1、Designation: C969M 02 (Reapproved 2009)C969M 17Standard Practice forInfiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of InstalledPrecast Concrete Pipe Sewer Lines (Metric)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C969M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year o
2、foriginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures for testing installed prec
3、ast concrete pipe sewer lines using either water infiltration orexfiltration acceptance limits to demonstrate the integrity of the installed materials and construction procedure.1.2 This practice is the SI companion of Practice C969.NOTE 1The owner shall specify the following: who will conduct, obse
4、rve, and furnish labor, furnish material and measuring devices, and pay forthe tests; who is responsible for determining local groundwater conditions; and which test is to be conducted, that is, an infiltration test or an exfiltrationtest.NOTE 2The user of this practice is advised that test criteria
5、 presented in this practice are similar to those in general use. Pipe, 600-mm diameter orlarger, may be accepted by visual inspection when testing for infiltration.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof th
6、e user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardizationestablished in the Decision on P
7、rinciples for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issuedby the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products3. Terminology3.1 Definitio
8、nsFor definitions of terms relating to concrete pipe, see Terminology C822.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Determine the groundwater conditions surrounding the section of sewer to be tested and select the type of test to beconducted.4.2 For the infiltration test, the amount of water leaking into the sewer
9、 line is measured, and the rate of infiltration is determined.If the rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.4.3 For the exfiltration test, the sewer line is filled with water to the specified test head and the rate of water loss is determined.If
10、the rate is less than or equal to the allowable limit, the section of sewer tested is acceptable.5. Significance and Use5.1 This is not a routine test. The values recorded are applicable only to the sewer being tested and at the time of testing.6. Preparation of the Sewer Line6.1 The sewer line shal
11、l be free of debris prior to testing.1 This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.09 on Methods of Test.Current edition approved June 1, 2009April 15, 2017. Published July 2009May 2017. Originally approved in 19
12、82. Last previous edition approved in 20022009 asC969M 02.C969M 02(2009). DOI: 10.1520/C0969M-02R09.10.1520/C0969M-17.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to
13、 the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes
14、 accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. Unite
15、d States16.2 The manholes, the ends of the branches, laterals, wyes, and stubs to be included in the test shall be plugged. All plugs shallbe secured to prevent leakage blowout due to testing pressure.7. Procedure7.1 Infiltration Testing:7.1.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more
16、than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exceed213 m.7.1.2 Stop all dewatering operations and allow the groundwater to return to its normal level. Infiltration testing shall not be usedunless the groundwater level is at least 0.6 m above the crown of the pipe for the entire length of t
17、he test section.7.1.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstream manhole.7.1.4 Measure the groundwater elevation and determine the average head over the test section.7.1.5 Measure infiltration leakage at the outlet of the test section. Because leakage allowances are small, measurements are
18、bestmade by either timing the filling of a small container of known volume, or by directing flow into a container for a specified timeand measuring the content, or by using small weirs.7.1.6 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.1, the se
19、ction of sewertested is acceptable.7.1.7 If the test section tails, it is not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice.7.2 Exfiltration Testing:7.2.1 Conduct testing from manhole to manhole or between more than two manholes. The length of main tested shall not exc
20、eed213 m.7.2.2 Determine the groundwater elevation at both ends of the test section. If the groundwater level is less than 0.6 m abovethe crown of the pipe measured from the highest elevation of the sewer, the exfiltration test shall be used.7.2.3 Plug all pipe outlets discharging into the upstream
21、manhole and the test section outlet, and fill the sewer line with water.7.2.4 At the upstream manhole, the test head shall be established as a minimum of 0.6 m above the crown of the pipe, or at least0.6 m above existing groundwater, whichever is higher.7.2.5 Allow the pipe to remain saturated for a
