1、Designation: C 945 05Standard Practice forDesign Considerations and Spray Application of a RigidCellular Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor ServiceVessels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 945; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice concerns itself with the substrate prepara-tion and p
3、riming, the selection of the rigid cellular polyure-thane system, and the protective insulation coatings for outdoorservice equipment.NOTE 1For the purpose of this practice, polyurethane is defined tomean either polyurethane or polyisocyanurate and is hereafter referred toas “PUR/PIR.”1.2 The values
4、 given in inch-pound are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard may involve hazardous materials, opera-tions, and equipment. This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety problems associated with its use. It isthe respons
5、ibility of the user of this standard to establishappropriate safety and health practices and determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C 168 Terminology Relating to Thermal InsulationD 883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD 1600 Termi
6、nology for Abbreviated Terms Relating toPlasticsD 2200 Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for PaintingSteel Surfaces2.2 American National Standards:Z87.1 Practice for Occupational and Educational Eye andFace Protection32.3 Clemtex Limited Standard:“Anchor Pattern Standard”42.4 National Associat
7、ion of Corrosion Engineers Standard:TM-01-70 Visual Surface Preparation Panels52.5 Other Documents:Safety Precautions in Handling and Spraying of PUR/PIRSystems6,73. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsDefinitions included in TerminologyC 168, Definitions D 883, and Abbreviations D 1600 apply tothe terms used
8、 in this standard.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 blastingthe process of cleaning surfaces by use ofabrasive particles propelled at high velocity upon the surface tobe cleaned.3.2.2 coatings/coveringsultraviolet ray-absorbing andwater-shedding protective materials applied ov
9、er the urethanefoam.3.2.3 density:3.2.3.1 in-place density the weight per unit volume of thecross section of foam from substrate to exposed surface,including all skins (or surfaces).3.2.3.2 core density the weight per unit volume of a singlelayer of foam excluding top and bottom skins or (if present
10、)interlayer skins.3.2.4 foam systemappropriate formulations of two liquidcomponents, polyisocyanate, or A side, and polyol, or B side,for intended applications.3.2.5 ignition barriercement plaster or equivalentcoating/covering providing a resistance to ignition of the foaminsulation acceptable to th
11、e concerned building or fire depart-ment(s), or both. (Designated UL test is optional.)1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C16 on ThermalInsulation and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C16.40 on InsulationSystems.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2005. Published Oc
12、tober 2005. Originallyapproved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as C94581 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Docume
13、nt Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.4Available from Clemtex Ltd., P.O. Box 15214, Houston, TX 77020.5Available from the NationalAssociation of Corrosion Engineers, 1440 S. CreekDr., Houston, TX
14、77084.6Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance (SPFA), 4400 Fair Lakes Ct, Suite 105,Fairfax, Va (website sprayfoam.org)7Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry (API), 1300 Wilson Blvd Suite 800,Arlington, VA 22209 (website, polyurethanes.org)1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700
15、, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Significance and Use4.1 This practice facilitates the selection and application ofan insulation system for use at service temperatures be-tween 30 and + 107C (22 and + 225F). Although thesuccessful installation of spray-applied PUR/PIR is influenc
16、edby many factors, this practice treats those four areas found tobe of major importance:(1) Substrate preparation,(2) Substrate priming,(3) Insulation application, and(4) Protective coatings.4.2 Abrasive blasting, primer application, spray applicationof the insulation, and protective coating applica
17、tion eachcontribute their unique health and safety hazards to the job siteand will be dealt with in more detail under their respectiveheadings.5. Substrate Preparation5.1 Proper substrate preparation is mandatory to obtain asuccessful foam application. These preparation methods mustremove any contam
