ASTM C930-2005 Standard Classification of Potential Health and Safety Concerns Associated With Thermal Insulation Materials and Accessories《绝热材料及辅助设备对人体健康和安全潜在影响的识别与分类》.pdf

1、Designation: C 930 05Standard Classification ofPotential Health and Safety Concerns Associated WithThermal Insulation Materials and Accessories1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 930; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in th

2、e case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This

3、 classification identifies potential concerns and ef-fects that could result from direct contact with thermal insula-tion materials and accessories, or be caused by indirect actionof events such as aging, fire, or physical disturbance.1.2 Intent of Classification:1.2.1 It is the intent of this class

4、ification to alert others topotential concerns, effects, hazards, or risk.1.2.2 It is not the intent of this classification to establish thedegree of risk or hazard or limiting values of potential hazards.1.2.3 It is not the intent of this classification to establish orrecommend methods or markings

5、to reduce or mitigate thepotential; however, it is recognized that correct procedures andprecautionary measures can substantially reduce or eliminatesome of the potential concerns, effects, hazards, or risks.NOTE 1See Appendix X1 for commentary.1.3 This classification recognizes the responsibility o

6、f pro-ducers and users, as appropriate, to: (1) provide information onknown effects or hazards, (2) advise on established safety andhealth practices, and (3) determine applicable regulatory re-quirements.1.4 This classification does not address the health and safetyconcerns of thermal insulation mat

7、erials and accessories duringmanufacture.1.5 Omission of an item from this classification does notimply an absence of potential concerns or effects.1.6 There is no importance in the order of listing.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:2.1.1 degree of riskthe probability

8、or expected frequencyof the event, multiplied by the expected magnitude of exposureand the potential for harm.2.1.2 direct contactthe straightforward touching resultingfrom use, manipulation, placement, etc.2.1.3 hazarda condition or set of circumstances thatpresents a specific injury or adverse hea

9、lth potential.2.1.4 indirect action or eventsthe actions or events thatare not directly created by, or straightforwardly caused by, theperson(s) potentially exposed to the effects or hazards.2.1.5 potentialthe possible as opposed to the actual; thatwhich may, but has not yet, come into being; that w

10、hich islatent, unrealized.2.1.6 riskthe exposure to chance of injury or illness orloss.3. Significance and Use3.1 The purpose of this classification is to identify potentialconcerns and effects which may occur during the life cycle(installation, service, removal, and disposal) of insulationmaterials

11、 and accessories resulting from direct contact orindirect action or events.3.2 This classification does not identify remedial or preven-tive steps that may be taken to correct potential problems orhazards; rather it is intended as a checklist that will make iteasier to deal constructively with these

12、 potentials, and todetermine what, if any, specific requirements need to be addedto other standards concerning insulation materials or accesso-ries. (See Appendix X2 for sources of information.)3.3 This classification recognizes that proper handling andinstallation procedures can substantially reduc

13、e the potentialconcerns and effects. Further, it recognizes that in somesituations the presence or creation of potential effects orhazards results from an intervening act of human or naturalorigin, or depends on access to or contact with the materials oraccessories. Lack of compatibility of the indi

14、vidual compo-nents of an insulation system with each other or the environ-mental conditions within which the system will operate, orboth, may create unanticipated effects. (See Appendix X3.)4. Basis of Classification4.1 Classification is based on several broad groupings ofpotential concerns that cou

15、ld result from direct contact withthermal insulation materials and accessories, or be caused byindirect actions or events.1This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 onThermal Insulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 onInsulation Systems.Current edi

16、tion approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published December 2005. Originallyapproved in 1980. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as C 930 99.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 Potentials that occur from direct contact or indi

17、rectaction or events are described as follows:4.2.1 Potential Health EffectsThose effects that createrisk of temporary or permanent changes in normal bodyfunctions and biochemical activity. The latter may involvevapors (such as organic solvent fumes), corrosive liquids(acids, alkalies, and organics)

18、, and solids (usually high surfacearea particulates) that react with body tissues or fluids.4.2.1.1 AMaterial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is required bythe Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA),U.S. Department of Labor (29CFR 1910.1200) for hazardouschemicals produced in the United State

