ASTM C97 C97M-2018 Standard Test Methods for Absorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone.pdf

1、Designation: C97/C97M 18Standard Test Methods forAbsorption and Bulk Specific Gravity of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C97/C97M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last

2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the tests for determining theabsorption and bulk specific gravity of all types of dimensionstone,

3、 except slate.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-co

4、nformancewith the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulato

5、ry limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organ

6、ization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension StoneC1799 Guide to Dimension Stone Test Specimen Samplingand Preparation3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Signi

7、ficance and Use4.1 These test methods are useful in indicating the differ-ences in absorption between the various dimension stones.These test methods also provide one element in comparingstones of the same type.5. Sampling5.1 The sample shall be selected to represent a true averageof the type or gra

8、de of stone under consideration and shall beof the quality supplied to the market under the type designationto be tested. The sample may be selected by the purchaser orhis authorized representative from the quarried stone or takenfrom the natural ledge and shall be of adequate size to permitthe prep

9、aration of at least five test specimens. When percep-tible variations occur, the purchaser may select as manysamples as are necessary for determining the range in proper-ties.NOTE 1Refer to Guide C1799 for additional information on selecting,preparing, and conditioning test specimens.6. Test Specime

10、ns6.1 The specimens may be cubes, prisms, cylinders, or anyregular form with least dimension not under 2 in. 50 mm andgreatest dimension not over 3 in. 75 mm but the ratio ofvolume to surface area shall not be less than 0.3 nor greaterthan 0.5 when measuring in inches 8 and 12.5 when measuringin mil

11、limetres. All surfaces shall be reasonably smooth. Sawor core drill surfaces are considered satisfactory, but roughersurfaces shall be finished with No. 80 abrasive. No chisels orsimilar tools shall be used at any stage of preparing thespecimens.6.2 Prepare at least five specimens from each sample.6

12、.3 The same specimens may be used to determine bothwater absorption and bulk specific gravity. In this case, followthe procedures in 7.1 7.3 and 8.1, and issue a single reportcontaining all information required in Sections 10 and 11.Alternatively, separate specimens may be prepared from thesame or d

13、ifferent samples. In this case, follow the applicableprocedure for separate determination and reporting of waterabsorption or bulk specific gravity, or both.7. Procedure Absorption7.1 Dry the specimens for 48 h in a ventilated oven at atemperature of 140 6 4F 60 6 2C. At the 46th, 47th, and48th hour

14、, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is the1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved May 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1930.

15、Last previous edition approved in 2015 as C97/C97M15. DOI:10.1520/C0097_C0097M-18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary pag

16、e onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for th

17、eDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.1same. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three successive hourly readings withthe same weight.7.2 After d

18、rying, cool the specimens in the room for 30 minand weigh. When the specimens cannot be weighed immedi-ately after cooling, store them in a desiccator. Determine theweights to the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g.7.3 Immerse the specimens completely in filtered or dis-tilled water at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C for 48

19、h.At the end of thisperiod remove them from the water bath one at a time, surfacedry with a damp cloth, and weigh to the nearest 0.0005 oz0.01 g.8. Procedure Bulk Specific Gravity8.1 When both absorption and bulk specific gravity are to bedetermined on the same specimens, weigh the saturated speci-m

20、ens suspended in filtered or distilled water at 72 6 4F 22 62C immediately after the absorption tests are completed.Determine the suspended weights to the nearest 0.0005 oz0.01 g.8.2 A satisfactory means of weighing specimens in water isto use a wire basket similar to that illustrated in Fig. 1 tosu

21、spend the specimen in a vessel of water. The water vesselshall be large enough so that only the suspending cable of thebasket passes through the water surface. Ensure air bubbles areremoved from the basket and specimen before recording theweight.8.2.1 The water vessel can be supported on the balance

22、 panwith the basket suspended from a frame also supported on abalance pan, as illustrated in Fig. 1. Determine the weight ofthe basket when suspended in water to the same depth as whenweighing specimens therein. Subtract the weight of the basketto the nearest 0.0005 oz 0.01 g from the combined weigh

23、t ofthe specimen and basket.8.2.2 The basket can be suspended beneath an electronicbalance with the water vessel supported independently, asillustrated in Fig. 2. Zero the balance with the basket suspendedin water to the same depth as when weighing specimens.8.3 When the bulk specific gravity test i

24、s made on speci-mens other than those used for absorption, determine the dryweights as in 7.1 and 7.2. Immerse the specimens in filtered ordistilled water at 72 6 4F 22 6 2C for at least1horuntilair bubbles do not form on the specimens within 5 min. Surfacedry the specimens as in 7.3, weigh to the n

25、earest 0.0005 oz0.01 g, and return to the water bath. Determine the weights ofthe specimens suspended in water in accordance with 8.2before the specimens have stood in the water more than 5 min.ASpecimen. G Loop for attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of

26、 basket.D Bottom of basket of No. 13B for example, drystoneweight per cubic foot cubic meter = bulk specific gravity 62.4 1000.10. Report10.1 Report the following:10.1.1 Date.10.1.2 Testing agency.10.1.3 Personnel responsible for reporting the test results.10.1.4 Identification of the samples, inclu

27、ding name andlocation of the quarry, name or position of the ledge (ifapplicable), date when each sample was taken, trade name ofstone, and the classification or grade of stone.10.1.5 Stone type (as described by the sample provider, thatis, brownstone, granite, limestone, marble, slate, etc.).10.1.6

28、 Specimen dimensions.10.1.7 Individual test results for each specimen.10.1.7.1 Weight of dried specimen.10.1.7.2 Weight of soaked and surface-dried specimen inair.10.1.7.3 Percentage water absorption by weight of speci-men.10.1.7.4 Weight of soaked specimen suspended in water.10.1.7.5 Bulk specific

29、gravity.10.1.8 Average value of the test results for absorption.10.1.9 Standard deviation(s) of the test results for absorp-tion.10.1.10 Average value of the test results for bulk specificgravity.10.1.11 Standard deviation(s) of the test results for bulkspecific gravity.10.1.12 Statements describing

30、 deviations from the above-described testing procedures, as well as any variance from thetest specimen dimensional and preparatory requirements.11. Precision and Bias11.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when suf

31、ficient data are available to indicate in repeat-ability and reproducibility.12. Keywords12.1 absorption; bulk specific gravity; dimension stone;stone; testASpecimen. G Loop for attachment to stirrup ofBSuspension basket. balance.CBrass ring. HCutaway section of basket.D Bottom of basket of No. 13B or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 184