ASTM C94 C94M-2016a Standard Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete《预拌混凝土的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: C94/C94M 16C94/C94M 16aStandard Specification forReady-Mixed Concrete1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C94/C94M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers ready-mixed concrete as defined

3、 in 3.2.2 (Note 1). Requirements for quality of ready-mixedconcrete shall be either as stated in this specification or as ordered by the purchaser. When the purchasers requirements, as statedin the order, differ from those in this specification, the purchasers requirements shall govern. This specifi

4、cation does not cover theplacement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete after delivery to the purchaser.NOTE 1Concrete produced by volumetric batching and continuous mixing is covered in Specification C685. Fiber-reinforced concrete is covered inSpecification C1116.1.2 The values st

5、ated in either SI units, shown in brackets, or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Thevalues stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance

6、 with the standard.1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces ready-mixed concrete. The purchaser buys ready-mixedconcrete.1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and

7、 figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility ofthe user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applic

8、ability of regulatorylimitations prior to use. (WarningFresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin andtissue upon prolonged use.2)2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the FieldC33/C33M

9、 Specification for Concrete AggregatesC39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete SpecimensC125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete AggregatesC138/C138M Test Method for Density (Unit Weight), Yield, and Air Content (Gravimetric) of ConcreteC143/C143M Test Method f

10、or Slump of Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC150/C150M Specification for Portland CementC172/C172M Practice for Sampling Freshly Mixed ConcreteC173/C173M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Volumetric MethodC231/C231M Test Method for Air Content of Freshly Mixed Concrete by the Pre

11、ssure MethodC260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for ConcreteC330/C330M Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Structural ConcreteC494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for ConcreteC567/C567M Test Method for Determining Density of Structural Lightweight Concrete1 Th

12、is specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C09.40 onReady-Mixed Concrete.Current edition approved March 15, 2016Aug. 1, 2016. Published April 2016August 2016. Originally approved in 1933. Last

13、previous edition approved in 20152016 asC94/C94M 15b. DOI: 10.1520/C0094_C0094M-16.16. DOI: 10.1520/C0094_C0094M-16A.2 See Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02.3 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm

14、.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what cha

15、nges have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the offi

16、cial document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic CementsC618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcin

17、ed Natural Pozzolan for Use in ConcreteC637 Specification for Aggregates for Radiation-Shielding ConcreteC685 Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and Continuous MixingC989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and MortarsC1017/C1017M Specification for Chemical Ad

18、mixtures for Use in Producing Flowing ConcreteC1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement ConcreteC1077 Practice forAgencies Testing Concrete and ConcreteAggregates for Use in Construction and Criteria for TestingAgencyEvaluationC1116 Specification for Fiber-Reinforced

19、 Concrete and ShotcreteC1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic CementC1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious MixturesC1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement ConcreteC1611/C1611M Test Method for Slump Flow of Self-Consolidat

20、ing Concrete2.2 ACI Documents:4ACI 211.1 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Normal, Heavyweight, and Mass ConcreteACI 211.2 Standard Practice for Selecting Proportions for Structural Lightweight ConcreteACI 301 Standard Specifications for Structural ConcreteACI 305R Guide to Hot Weather

21、 ConcretingACI 306R Guide to Cold Weather ConcretingACI 318 Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary2.3 Other Documents:5NIST 105-1 National Institute of Standards and Technology Handbook3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terms used in this specification are defined in Termino

22、logy C125.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 concrete, central-mixed, nready-mixed concrete mixed completely in a stationary mixer.3.2.2 concrete, ready-mixed, nconcrete manufactured and delivered to a purchaser in a fresh state.3.2.3 concrete, shrink-mixed, nready-mixed concre

23、te partially mixed in a stationary mixer with mixing completed in a truckmixer.3.2.4 concrete, truck-mixed, nready-mixed concrete completely mixed in a truck mixer.3.2.5 water, target batch, nquantity of water to be added to the batch through the water measuring system after compensatingfor the quan

24、tity of ice, if used, surface moisture on the aggregates and water in the admixtures, when applicable, and by subtractinga quantity of water that is anticipated to be added at the jobsite or in transit to adjust slump or slump flow of the concrete batch.4. Basis of Purchase4.1 The basis of purchase

25、shall be a cubic yard or cubic metre of fresh concrete as discharged from the transportation unit.4.2 The volume of fresh concrete in a given batch shall be determined from the total mass of the batch divided by the densityof the concrete. The total mass of the batch shall be determined as the net m

26、ass of the concrete in the batch as delivered, includingthe total mixing water as defined in 9.3. The density shall be determined in accordance with Test Method C138/C138M. The yieldshall be determined as the average of at least three measurements, one from each of three different transportation uni

27、ts sampledin accordance with Practice C172/C172M.NOTE 2It should be understood that the volume of hardened concrete may be, or appear to be, less than expected due to waste and spillage,over-excavation, spreading forms, some loss of entrained air, or settlement of wet mixtures, none of which are the

28、 responsibility of the producer.5. Materials5.1 In the absence of designated applicable material specifications, the following material specifications shall be used:5.2 Cementitious Materials:5.2.1 Hydraulic CementHydraulic cement shall conform to Specification C150/C150M, Specification C595/C595M,

29、orSpecification C1157/C1157M.4 Available from American Concrete Institute (ACI), P.O. Box 9094, Farmington Hills, MI 48333-9094, http:/www.concrete.org.5 NIST Handbook 105-1 (revised 1990), “Specifications and Tolerances for Reference Standards and Field Standard Weights and Measures-1. Specificatio

