ASTM C874-2011 Standard Practice for Rotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials《耐火材料的旋转熔渣标准实施规范》.pdf

1、Designation:C87499 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Practice for Designation: C874 11Standard Test Method forRotary Slag Testing of Refractory Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C874; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in t

2、he case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice test method describes a procedure for comparing the behavior of refract

3、ories to the action of molten slag ina rotating test furnace.Areference material should be included in each test and run for comparison. No numeric results are obtainedfrom this practice.test method. Numeric evaluation of test results is the responsibility of the test operator. The test and equipmen

4、tare patterned after a method developed by Valley Dolomite Corporation2.1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.1.3 This st

5、andard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Significance and Use2.1 T

6、his practicetest method outlines a procedure which, when appropriate evaluation methods are added, can be useful in thedevelopment of new products or in the selection of products to be used in contact with a particular slag composition.2.2 A gradient exists through the test specimens that is control

7、led by the thermal conductivity of the specimens and backupmaterial. The slag is constantly renewed so that a high rate of corrosion is maintained. The flow of the slag can cause mechanicalerosion of materials. The tilt and rotational speed of the furnace will affect the amount of mechanical erosion

8、.2.3 Use caution in interpreting results when materials of vastly different types are included in a single run. Care must be takento prevent oxidation of carbon-containing materials during heat up; failure to do so can result in highly erratic results. A referencerefractory specimen, or specimens, s

9、hould be used for comparison.3. Apparatus3.1 Furnace, consisting of a cylindrical shell, typically 18 in. (456 mm) long and with a 10-in (254-mm)10 in. (254 mm) insidediameter, mounted on rollers and motor driven. Both the rotation and tilt of the furnace along its long axis should allow foradjustme

10、nt.3.2 BurnerA gas-oxygen torch capable of heating the furnace to 3200F (1760C). The burner should be equipped withflowmeters to monitor gas and oxygen flows.3.3 Optical Pyrometer.3.4 Tools, for (1) a means of feeding slag pellets into furnace, and (2) to assemble and dismantle the furnace.3.5 Gas A

11、tmosphere Analyzer and Sampling Equipment.3.6 Mold, to form plastic, castable, and rammed samples.3.7 Molds, to form slag pellets.3.8 Abrasive Saws, to cut brick samples.3.9 Supply of Granular Refractory Backup Material.3.10 Safety Equipment.1This practice test method is under the jurisdiction of AS

12、TM Committee C08 on Refractories and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C08.04 on ChemicalBehaviors.Current edition approved March 1, 2009. Published April 2009. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as C87499 (2004). DOI:10.1520/C0874-99R09.Current edition ap

13、proved Feb. 1, 2011. Published March 2011. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C874 99 (Reapproved 2009).DOI: 10.1520/C0874-11.2Cash, P., “ Measuring Refractory Resistance to Hot Slags,” Ceramic Age, August 1966, pp. 2029.1This document is not an ASTM standard and

14、is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only th

15、e current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Test Specimens4.1 Test specimens should be 9 in. (228 mm) long and have a cross section

16、 as shown in Fig. 1. The 1.75 by 9-in. 9 in. (44 by228-mm)228 mm) face should be an original surface.4.2 One or more reference samples should be included in each test run.5. Assembly5.1 Six test specimens, as described in Section 4, shall constitute a test lining. This lining can be assembled around

17、 a hexagonalshaped mandrel with 1.75-in. (44-mm) 1.75 in. (44 mm) faces and taped or steel-banded for subsequent handling. The lining shouldbe positioned midway in the 18-in. (456-mm)18 in. (456 mm) length of the shell. Any suitable granular or castable refractorymaterial may be installed behind the

18、 test lining.5.2 It has been found convenient to use precast plugs to fill the two ends of the shell. These should be 4.5 in. (114 mm) thickby 10 in. (254 mm) in diameter to fit inside the shell. The hexagonal holes in the plug should match those of the test lining. Forbasic slags, the plugs should

19、be formed using a 98 % MgO ramming or casting mix; for acid slags, the plugs shall be formed usinga +90 % Al2O3ramming or casting mix. The whole assembly should be held in place by retaining rings bolted to each end of theshell.5.3 The shell, with the test specimens in place, shall then be placed in

