ASTM C94 C94M-2009a Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete.pdf

1、Designation: C94/C94M 09aStandard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenthese

2、s indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de-fined in 3.2.2. Requ

3、irements for quality of concrete shall beeither as hereinafter specified or as specified by the purchaser.In any case where the requirements of the purchaser differ fromthese in this specification, the purchasers specification shallgovern. This specification does not cover the placement,consolidatio

4、n, curing, or protection of the concrete afterdelivery to the purchaser.1.2 The values stated in either SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used indepen

5、dently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturerproduces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich

6、 provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this st

7、andard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3

8、C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cy-lindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit W

9、eight),Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydraulic-CementConcreteC150 Specification for Portland CementC172 Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of FreshlyMixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231 Test

10、Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Con-crete by the Pressure MethodC260 Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Con-creteC330 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Struc-tural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC567 Test Method for Determining Den

11、sity of StructuralLightweight ConcreteC595 Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concreteand

12、MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Laboratories Testing Concrete and Con-crete Aggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria forLaboratory

13、 EvaluationC1157 Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixtures1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed

14、Concrete.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published December 2009. Originallyapproved in 1933. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as C94/C94M09. DOI:10.1520/C0094_C0094M-09a.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 04.

15、02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this

16、standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 ACI Docum

17、ents:4CP-1 Technician Workbook for ACI Certification of Con-crete Field Testing TechnicianGrade I211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Nor-mal, Heavyweight, and Mass Concrete211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Struc-tural Lightweight Concrete301 Standard Specificati

18、ons for Structural Concrete305R Hot Weather Concreting306R Cold Weather Concreting318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concreteand Commentary2.3 Other Documents:Bureau of Reclamation Concrete Manual53. Terminology3.1 Definitions:The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminol-o

19、gy C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nconcrete mixed com-pletely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured anddelivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nconcrete partially mixed ina sta

20、tionary mixer with mixing completed in a truck mixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nconcrete completely mixedin a truck mixer.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportationunit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete

21、in a given batch shall bedetermined from the total mass of the batch divided by thedensity of the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall bedetermined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch asdelivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.The density shall be determined in a

22、ccordance with TestMethod C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as theaverage of at least three measurements, one from each of threedifferent transportation units sampled in accordance withPractice C172.NOTE 1It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or appear to be, le

23、ss than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materials speci-fications, the following materials speci

24、fications shall be used:5.2 Cementitious Materials5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conformto Specification C150, Specification C595, or SpecificationC1157.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ashor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618.Ground granulated blas

25、t furnace slag shall conform to Speci-fication C989. Silica fume shall conform to SpecificationC1240.5.2.3 Cementitious concrete mixturesCementitious con-crete mixtures shall contain the kind(s) and class(es) ofhydraulic cement(s) and the kind(s) and class(es) of supple-mentary cementitious material

26、(s) as specified by the purchaser.If hydraulic cement specification or type is not provided thenthe requirements of portland cement Type I or Type IIconforming to Specification C150 shall apply or other cemen-titious materials that have a demonstrated ability to satisfy theintended use.5.3 Aggregate

27、sNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33. Lightweight aggregates shall conform toSpecification C330 and heavyweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixturesshall

28、conform to Specification C260 (Note 2).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to either Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017Mas applicable (Note 2).NOTE 2In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a r

29、ange ofdosages should be allowed which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 3Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or gradesof the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concreteof different properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated

30、applicable general specifi-cations, the purchaser shall specify the following:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (seeSection 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery(see Sectio

31、n 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.4 When air-entrained concrete is specified, the air con-tent of the samples taken at the point of discharge from thetransportation unit (see Section 8 and Table 1 for the total aircontent and tolerances) (Note 4),6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a

32、 basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.6 When structural lightweight concrete is specified, themass per unit volume as wet mass, air-dry mass, or oven-drymass (Note 5), and6.1.7 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2in Specification

