8.2 If the fine aggregate contains particles coarser than the 4.75-mm (No.4) sieve, remove the coarser
26、 particles by sieving onthe 4.75-mm (No.4) sieve, so that when the particles are mixed in the designated mixer, there will be no damage to the mixer orcrushing of the fine aggregate particles. Determine the percentage of the sample removed. (WarningThe clearances between thepaddle and the bowl speci
27、fied in Practice C305 are suitable when using the mortar made with graded standard sand. To permit themixer to operate freely and to avoid serious damage to the paddle and bowl when coarser aggregates are used, it may be necessaryto set the clearance adjustment bracket to provide greater clearances
28、than specified. clearances. A clearance of approximately 4.0mm is required in Practice C305; a clearance of approximately 5.05 mm 316 in. has been found to be satisfactory for this methodwhen used with fine aggregate from which the material retained on the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve has been removed.)8.3
29、 Split the fine aggregate to be used for these tests into two approximately equal portions, using the procedure described inPractice C702C702/C702M. Set one portion aside to be used in the unwashed condition. The second portion is to be washed beforeuse.8.4 Preparing Washed Fine Aggregate:8.4.1 Perf
30、orm the washing and rinsing of the fine aggregate with care to minimize the loss of fines, so that the aggregate afterwashing and rinsing has a fineness modulus within 0.10 of that of the unwashed aggregate.C87/C87M 1728.4.2 Establishing a Standard for Thoroughness of RinsingPlace a small amount of
31、the water to be used for washing andrinsing in a clean, clear container, and determine the pH of the water by use of pH paper, pH meter, or add a drop ofphenolphthalein to the wash water and retain for later comparison.8.4.3 Washing the AggregatePlace sufficient quantity of fine aggregate for three
32、batches in a suitable container, flood with thesodium hydroxide solution, and agitate thoroughly with a spoon spoon, spatula, or trowel. At the end of the washing and afterallowing to stand for fines to settle, siphon off as much of the sodium hydroxide solution as possible, without removing any of
33、theaggregate fines.8.4.4 Rinsing the AggregateAdd a large quantity of water to the washed aggregate, agitate, allow to stand for fines to settle,and then siphon off the rinse water. Repeat this operation several times, until the water used for rinsing has a pH equal to or lowerthan the pH of the wat
34、er prior to contact with the fine aggregate. If phenolphthalein was used as an indicator, the color of the washwater is to be equal or lighter in color than the solution prepared in 7.4.28.4.2.8.4.5 Verifying Removal of Organic ImpuritiesRepeat the Test Method C40C40/C40M procedure to determine if t
35、he washinghas removed sufficient organic impurities to produce a satisfactory result (color lighter than the standard). If the fine aggregatecontinues to produce an unsatisfactory result (color darker than the standard), repeat the washing and rinsing procedure (describedin 7.4.38.4.3 and 7.4.48.4.4
36、) as many times as necessary until a satisfactory result is obtained by Test Method C40C40/C40M.8.4.6 Once the washed materials produce a satisfactory test result (color lighter than the standard), sieve the dried sample inaccordance with Test Method C136/C136M to verify compliance with 8.4.1.9. Pro
37、cedure9.1 Number of Test BatchesPrepare three batches of mortar using the washed aggregate and three batches of mortar using theunwashed aggregate, on the same day. Mix the batches, alternating between the washed and unwashed aggregate.9.2 Fine AggregateFor both the washed and the unwashed fine aggr
38、egates, bring the portions of fine aggregate to the saturatedsurface dry saturated-surface-dry condition as described in Test Method C128. Prepare a quantity of aggregate of known mass (theaggregate specimen) that is slightly more than needed to produce a single batch of the desired consistency.cons
39、istency (see Note3). Record the net mass of the fine aggregate specimen to the nearest 1 g.9.2.1 Optionally, if the absorption has been determined in accordance with Test Method C128, prepare the aggregate for testby adding to a known mass of dry aggregate the amount of water it will absorb, mixing
40、thoroughly, and permitting the aggregateto stand in a covered pan for 30 min before use.9.3 Preparation of MortarPrepare the mortar in a mechanical mixer in accordance with the procedure for mixing mortarsdescribed in Practice C305, as modified below.9.3.1 Use water and cement in quantities that wil
41、l yield a water-cement ratio of 0.6 by mass (See(see Note 3). The mixing watershall be at a temperature of 23.0 6 2.0 C 73.5 6 3.5 F. The mortar shall be proportioned to produce a consistency that willresult in a flow of 100 6 5 % as determined by the Section on Flow Test flow test (see 8.4.19.4).NO
42、TE 3It has been found that 600400 g of cement and 360 mL of water cement, 240 mL of water, and approximately 1100 g of sand will usuallybe adequate for a 6-cube batch. The flow is adjusted by the quantity of fine aggregate added to the mixture.3-cube batch. Note that it will be necessaryto adjust th
43、e actual sand content to obtain the required flow of 100 6 5%.9.3.2 After placing all the mixing water in the bowl, add the cement to the water. Start the mixer and mix at the slow speed(140 65 r/min) for 30 s. While still mixing at slow speed over a 30-s period, add a measured quantity of aggregate
44、 estimated toprovide the proper consistency.NOTE 4The quantity of aggregate used may be determined by subtracting from a known quantity of prepared aggregate the mass of the portionremaining after mixing.9.3.3 Stop the mixer, change to medium speed (285 6 10 r/min), and mix for 30 s.9.3.4 Stop the m
45、ixer and let the mortar stand for 1.5 min. During the first 15 s of this interval, quickly scrape down into thebatch any mortar that may have collected on the side of the bowl, then for the remainder of this interval, cover the bowl with thelid.9.3.5 Finish by mixing for 1 min at medium speed. If th
46、e flow appears to be too high during the first 30 s of this period, stopthe mixer briefly, add additional fine aggregate, and then complete the final 30 s of mixing.9.3.6 In any case requiring a remixing interval, any mortar adhering to the side of the bowl shall be quickly scraped down intothe batc
47、h with the scraper prior to remixing.9.3.7 Make a determination of the flow.9.4 Flow Test:9.4.1 Carefully wipe Wipe the flow table clean. Dry the surface and place the flow mold at the center. Immediately after Aftercompleting the mixing operation, place a layer of mortar approximately 25 mm 1 in. i
48、n thickness in the mold and tamp 20 timeswith the tamper. The tamping pressure shall be just sufficient to ensure uniform filling of the mold. Slightly overfill the mold withmortar and tamp as specified for the first layer. Cut off the mortar to a plane surface, flush with the top of the mold, by dr
49、awingthe straight edge of the trowel (held nearly perpendicular to the mold) with a sawing motion across the top of the mold. Wipe thetable top clean and dry, being especially careful to remove any water from around the edge of the flow mold. Lift the mold awayC87/C87M 173from the mortar 1 min after completing the mixing operation. Immediately drop Drop the table through a height of 12.7 mm0.5 in. ten times in 6 s. The flow is the resulting increase in average diameter of the mortar specimen, measured on at least fourdiameters at approximately equal
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