19、s, or imported. (TheMSDS for any product or material is issued and available fromthe organization producing the product or material.)4.2.1.2 The MSDS for any insulation product, system, oraccessory (including adhesives) should be obtained and re-viewed to determine any potential effect on humans usi

20、ng orinstalling the material.4.2.1.3 When tests are included in a standard, the MSDS forchemicals required ahould be reviewed to ensure that properguidance for safe handling and use is incorporated.4.2.2 Potential Traumatic Injury Effects (Table 1)Theseeffects may result from sharp or rough material

21、s or accessorieswhich have protrusions or abrasive surfaces, cause overheat-ing, or transmit electrical energy, and generally require directcontact with the material or accessory causing lacerations,abrasions, punctures, etc.4.2.3 Potential Effects Resulting from Combustion (Table2) Those effects th

22、at result principally from the emission ofheat, gases (toxic and non-toxic), fibers, particulates, anddepletion of oxygen which takes place during combustion thatexposes or involves insulation materials or accessories.4.2.4 Potential Effects from Structural Conditions (Table3)Those effects that resu

23、lt principally from the overloadingor deterioration of structural members of a building resulting infailure of the structure, or a portion of it, and its collapse onoccupants.5. Keywords5.1 hazsards; health effects; injury; safetyTABLE 1 Potential Traumatic InjuryInsulation Product,System, or Access

24、oryPotential Exposure Potential Effect on HumansCellular glass abrasive surface Contact may abrade skinEncapsulated or reflective insulation high surface temperature Contact may cause thermal burns.Insulation materials and accessories application of thermal insulationaround or adjacent to electrical

25、wiring or fixtures (particularlyimportant if the covering on theelectrical circuit is old) mayproduce:A(a) overheating that could resultin deterioration of the wirecovering and contact withelectrical energyElectrical shock(b) if subject to moistureaccumulation could result indeterioration of the wir

26、e coveringand contact with electrical energyElectrical shock(c) overheating that could resultin fireThermal burnsMan-made vitreous fibers:GlassMineral woolRefractoryfiber stalks or bundles Contact may abrade or puncture skin.Metal encapsulated or reflective insulation electrically conductive Contact

27、 may transmit electrical energy iftouching an electrical circuit resulting in minoror serious electrical shock.Metal foil electrically conductive Contact may transmit electrical energy iftouching an electrical circuit resulting in minoror serious electrical shock.Sheet metal lagging, bands, fastener

28、s, sheetmetalsharp or pointed edges Contact may cause skin cuts, tears orpunctures.AAlso see Table 3.C930052APPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1. COMMENTARYX1.1 Background of StandardThe original concept wasto develop two standards that alert task groups writing stan-dards to safety and health con

29、cerns associated with thermalinsulation materials and accessories during installation andafter installation. Classification C 930 80 resulted from anumber of drafts and concerned the effects during installation.X1.1.1 Subsequently attention was given to the effects afterinstallation and a proposed c

30、lassification standard proceededthrough a number of drafts, with several new approaches to theclassification and information presented. Finally it was agreedthere was sufficient similarity between the existing standard(Classification C 930 80) and the proposed, so that theyshould be combined into on

31、e standard (Oct. 1982 Subcommit-tee meeting).X1.1.2 This revision combines the concerns and effectsassociated with thermal insulation materials and accessoriesduring installation, and (after) when remodeling, or retrofitting,or as a result of indirect action or events.X1.1.3 This is a resource docum

32、ent intended solely to alertstandards writers and users of insulating materials and acces-sories to potentials. It is most emphatically not an evaluation ofcomparative risks, nor is it a predictor of inevitable problems.No effort has been made to address the numerous preventive orremedial measures a

33、vailable to manufacturers and users, eventhough it is recognized that many of these are routinely used.The user in a corporate sense has a responsibility to advise theinstaller (tradesman), as an employee, of the informationsupplied by the manufacturer.X1.1.4 During deliberations on the revision of

34、C930 80,many requests to add qualifying or explanatory phrases andfootnotes that indicate increased or decreased potential riskwith specific products were received. It became clear that thisqualifying or explanatory information would move the classi-fication into territory beyond its own scope by no

35、ting palliativemeasures and assigning degrees of risk to some products andnot others. Consequently it was agreed that the tables shouldnot contain comparative risk information.X1.1.5 The tables are non-qualitative, non-quantitative listsof potential hazards to be used by standards writers, manufac-t