30、ns and Tolerancesfor Field Standard Weights (NIST Class F),” National Institute of Standards and Technology., U.S. Dept. of Commerce, http:/www.nist.gov/pml/wmd/upload/105-1.pdf.C94/C94M 16a25.2.2 Supplementary Cementitious MaterialsCoal fly ash or natural pozzolans shall conform to Specification C6

31、18. Slagcement shall conform to Specification C989/C989M. Silica fume shall conform to Specification C1240.5.3 AggregatesNormal weight aggregates shall conform to Specification C33/C33M. Lightweight aggregates shall conformto Specification C330/C330M and heavyweight aggregates shall conform to Speci

32、fication C637.5.4 WaterWater shall conform to Specification C1602/C1602M.5.5 Air-Entraining AdmixturesAir-entraining admixtures shall conform to Specification C260/C260M (Note 3).5.6 Chemical AdmixturesChemical admixtures shall conform to Specification C494/C494M or C1017/C1017M as applicable(Note 3

33、).NOTE 3In any given instance, the required dosage of air-entraining, accelerating, and retarding admixtures may vary. Therefore, a range of dosagesshould be allowed, which will permit obtaining the desired effect.NOTE 4Interchanging kinds, characteristics, types, classes, or grades of the materials

34、 permitted in ready-mixed concrete may produce concrete ofdifferent properties.6. Ordering Information6.1 In the absence of designated applicable general specifications, the purchasers order shall include the following:6.1.1 Designated size, or sizes, of coarse aggregate,6.1.2 Slump, or slumps, desi

35、red at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.3 Slump flow, or flows, desired at the point of delivery (see Section 7 for acceptable tolerances),6.1.4 Total air content at the point of delivery for concrete that will be exposed to cycles of freezing and thawing or antici

36、patedexposure of the concrete (see Section 8 for sampling for air content tests and tolerances).NOTE 5Table 1 provides total air contents for concrete that vary by exposure condition and aggregate size. Total air contents less than those shownin Table 1 may be specified or used for concrete that is

37、not subject to freezing and thawing. This may be done to improve workability and cohesiveness,reduce the rate of bleeding, reduce the water content for a given consistency, or achieve required lightweight concrete density. Specified total air contentshigher than those shown in Table 1 may reduce str

38、ength without any further improvement of durability.Exposure conditions for freezing and thawing environments in Table 1 correspond to the following:Moderate ExposureConcrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles but not in contact with the ground or with limited exposure to water, limiting the abilityto ca

39、use saturation of a portion of the concrete prior to freezing. The concrete shall not receive deicing salts or other aggressive chemicals. Examplesinclude: exterior beams, columns, walls, girders, footings below the frost line, or elevated slabs where application of deicing salt is not anticipated.

40、Theair content requirements for this exposure are consistent with those for Exposure Class F1 of ACI 318.Severe ExposureConcrete exposed to freeze-thaw cycles while in contact with the ground or with frequent exposure to water, potentially causingsaturation of a portion of the concrete prior to free

41、zing. The concrete may receive deicing chemicals or other aggressive chemicals. Examples include:pavements, bridge decks, curbs, gutters, sidewalks, canal linings, or exterior water tanks or sumps. The air content requirements for this exposure areconsistent with those for Exposure Classes F2 and F3

42、 of ACI 318.6.1.5 Which of Options A, B, or C shall be used as a basis for determining the proportions of the concrete to produce therequired quality,6.1.6 When lightweight concrete is specified, the equilibrium density,NOTE 6The density of fresh concrete is the only measurable density of lightweigh

43、t concrete at the time of delivery. The density of fresh concreteis always higher than the equilibrium or oven-dry density. Therefore, for acceptance of lightweight concrete based on density at the time of delivery, arelationship between the equilibrium density and density of fresh concrete needs to

44、 be established. Definitions of, and methods for determining orcalculating equilibrium and oven-dry density, are covered by Test Method C567/C567M.6.1.7 When high-density or heavyweight concrete is specified, the density of fresh concrete, andNOTE 7High-density or heavyweight concrete typically cont

45、ains aggregate with a relative density of 3.3 or greater conforming to Specification C637.This concrete is used for radiation shielding or other applications where higher density is required by design. For acceptance of density at the time ofdelivery, a relationship between the fresh density and the

46、 density of hardened concrete required by design should be established.6.1.8 If desired, any of the optional requirements of Table 2 in Specification C1602/C1602M.6.1.9 Purchaser shall state any drum revolution limit as to when the concrete discharge must begin. If no drum revolution limitis stated

47、by purchaser, the manufacturer shall determine and communicate the limit to the purchaser prior to delivery.NOTE 8An example of a drum revolution limit would be “XXX” revolutions.6.2 If a project specification applies, the order shall include applicable requirements for the concrete to be produced i

48、ncompliance with the specification.TABLE 1 Total Air Content for Air-Entrained Concrete Exposed to Cycles of Freezing and ThawingTotal Air Content, %ExposureCondition(See Note 5)Nominal Maximum Sizes of Aggregate, mm in.9.5 38 12.5 12 19.0 34 25.0 1 37.5 112 50.0 2 75.0 3Moderate 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5 4.5

49、 4.0 3.5Severe 7.5 7.0 6.0 6.0 5.5 5.0 4.5C94/C94M 16a36.3 If the type, kind, or class of cementitious materials in 5.2.1 and 5.2.2 are not designated by the purchaser, it is permittedto use cementitious materials in concrete mixtures that will satisfy the concrete properties and other requirements of the purchaseras ordered.6.4 Option A:6.4.1 When the purchaser requires the manufacturer to assume full responsibility for the selection of the proportions for theconcrete mixture (Note 98), the purchaser shall also specify the fo