20、 its cradle and linkage made to the driving motor.5.4 The gas-oxygen torch mounting should be adjustable to a position 3 to 5 in. (76 to 127 mm) from the furnace opening soas to be able to fire axially through the furnace.6. Preparation of Slag Pellets6.1 Whatever the slag to be used, synthetic or p

21、refused, it should be ground to pass an ASTM No. 30 (600-m) (600 m) sieve(equivalent to a 28-mesh Tyler Standard Series) and have suitable binder cast, extruded, or pressed into convenient pellets. A 1-in.(25-mm) 1 in. (25 mm) diameter by 1.5-in (38-mm)1.5 in (38 mm) long cylinder is a convenient fo

22、rm. Depending on the slag used,dry pellets of this size will weigh approximately 0.1 lb (45 g). After forming, the pellets are dried, weighed, and counted todetermine the number of pellets to be charged into the furnace during the test. Optionally, carbon black may be added to the slagmixture if a r

23、educing test atmosphere is desired.7. Procedure7.1 In principle, the furnace is typically tilted 3 axially toward the burner end. Charge preformed slag pellets into the upperend of the tilted rotary furnace. The furnace, preheated by the gas-oxygen torch at the other end, shall be at a temperature t

24、o meltNOTE 1Dimensions are in inches.NOTE 2Six cuts are needed for complete lining.SI Equivalentsin. (mm)1.752.53.04.5(44)(64)(76)(114)FIG. 1 Cross Section of Cut Brick Samples for Lining the Rotary Slag-Test FurnaceC874 112the slag pellets. The molten slag washes over the lining and drips from the

25、lower end of the furnace in front of the burner.7.2 Rotate the furnace at a constant speed, normally 212 rpm.7.3 During the test, measure the temperature of the slag by means of an optical pyrometer immediately prior to charging freshslag. Read the temperature of the slag at the lower one third of t

26、he 9-in. (228-mm)9 in. (228 mm) long brick specimen every 15min, and maintain this temperature within 618F (610C) of the desired test temperature.7.4 The test atmosphere is usually oxidizing. In special cases, a reducing atmosphere may be desirable which may be obtainedusing carbon black additives t

27、o the slag mixture and a reducing flame. In all cases, atmosphere analyses to identify oxygen pressureand monitoring throughout the run is suggested.7.5 In a typical basic brick specimen run, heat the furnace to temperature in approximately 2 to 212 h and soak at temperaturefor12 h, during which tim

28、e charge 2 lb (0.9 kg) of slag pellets to coat the lining and provide a starting bath. Start regular feedingof slag pellets at a rate of 2 to 4 lb (0.9 to 1.8 kg)/h and continue for 5 h. For less slag-resistant fireclay or alumina specimens,coupled with more erosive slags, the amount of slag charged

29、 and the time of the run may be reduced.7.6 At the end of testing, immediately after shutting off the oxygen and gas and the motor, tilt the furnace to a vertical positionto allow the remaining slag to drain.7.7 After the cold furnace is disassembled, saw each identified specimen through the 9-in. (

30、228-mm) length perpendicular toand at the center of the slagged face.8. Report8.1 The report should include the following:8.1.1 Type, source, and composition of the slag,8.1.2 Test temperature,8.1.3 Duration of test,8.1.4 Rate of slag feed and total amount of slag used, and8.1.5 Any unusual test con

31、ditions, such as furnace atmosphere.8.2 Observations as to the condition of the specimens after testing. It may be desirable to cut the specimens in half and exposea cross-sectional view.8.2.1 These observations may be, but are not limited to: photographs, written comments, depth or volume of slag c

32、ut, depth orvolume of slag penetration, change of mineralogy, and development of cracks in the specimens. Procedures used to obtainnumerical results involving slag cut or penetration, or both, of the specimens need to be included in the report.9. Precision and Bias9.1 PrecisionNo justifiable stateme

33、nt on precision can be made since the results of the test are reported by descriptions andphotographs, and the degree of variability cannot be established.9.2 BiasNo justifiable statement on bias can be made since the true or standard value for the degree of disintegration cannotbe established by an

34、 accepted reference method.10. Keywords910.1 corrosion; penetration; refractories; rotary; slagASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determina

35、tion of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or with

36、drawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that you

37、r comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (sing

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