36、urers, and users who are responsible for taking the potentialsinto account. Thus they are no more, no less, than checklists.X1.1.6 Since adoption of Classification C 930 85, anOSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration, U.S.Department of Labor) Regulation on Hazard Communication29CFR 1910.1

37、200 has been implemented. The use and avail-ability of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) has becomeTABLE 2 Potential Effects Resulting from CombustionInsulation Product,System, or AccessoryPotential Exposure Potential Effect on HumansAdhesives, coatings, and mastics containingsolventscombustion of

38、 flammable orcombustible solvents, duringapplication or from residualsolventsThermal burns and other effects from flame,flashover or explosion. Impaired vision fromsmoke. Toxic effectsAOrganic polymeric foams combustion of organic materials Thermal burns. Impaired vision from smoke.Toxic effectsAOrg

39、anic fibers:Animal hairCellulosicVegetablecombustion of organic materials Thermal burns. Impaired vision from smoke.Toxic effectsAPVC jacketing combustion of organic materials Thermal burns. Impaired vision from smoke.Toxic effectsAUrea formaldehyde foam combustion of organic materials Thermal burns

40、. Impaired vision from smoke.Toxic effectsAVapor retarders-including asphalt-coated combustion of organic materials Thermal burns. Impaired vision from smoke.Toxic effectsAInsulations (principally fibrous) organicallybound or impregnatedcombustion of organic materials Thermal burns. Impaired vision

41、from smoke.Toxic effectsAAToxicity of smoke and fumes depends on materials burning and intensity.TABLE 3 Potential Effects Resulting from Structural ConditionsInsulation Product,System, or AccessoryPotential Exposure Potential Effect onHumansInsulation materials and accessories contact with metal st

42、ructuralcomponents may result inoxidation of the metalLong term structural weakening or failure andcollapse on occupants.additional weight load to structureplus snow or ice.Structural failure and collapse on occupants ifdesign characteristics are not reevaluated priorto installation.C930053widesprea

43、d. MSDSs are more comprehensive and up-to datethan Table 1 in Classification C 930 85. Therefore, Table 1has been deleted. Standards writers and users should refer toMSDSs and applicable federal, state, and local laws andregulations for potential health effects.X1.2 Summary of Changes in Classificat

44、ion C 930 85:X1.2.1 Descriptions of Terms Specific to This StandardThis section replaced the former Section 2 on Definitions. Allof the terms were new and relate to terms used.X1.2.2 Significance and UseThis section was new. Itfocuses on identification of the potential concerns and effectsthat may o

45、ccur during the life cycle (installation, service,removal, and disposal) of insulation materials and accessories,and points out that remedial or preventative steps are notidentified.X1.2.3 Basis of ClassificationThis section replaced theprevious 3, “General Types of Hazard” of ClassificationC 930 80

46、. It reflects a new approach to the grouping andidentification of potentials. All sections are concerned withpotentials that may occur during and after installation.X1.2.4 Table 1, Potential Health EffectsThe terminologyof products, etc., were upgraded and the quantifiers wereremoved from “potential

47、 effects on humans.”X1.2.5 Table 2, Potential for Traumatic InjuryThis tablereplaced the former Table 2, “Mechanical Safety Hazards,” andprincipally covers electric shock potentials.X1.2.6 Table 3, Potential Effects Resulting fromCombustionThis table reflects the intent of the previousTable 3.X1.2.7

48、 Table 4, Potential Effects Resulting from StructuralConditionsThis new category recognizes that there may bean effect from moisture on certain structural components, orfrom uncontemplated additional weight load of added insulat-ing materials. All items listed in the previous Table 4 ofClassificatio

49、n C 930 80 are now listed under Table 1 andTable 2.X1.2.8 Appendix X1This appendix provides details on thecurrent changes to Classification C 930.X1.2.9 Appendix X2This appendix continues the sourcesof information listed in Classification C 930 80.X1.2.10 Appendix X3This appendix covers additionalitems of concern on possible situations where generalization isdifficult, but where there may be lack of compatability betweenindividual components of an insulation system. These itemswere contained in Section 4 of Classification C 930 80.X1.3 Summary o