ASTM C94 C94M-2009 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete《掺水即可用的混凝土用标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: C 94/C 94M 09Standard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 94/C 94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de-fined in 3.2.2. R

3、equirements for quality of concrete shall beeither as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser.In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ fromthese in this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolida

4、tion, curing, or protection of the concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used inde

5、pendently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturerproduces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswh

6、ich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this

7、 standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standard

8、s:3C 31/C 31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC 39/C 39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC 125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and ConcreteAggregatesC 138/C 138M Test Method for Density

9、 (Unit Weight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC 143/C 143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 150 Specification for Portland CementC 172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC 173/C 173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric M

10、ethodC 231 Test Method for Air Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC 260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC 330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC 494/C 494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC 567 Test Method

11、for Determining Density of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC 595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC 618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC 637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC 989 Specification for Ground Granu

12、lated Blast-FurnaceSlag for Use in Concrete and MortarsC 1017/C 1017M Specification for Chemical Admixturesfor Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC 1064/C 1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC 1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregat

13、es for Use in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory EvaluationC 1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC 1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixtures1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the dire

14、ct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2009. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as C 94/C 94M07.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book o

15、f ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section a

16、ppears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C 1602/C 1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used inthe Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Cer

17、tification of Con-crete Field Testing TechnicianGrade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specifications for Structural Concrete305R Hot Weathe

18、r Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminol-ogy C 125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific

19、 to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nconcrete mixed com-pletely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured anddelivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nconcrete partially mixed ina stationary mixer with mixing completed in a

20、truck mixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nconcrete completely mixedin a truck mixer.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportationunit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined from

21、the total mass of the batch divided by thedensity of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall bedetermined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch asdelivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.The density shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod C 138/C 138M. T

22、he yield shall be determined as theaverage of at least three measurements, one from each of threedifferent transportation units sampled in accordance withPractice C 172.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spil

23、lage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materials speci-fications, the following materials specifications shall be used:5.2 Cementitio

24、us Materials5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conformto Specification C 150, Specification C 595, or SpecificationC 1157.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ashor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C 618.Ground granulated blast furnace slag shall conform to Sp

25、eci-fication C 989. Silica fume shall conform to SpecificationC 1240.5.2.3 Cementitious concrete mixturesCementitious con-crete mixtures shall contain the kind(s) and class(es) ofhydraulic cement(s) and the kind(s) and class(es) of supple-mentary cementitious material(s) as specified by the purchase

26、r.If hydraulic cement specification or type is not provided thenthe requirements of portland cement Type I or Type IIconforming to Specification C 150 shall apply or other cemen-titious materials that have a demonstrated ability to satisfy theintended use.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall

27、 conformto Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C 330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C 637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C 1602/C 1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixturesshall conform to Specification C

28、260 (Note 2).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to either Specification C 494/C 494M or C 1017/C 1017M as applicable (Note 2).NOTE 2In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range ofdosages should

29、 be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 3Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or gradesof the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concreteof different properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general sp

30、ecifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (seeSection 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-tent of the samples taken at the

31、 point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total aircontent and tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.4 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.5 When structural lightweight conc

32、rete is specified, themass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-drymass (Note 5), and6.1.6 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2in Specification C 1602/C 1602M.NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purchaser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which

33、the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose of4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5Available from

34、Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.C 94/C 94M 092air-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strength without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is

35、 the onlyunit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than theair-dry or oven-dry mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining orcalculating air-dry and oven-dry masses, are covered by Test MethodC 567.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume

36、full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture (Note 6), the purchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at thepoint of discharge evaluated in accordance with Se

37、ction 18.The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for

38、 which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition tothose for structural design. The purchaser is referred to Standard PracticeACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection o

39、f propor-tions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural light-weight concretes cannot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use asa specification basis.6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the ma

40、nufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturatedsurface-dry-masses of fine and coarse aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete

41、that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser thatthe materials to be used and proportions selected will produceconcrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes respon

42、sibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify thefollowing:6.3.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yardkilograms per cubic metre of concrete,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete, includingsurface

43、 moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water ofabsorption (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reducedwhen admixtures are used under this option without the writtenapproval of the purchaser.6.3.2 At the request of

44、the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieveanalyses of the aggregates and the dry masses of cement andsaturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type and

45、 name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurchaser.6.4 Option C:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe

46、concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified (Note 7), the purchaser shall also specify thefollowing:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsamples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofdischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur-chase

47、r shall specify the requirements for strength in terms oftests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratoryconditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwisespecified the age at test shall be 28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds percubic yard kilograms per cu

48、bic metre of concrete.6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reducedwhen admixtures are used.NOTE 7Option C can be distinctive and useful only if the designatedminimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarilybe

49、 required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump specified. At thesame time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient to ensure durabilityunder expected service conditions, as well as satisfactory surface textureand density, in the event specified strength is attained with it. Foradditional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 and StandardPractice 211.2 referred to in Note 6.6.4.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry mas