33、C1602/C1602M.4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5Available from Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government PrintingOffice, Washington, DC 20402.C94/C94M 09a2NOTE 4In selecting the specified air content, the purc

34、haser shouldconsider the exposure conditions to which the concrete will be subjected.Air contents less than shown in Table 1 may not give the requiredresistance to freezing and thawing, which is the primary purpose ofair-entrained concrete. Air contents higher than the levels shown mayreduce strengt

35、h without contributing any further improvement of durabil-ity.NOTE 5The mass per unit volume of fresh concrete, which is the onlyunit mass determinable at the time of delivery, is always higher than theair-dry or oven-dry mass. Definitions of, and methods for determining orcalculating air-dry and ov

36、en-dry masses, are covered by Test MethodC567.6.2 Option A:6.2.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture (Note 6), the purchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.2.1.1 Requirements for compressive strengt

37、h as deter-mined on samples taken from the transportation unit at thepoint of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Sec

38、tion 18).Unless otherwise specified the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 6The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which he as-sumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements for work-ability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addition tothose for structu

39、ral design. The purchaser is referred to Standard PracticeACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection of propor-tions that will result in concrete suitable for various types of structures andconditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of most structural light-weight concretes cann

40、ot be determined with sufficient accuracy for use asa specification basis.6.2.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser, giving the dry masses of cement and saturatedsurface-dry-masses of fine and coars

41、e aggregate and quantities,type, and name of admixtures (if any) and of water per cubicyard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used in themanufacture of each class of concrete ordered by the purchaser.He shall also furnish evidence satisfactory to the purchaser thatthe materials to be used and

42、proportions selected will produceconcrete of the quality specified.6.3 Option B:6.3.1 When the purchaser assumes responsibility for theproportioning of the concrete mixture, he shall also specify thefollowing:6.3.1.1 Cement content in bags or pounds per cubic yardkilograms per cubic metre of concret

43、e,6.3.1.2 Maximum allowable water content in gallons percubic yard litres per cubic metre of concrete, includingsurface moisture on the aggregates, but excluding water ofabsorption (Note 6), and6.3.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage to be used. The cement content shall not be

44、reducedwhen admixtures are used under this option without the writtenapproval of the purchaser.6.3.2 At the request of the purchaser, the manufacturer shall,prior to the actual delivery of the concrete, furnish a statementto the purchaser giving the sources, densities, and sieveanalyses of the aggre

45、gates and the dry masses of cement andsaturated-surface-dry masses of fine and coarse aggregate andquantities, type and name of admixture (if any) and of waterper cubic yard or cubic metre of concrete that will be used inthe manufacture of each class of concrete ordered by thepurchaser.6.4 Option C:

46、6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume responsibility for the selection of the proportions forthe concrete mixture with the minimum allowable cementcontent specified (Note 7), the purchaser shall also specify thefollowing:6.4.1.1 Required compressive strength as determined onsam

47、ples taken from the transportation unit at the point ofdischarge evaluated in accordance with Section 18. The pur-chaser shall specify the requirements for strength in terms oftests of standard specimens cured under standard laboratoryconditions for moist curing (see Section 18). Unless otherwisespe

48、cified the age at test shall be 28 days.6.4.1.2 Minimum cement content in bags or pounds percubic yard kilograms per cubic metre of concrete.6.4.1.3 If admixtures are required, the type, name, anddosage to be used. The cement content shall not be reducedwhen admixtures are used.NOTE 7Option C can be

49、 distinctive and useful only if the designatedminimum cement content is at about the same level that would ordinarilybe required for the strength, aggregate size, and slump or slump flowspecified. At the same time, it must be an amount that will be sufficient toensure durability under expected service conditions, as well as satisfactorysurface texture and density, in the event specified strength is attained withit. For additional information refer to Standard Practice ACI 211.1 andStandard Practice 211.2 referred to in Note 6.6.4.2 At the request of the pu