22、 period long enough to allow water absorption in the pipe, a minimum of 4 h andup to a maximum of 72 h. After the absorption period, refill the pipe to the required test head.7.2.6 Measure the leakage loss over a timed test period. The minimum test period shall be 15 min and the maximum shall notexc
23、eed 24 h.7.2.7 If the measured rate of leakage is less than or equal to the allowable leakage in accordance with 8.2, the section of sewertested is acceptable.7.2.8 If the test section fails, it is not prohibited that it be repaired and retested in accordance with this practice. The groundwatereleva
24、tion shall be redetermined prior to a second test and the test head adjusted, if necessary, in accordance with 7.2.4.8. Leakage Criteria8.1 Infiltration Testing:8.1.1 For infiltration testing, the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 18.5 L/(mm of internal diameter) (km of sewer)(24 h) when
25、 the average head on the test section is 1.8 m or less.NOTE 3The average head on the test section is the head above the crown of the pipe at the upstream manhole plus the head above the crown of thepipe at the downstream manhole divided by two.8.1.2 When the average groundwater head on the test sect
26、ion is greater than 1.8 m, the allowable leakage shall be increased inproportion to the ratio of the square root of the average groundwater head to the square root of the base head of 1.8 m.8.1.3 Manholes shall be tested separately and independently or with the pipeline with the allowance of 4 L/(m
27、of diameter) (mof head) (h). If building or house leads are connected to the main line being tested, allowance shall be made for permissible leakagein such leads.8.2 Exfiltration Testing:8.2.1 For exfiltration testing, the allowable leakage limit including manholes is 18.5 L/(mm of internal diameter
28、) (km of sewer)(24 h) when the average head on the test section is 0.9 m or less.8.2.2 When the average head on the test section is greater than 0.9 m, 1.8 m, the allowable leakage shall be multiplied by theratio of the square root of the average test head and the square root of the base head of 0.9
29、 m.1.8 m.8.2.3 Manholes may be tested separately and independently or with the pipeline with an allowance of 4 L/(m of diameter) (mof head) (h).9. Calculation9.1 Sample calculations are presented in the Appendix.C969M 17210. Precision and Bias10.1 No justifiable statement shall be made either on pre
30、cision or on bias of these procedures since the test results merely statewhether there is conformance to the criteria for the success specified. Due to the sealing effects of groundwater, internal flow inthe sewerline, and test water, the test conditions and results are not reproducible.APPENDIX(Non
31、mandatory Information)X1. APPLICATION OF THE PRACTICEX1.1 The following examples have been prepared to demonstrate the technique of applying this practice:X1.1.1 Example 1: A sewer line is to be tested for infiltration. The sewer line is a 300-mm diameter pipe with the groundwaterhead over the upstr
32、eam manhole of 2.7 m and a groundwater head over the downstream manhole of 3.3 m. The distance betweenmanholes is 120 m.X1.1.1.1 Find: The appropriate allowable rate of infiltration leakage per hour of test.X1.1.1.2 Solution: The average test head in metres is:Test head52.713.3!/2#53 (X1.1)Since the
33、 test head is greater than the base head (1.8 m), the allowable rate of 18.5 L (mm diameter) (km) (24 h) must bemultiplied by the ratio of the square root of the average groundwater head (3 m) and the square root of the base head (1.8 m) or:Allowable leakage518.53=3/=1.8 (X1.2)523.9 L/mm diameter!km
34、!24 h! (X1.3)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for the above line in litres per hour gives: Allowable leakage:23.9 300 diameter! 3120 m!24 h! 31000 m/km! 535.8 (X1.4)X1.1.1.3 Answer: 35.8 L/h.X1.1.2 Example 2: A sewer line is to be tested for exfiltration as the groundwater level is b
35、elow the crown of the pipe at theupstream manhole. The sewer line is a 450-mm diameter pipe with a specified test head of 0.6 m over the crown of the pipe atthe upstream manhole. The sewer line test section is 120 m long between manholes on a slope of 1.0 %.X1.1.2.1 Find: The appropriate allowable r
36、ate of exfiltration leakage per hour of test.X1.1.2.2 Solution: The average test head in metres is:Test head512030.110.6!10.62 51.2 (X1.5)Since the test head is greater than the base head (0.9 m), the allowable rate of 18.5 L/(mm diameter) (km) (24 h) is multipliedby the ratio of the square root of
37、the test head and the square root of the base head (0.9 m) or:Allowable leakage518.5=1.2/=0.9 (X1.6)521.4 L/mm diameter!km!24 h! (X1.7)Conversion of this rate to the allowable leakage for the above line in litres per hour gives:Allowable leakage521.4 450 dia!3120 m!24 h! 31000 m/km! 548.2 (X1.8)X1.1
38、.2.3 Answer: 48.2 L/h.C969M 173ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof i
39、nfringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this stan
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41、iews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contac
42、ting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 174
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