ASTM C874-1999(2009) Standard Practice for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials《耐火材料的旋转熔渣标准实施规范》.pdf

1、Designation: C 874 99 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice forRotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice describes a procedure for comparing thebehavior of refractories to the action of molten slag in arotating test f

3、urnace.Areference material should be included ineach test and run for comparison. No numeric results areobtained from this practice. Numeric evaluation of test resultsis the responsibility of the test operator. The test and equipmentare patterned after a method developed by Valley DolomiteCorporatio

4、n2.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, a

5、ssociated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 This practice outlines a procedure which, when appro-priate evaluation

6、 methods are added, can be useful in thedevelopment of new products or in the selection of products tobe used in contact with a particular slag composition.2.2 A gradient exists through the test specimens that iscontrolled by the thermal conductivity of the specimens andbackup material. The slag is

7、constantly renewed so that a highrate of corrosion is maintained. The flow of the slag can causemechanical erosion of materials. The tilt and rotational speedof the furnace will affect the amount of mechanical erosion.2.3 Use caution in interpreting results when materials ofvastly different types ar

8、e included in a single run. Care must betaken to prevent oxidation of carbon-containing materialsduring heat up; failure to do so can result in highly erraticresults. A reference refractory specimen, or specimens, shouldbe used for comparison.3. Apparatus3.1 Furnace, consisting of a cylindrical shel

9、l, typically 18in. (456 mm) long and with a 10-in (254-mm) inside diameter,mounted on rollers and motor driven. Both the rotation and tiltof the furnace along its long axis should allow for adjustment.3.2 BurnerA gas-oxygen torch capable of heating thefurnace to 3200F (1760C). The burner should be e

10、quippedwith flowmeters to monitor gas and oxygen flows.3.3 Optical Pyrometer.3.4 Tools, for (1) a means of feeding slag pellets intofurnace, and (2) to assemble and dismantle the furnace.3.5 Gas Atmosphere Analyzer and Sampling Equipment.3.6 Mold, to form plastic, castable, and rammed samples.3.7 Mo

11、lds, to form slag pellets.3.8 Abrasive Saws, to cut brick samples.3.9 Supply of Granular Refractory Backup Material.3.10 Safety Equipment.4. Test Specimens4.1 Test specimens should be 9 in. (228 mm) long and havea cross section as shown in Fig. 1. The 1.75 by 9-in. (44 by228-mm) face should be an or

12、iginal surface.4.2 One or more reference samples should be included ineach test run.5. Assembly5.1 Six test specimens, as described in Section 4, shallconstitute a test lining. This lining can be assembled around ahexagonal shaped mandrel with 1.75-in. (44-mm) faces andtaped or steel-banded for subs

13、equent handling. The liningshould be positioned midway in the 18-in. (456-mm) length ofthe shell. Any suitable granular or castable refractory materialmay be installed behind the test lining.5.2 It has been found convenient to use precast plugs to fillthe two ends of the shell. These should be 4.5 i

14、n. (114 mm)thick by 10 in. (254 mm) in diameter to fit inside the shell. Thehexagonal holes in the plug should match those of the testlining. For basic slags, the plugs should be formed using a1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee C08 on Refractoriesand is the direct responsibili

15、ty of Subcommittee C08.04 on Chemical Behaviors.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originallyapproved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C 874 99 (2004).2Cash, P., “Measuring Refractory Resistance to Hot Slags,” Ceramic Age,August 1966, pp. 2029.1Copyright

16、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.98 % MgO ramming or casting mix; for acid slags, the plugsshall be formed using a +90 % Al2O3ramming or casting mix.The whole assembly should be held in place by retaining ringsbolted to each end

17、of the shell.5.3 The shell, with the test specimens in place, shall then beplaced in its cradle and linkage made to the driving motor.5.4 The gas-oxygen torch mounting should be adjustable toa position 3 to 5 in. (76 to 127 mm) from the furnace openingso as to be able to fire axially through the fur

18、nace.6. Preparation of Slag Pellets6.1 Whatever the slag to be used, synthetic or prefused, itshould be ground to pass an ASTM No. 30 (600-m) sieve(equivalent to a 28-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and havesuitable binder cast, extruded, or pressed into convenientpellets. A 1-in. (25-mm) diameter by 1.

19、5-in (38-mm) longcylinder is a convenient form. Depending on the slag used, drypellets of this size will weigh approximately 0.1 lb (45 g).Afterforming, the pellets are dried, weighed, and counted to deter-mine the number of pellets to be charged into the furnaceduring the test. Optionally, carbon b

20、lack may be added to theslag mixture if a reducing test atmosphere is desired.7. Procedure7.1 In principle, the furnace is typically tilted 3 axiallytoward the burner end. Charge preformed slag pellets into theupper end of the tilted rotary furnace. The furnace, preheatedby the gas-oxygen torch at t

21、he other end, shall be at atemperature to melt the slag pellets. The molten slag washesover the lining and drips from the lower end of the furnace infront of the burner.7.2 Rotate the furnace at a constant speed, normally 212rpm.7.3 During the test, measure the temperature of the slag bymeans of an

22、optical pyrometer immediately prior to chargingfresh slag. Read the temperature of the slag at the lower onethird of the 9-in. (228-mm) long brick specimen every 15 min,and maintain this temperature within 618F (610C) of thedesired test temperature.7.4 The test atmosphere is usually oxidizing. In sp

23、ecialcases, a reducing atmosphere may be desirable which may beobtained using carbon black additives to the slag mixture anda reducing flame. In all cases, atmosphere analyses to identifyoxygen pressure and monitoring throughout the run is sug-gested.7.5 In a typical basic brick specimen run, heat t

24、he furnace totemperature in approximately 2 to 212 h and soak at tempera-ture for12 h, during which time charge 2 lb (0.9 kg) of slagpellets to coat the lining and provide a starting bath. Startregular feeding of slag pellets at a rate of 2 to 4 lb (0.9 to 1.8kg)/h and continue for 5 h. For less sla

25、g-resistant fireclay oralumina specimens, coupled with more erosive slags, theamount of slag charged and the time of the run may be reduced.7.6 At the end of testing, immediately after shutting off theoxygen and gas and the motor, tilt the furnace to a verticalposition to allow the remaining slag to

26、 drain.NOTE 1Dimensions are in inches.NOTE 2Six cuts are needed for complete lining.SI Equivalentsin. (mm)1.752.53.04.5(44)(64)(76)(114)FIG. 1 Cross Section of Cut Brick Samples for Lining the Rotary Slag-Test FurnaceC 874 99 (2009)27.7 After the cold furnace is disassembled, saw each iden-tified sp

27、ecimen through the 9-in. (228-mm) length perpendicu-lar to and at the center of the slagged face.8. Report8.1 The report should include the following:8.1.1 Type, source, and composition of the slag,8.1.2 Test temperature,8.1.3 Duration of test,8.1.4 Rate of slag feed and total amount of slag used, a

28、nd8.1.5 Any unusual test conditions, such as furnace atmo-sphere.8.2 Observations as to the condition of the specimens aftertesting. It may be desirable to cut the specimens in half andexpose a cross-sectional view.8.2.1 These observations may be, but are not limited to:photographs, written comments

29、, depth or volume of slag cut,depth or volume of slag penetration, change of mineralogy, anddevelopment of cracks in the specimens. Procedures used toobtain numerical results involving slag cut or penetration, orboth, of the specimens need to be included in the report.9. Keywords9.1 corrosion; penet

30、ration; refractories; rotary; slagASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risko

31、f infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this

32、standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake yo

33、ur views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C 874 99 (2009)3