18、inants that will interfere with developmentof the maximum adhesion of the urethane foam. The method(s)chosen are dependent upon the contaminants present on thesurface and the end-use design service temperature.5.1.1 Previously Coated Iron and Steel SurfacesThe ad-hesion of spray-applied urethane to
19、previously coated surfacesis directly influenced by the age, type, and condition of thesurface. For this reason any coating that exhibits chalking,peeling, or other evidence of failure or damage must beremoved and an appropriate primer applied. Abrasive blastingis recommended. If blasting is to be a
20、ccomplished, all itemslisted under Section 6 should be followed. In all cases, thecoated substrate must be cleaned and free of rust, grease, oil,dirt, dust, moisture, etc., immediately prior to foam spraying byone or more of the following methods: ( a) wash with waterand allow to dry, (b) brush, (c)
21、 broom, or (d) air blast.5.1.2 New Iron or Steel SurfacesField blasting and prim-ing is recommended. All blasting is to be accomplished inaccordance with items listed in Section 6. Shop preparation isalso acceptable with proper field surface preparation of theweld joints and all damaged areas. In al
22、l cases, the substrate tobe sprayed with foam shall be free of rust, grease, oil, looseparticles, and mill scale, moisture, dirt, etc. After priming iscomplete, all areas that are specified to be insulated shall bewashed with water and allowed to dry, brushed, broomed, orair-blasted prior to applyin
23、g the insulation.NOTE 2Caution: Be sure the primer is useable at the design tempera-ture and acceptable under the foam insulation.5.1.3 Galvanized Metal SurfacesClean with an acceptablesolvent, wash with water to remove deposits, spray with anacceptable wash primer, and then coat all areas with anac
24、ceptable primer or coating.NOTE 3This procedure is not always required depending on the age ofthe metal, exposure, and use.5.1.4 Aluminum SurfacesDegrease with appropriate sol-vents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommended primeror coating.5.1.5 Stainless Steel SurfacesDegrease with appropria
25、tesolvents. Coat the clean, dry surface with a recommendedprimer or coating. (Chloride-free materials are recommendedon surfaces operating above 140F (60C).)6. Recommended Blasting Procedures6.1 All surfaces to be primed or coated shall be prepared tothe degree of cleanliness and surface profile as
26、recommendedby the primer supplier. Pictorial D 2200 shall be used as thestandard. Blast-cleaned surface acceptance will be by one ormore of the following visual comparison methods:“ AnchorPattern Standards” NACE Visual Surface Preparation Panels(Standard TM-01-70), and Pictorial D 2200.6.2 All weldi
27、ng, burning, etc., shall be completed prior tothe blasting operation.6.3 Remove any grease or oil with a petroleum solvent orwater-detergent solution. All flux, spatter, slag, or other lami-nations left from welding must be chipped or ground off.Rough welds and other sharp projections should be grou
28、ndsmooth by the fabricator prior to the blasting operation.6.4 Sandblast sand shall be sharp, graded flint or silica sand(16 to 30 mesh). Where inorganic zinc coatings are applied, thesurface preparation shall be abrasive blasted using 16 to30-mesh sand, G40 to 50 grit, or an equivalent abrasive tha
29、twill provide a similar surface profile.All abrasives shall be freeof all dust, dirt, and other foreign matter. They shall be kept dryand free of oil at all times.MANDATORY HEALTH AND SAFETYPRECAUTIONS FOR BLASTING OPERATIONS6.4.1 Effective oil and water traps shall be used to ensureclean, dry air s
30、upply to the abrasive pot. Water shall becontinuously bled from the moisture trap.6.4.2 A“dead-man” valve shall be used on all blast nozzles.6.4.3 All blast hoses shall have an antistatic lining.6.4.4 All blast nozzles shall be properly grounded.6.4.5 Nozzle blast operators exposed to blasting dust
31、shallwear a U.S. Bureau of Mines-approved helmet connected to aclean, breathable compressed air source.6.4.6 All others exposed to blasting dust shall wear a U.S.Bureau of Mines-approved filter-type respirator. Adequatepersonnel protection from flying particles shall be provided inany blasting opera
32、tion.6.4.7 If at any time the blasting equipment and materialspecifications are not being met, the owner may suspend theoperation.6.4.8 Blasted surfaces shall not be allowed to become wet ordulled by oxidation to a point where visible rusting hasoccurred.6.4.9 All surfaces shall be primed during the
33、 same day thatthey are blasted.6.4.10 Surface cleanliness and profile depth shall be suitablefor the metal primer to be used. These conditions shall bemonitored in accordance with the visual comparison methodsspecified herein.6.4.11 Surfaces inspected and found to not meet the criteriaoutlined in 6.
