ASTM C94 C94M-2016 Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete《预拌混凝土的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: C94/C94M 16Standard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses

2、 indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as de-fined in 3.2.2 (

3、Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready-mixed concrete shall be either as stated in this specification oras ordered by the purchaser. When the purchasersrequirements, as stated in the order, differ from those in thisspecification, the purchasers requirements shall govern. Thisspecification does n

4、ot cover the placement, consolidation,curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to thepurchaser.NOTE 1Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuousmixing is covered in Specification C685. Fiber-reinforced concrete iscovered in Specification C1116.1.2 The values stated in either

5、SI units, shown in brackets,or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents;therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standar

6、d.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturerproduces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixed concrete.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnoteswhich provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures) shall no

7、t be consideredas requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatory

8、limitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementi-tious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns toskin and tissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete TestSpecimens in the FieldC33/C33M Specification for Co

9、ncrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylin-drical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-gregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield,and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method for Slump of Hydrauli

10、c-CementConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed Con-creteC173/C173M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method forAir Content of Freshly MixedConcrete by the Pressure MethodC260/C260M S

11、pecification for Air-Entraining Admixturesfor ConcreteC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates forStructural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forConcreteC567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density ofStructural Lightweight ConcreteC595/C595M Specification for Ble

12、nded Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or CalcinedNatural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-ShieldingConcreteC685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batch-ing and Continuous MixingC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement

13、 for Use inConcrete and Mortars1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 onConcrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC09.40 on Ready-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved March 15, 2016. Published April 2016. Originallyapproved in 19

14、33. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C94/C94M 15b.DOI: 10.1520/C0094_C0094M-16.2See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing,Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer

15、Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19

16、428-2959. United States1C1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Admixtures forUse in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of FreshlyMixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice for Agencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria fo

17、rTesting Agency EvaluationC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced Concrete andShotcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for HydraulicCementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in CementitiousMixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in theProduction of Hydraulic Cement Conc

18、reteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidating Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forNormal, Heavyweight, and Mass ConcreteACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions forStructural Lightweight ConcreteACI 301 Standard Specifi

19、cations for Structural ConcreteACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather ConcretingACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather ConcretingACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Con-crete and Commentary2.3 Other Documents:5NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and TechnologyHandbook3. Terminology3.1 Definition

20、sThe terms used in this specification aredefined in Terminology C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nready-mixed concretemixed completely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured anddelivered to a purchaser in a fres

21、h state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nready-mixed concrete par-tially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in atruck mixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nready-mixed concrete com-pletely mixed in a truck mixer.3.2.5 water, target batch, nquantity of water to be addedto the batch through

22、 the water measuring system after com-pensating for the quantity of ice, if used, surface moisture onthe aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable,and by subtracting a quantity of water that is anticipated to beadded at the jobsite or in transit to adjust slump or slump flowof the conc

23、rete batch.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase shall be a cubic yard or cubicmetre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportationunit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall bedetermined from the total mass of the batch divided by thedensity of the concrete. The to

24、tal mass of the batch shall bedetermined as the net mass of the concrete in the batch asdelivered, including the total mixing water as defined in 9.3.The density shall be determined in accordance with TestMethod C138/C138M. The yield shall be determined as theaverage of at least three measurements,

25、one from each of threedifferent transportation units sampled in accordance withPractice C172/C172M.NOTE 2It should be understood that the volume of hardened concretemay be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or

26、settlementof wet mixtures, none of which are the responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable materialspecifications, the following material specifications shall beused:5.2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conformto Specifi

27、cation C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M,orSpecification C1157/C1157M.5.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ashor natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C618. Slagcement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silicafume shall conform to Specification C1240.5.3 Aggregate

28、sNormal weight aggregates shall conformto Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall con-form to Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggre-gates shall conform to Specification C637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining a

29、dmixturesshall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 3).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall con-form to Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M asapplicable (Note 3).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining,accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary.

30、Therefore, a range ofdosages should be allowed, which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 4Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or gradesof the materials permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concreteof different properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence

31、 of designated applicable generalspecifications, the purchasers order shall include the follow-ing:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,4Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, FarmingtonHills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5NIST Handbook 105-1 (revis

32、ed 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances forReference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specificationsand Tolerances for Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute ofStandards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http:/www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/upload/105-1.pdf.C94/

33、C94M 1626.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desired at the point of delivery (seeSection 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery(see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.4 Total air content at the point of delivery for concretethat will be exposed to cycles

34、of freezing and thawing oranticipated exposure of the concrete (see Section 8 for sam-pling for air content tests and tolerances).NOTE 5Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary byexposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than thoseshown in Table 1 may be specif

35、ied or used for concrete that is not subjectto freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability andcohesiveness, reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for agiven consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density.Specified total air contents higher than those

36、shown in Table 1 may reducestrength without any further improvement of durability.Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1correspond to the following:Moderate ExposureConcrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but notin contact with the ground or with limited exposure to wate

37、r, limiting theability to cause saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing.The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals.Examples include: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings belowthe frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing

38、 salt is notanticipated. The air content requirements for this exposure are consistentwith those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318.Severe ExposureConcrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while incontact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentiallycausing saturation of a portion of th

39、e concrete prior to freezing. Theconcrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals.Examples include: pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks,canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content require-ments for this exposure are consistent with those for Ex

40、posure Classes F2and F3 of ACI 318.6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basisfor determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilib-rium density,NOTE 6The density of fresh concrete is the only measurabl

41、e densityof lightweight concrete at the time of delivery. The density of freshconcrete is always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density.Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at thetime of delivery, a relationship between the equilibrium density anddensity of fre

42、sh concrete needs to be established. Definitions of, andmethods for determining or calculating equilibrium and oven-dry density,are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete isspecified, the density of fresh concrete, andNOTE 7High-density or heavyweight concr

43、ete typically containsaggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming toSpecification C637. This concrete is used for radiation shielding or otherapplications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance ofdensity at the time of delivery, a relationship between the fresh

44、 density andthe density of hardened concrete required by design should be established.6.1.8 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2in Specification C1602/C1602M.6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as towhen the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolutionlim

45、it is stated by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determineand communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.NOTE 8An example of a drum revolution limit would be “XXX”revolutions.6.2 If a project specification applies, the order shall includeapplicable requirements for the concrete to be

46、produced incompliance with the specification.6.3 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it ispermitted to use cementitious materials in concrete mixturesthat will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirementsof the purcha

47、ser as ordered.6.4 Option A:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer toassume full responsibility for the selection of the proportionsfor the concrete mixture (Note 9), the purchaser shall alsospecify the following:6.4.1.1 Requirements for compressive strength as deter-mined on samples tak

48、en from the transportation unit at thepoint of discharge evaluated in accordance with Section 18.The purchaser shall specify the requirements in terms of thecompressive strength of standard specimens cured under stan-dard laboratory conditions for moist curing (see Section 18).Unless otherwise speci

49、fied the age at test shall be 28 days.NOTE 9The purchaser, in selecting requirements for which heassumes responsibility should give consideration to requirements forworkability, placeability, durability, surface texture, and density, in addi-tion to those for structural design. The purchaser is referred to StandardPractice ACI 211.1 and Standard Practice ACI 211.2 for the selection ofproportions that will result in concrete suitable for various types ofstructures and conditions of exposure. The water-cement ratio of moststructural lightweight concretes c