34、1-6.4 must be blasted again.C9450527. Selection of Metal Primer7.1 The following items shall be considered when choosinga metal primer:7.1.1 Surface preparation required,7.1.2 Foam adhesion, substrate adhesion, and heat resis-tance at the maximum and minimum vessel operating tempera-tures, and7.1.3
35、Corrosion resistance to spilled vessel contents.7.2 Listed below are general application recommendations,which may vary depending on the type of primer selected:7.2.1 The manufacturers recommendations for thinning,mixing, handling, and applying his products shall be consid-ered a part of this practi
36、ce.7.2.2 All bolts, welds, faying surfaces, sharp edges, anddifficult access areas shall receive a primer spot-coat prior toprimer spray application.7.2.3 The primer shall be applied in a fashion to obtaincomplete coverage.7.2.4 Primer shall not be applied during rain, snow, fog,mist, high relative
37、humidity, or low metal temperatures. Therelative humidity and dew point shall be determined at the jobsite using a surface thermometer and wet/dry bulb slingpsychrometer.7.2.4.1 Priming of the metal shall not be permitted when thetemperature of the metal is at or below the dew point or abovethe dew
38、point and falling with the temperature expected toreach the dew point before the application is complete. Primingshall be permitted when the temperature is above the dew pointand rising or expected to remain above the dew point whileapplication is taking place.7.2.5 Primer shall be applied to a clea
39、n, dry substrate free ofdirt, sand, and loose foreign matter.7.2.6 The substrate shall be prepared in accordance withSection 5 prior to metal primer application. Any metal oxidiz-ing or developing rust prior to primer application shall bereturned to the specified degree of surface preparation.7.2.7
40、After the primer has been applied and allowed to dry,inspect the primer for holidays and adequate dry film thickness.Where inadequate dry film thickness or holidays exist, addi-tional material shall be applied or the surface reconditioned andthe primer reapplied. Same as 7.2.6.7.2.8 Primer spray app
41、lication equipment shall be thatrecommended by the coating manufacturer. Compressed airsources shall have moisture traps. Before spray applicationbegins, all hoses and guns shall be solvent-flushed and in-spected to ensure that no moisture is present.7.2.9 All flames, sparks, welding, and smoking sh
42、all beprohibited in the application area.7.2.10 All affected items, in the surrounding area, shall beprotected from overspray.7.2.11 Spray guns must be held perpendicular to the surfacebeing painted and adjusted so that dry overspray is minimized.8. Selection of the Foam System8.1 A wide range of fo
43、am systems is available in variousdensities, each exhibiting different temperature limitations,combustibility characteristics, etc. The use of these systems incombination with each other or with conventional insulationproducts offer a broad range of economical installations.8.2 Published properties
44、are usually determined onlaboratory-produced samples. The thickness of foam sprayed,number of passes, temperature of the substrate, ambienttemperatures, etc., have a pronounced effect on all properties.8.3 Resistance to chemical attack from in-service exposureshall be considered in the selection of
45、the proper foam system.The degree of possible damage to the foam system is deter-mined by the amount of the chemical, its type, temperature,and duration of contact.8.4 Listed below are several items that shall be consideredin the selection of the foam system:8.4.1 Insulation temperature limitation v
46、ersus vessel oper-ating design temperature,8.4.2 Dimensional stability under simulated service condi-tions,8.4.3 Combustibility characteristics,8.4.4 Application conditions (substrate and ambient tem-peratures, etc.),8.4.5 History of similar application or laboratory data relat-ing to the applicatio
47、n in question,8.4.6 Compressive strength,8.4.7 Adhesion to substrate, and8.4.8 Thermal resistance.8.5 Handling of Foam System Materials:8.5.1 Materials shall be stored in accordance with themanufacturers recommendations.8.5.2 All materials associated with the foam system shall bedelivered to the job
48、 site in unopened standard commercialcontainers bearing the manufacturers original label with thefollowing information:8.5.2.1 Name of manufacturer,8.5.2.2 Name of contents,8.5.2.3 Net weight of contents,8.5.2.4 Lot or batch number,8.5.2.5 Recommended storage temperature range,8.5.2.6 A “caution” la
49、bel giving safety instructions forhandling and storage temperature range,8.5.2.7 Mixing instructions, and8.5.2.8 Listing agency label, if applicable, plus Certificateof Conformance. The contractor shall keep a record of thisinformation throughout the guarantee period.8.5.3 Containers shall not be opened until ready for imme-diate use. Undue agitation of containers shall be avoided.8.5.4 In the case of bulk shipments, the spray foam contrac-tor may transfer each of the urethane components into appro-priately sized clean dry containers or containers that haveprev
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