ASTM C99-2008 Standard Test Method for Modulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone.pdf

1、Designation: C 99 08Standard Test Method forModulus of Rupture of Dimension Stone1This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 99; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of originaladoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in pare

2、ntheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscriptepsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the modu-lus of rupture

3、 of all types of dimension stone except slate.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regul

4、atory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C119 Terminology Relating to Dimension Stone3. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsAll definitions are in accordance with Ter-minology C119.4. Significance and Use4.1 This test method is useful in indicating the differences inmodulus of

5、 rupture between the various dimension stones. Thistest method also provides one element in comparing stones ofthe same type.5. Apparatus5.1 Testing Machine The accuracy of the testing machineshall be within 1 % for the range from 10 to 1000 lbf (44 to4450 N).5.2 Load Application and Support Blocks

6、The supportsfor the specimen shall be of the rocker type (Fig. 1) with edgesat least as long as the width of the specimen. The loadapplication block may be of either the rocker or rigid type. Theportions of the load application and support blocks contactingthe stone shall be rounded, with a nominal

7、radius of12 in. (13mm).6. Sampling6.1 Select the sample to represent a true average of the typeor grade of stone under consideration and of the qualitysupplied to the market under the type designation to be tested.The sample may be selected by the purchaser or his authorizedrepresentative from the q

8、uarried stone or taken from the naturalledge and shall be of adequate size to permit the preparation ofthe desired number of test specimens. When perceptiblevariations occur, the purchaser may select as many samples asare necessary for determining the variations in modulus ofrupture.7. Test Specimen

9、s7.1 The specimens shall be 4 by 8 by 214 in. (102 by 203 by57 mm) in size and fabricated to tolerances of 6116 in. (62mm). They shall be sawed from the sample and finished bygrinding to smooth surfaces. The 4 by 8-in. (102 by 203-mm)faces shall be as nearly plane and parallel as practicable. Forloa

10、ding perpendicular to the rift (Note 1) five specimens shallbe prepared with the 4 by 8-in. (102 by 203-mm) faces parallelto the rift planes (see Fig. 1), and for loading parallel to the rift,five specimens shall be prepared with the 4 by 214-in. (102 by57- mm) faces parallel to the rift (Note 2). W

11、hen tests aredesired on the stone in both the wet and dry condition, tenspecimens shall be prepared for each direction of loading; thatis, five for tests dry, perpendicular to the rift, five for tests wet,perpendicular to the rift, etc.NOTE 1The term rift is used here to designate the direction in w

12、hichthe stone splits most easily. In stratified stones it is considered to coincidewith the bedding or stratification. The rift direction should always bemarked on the sample by the quarryman, since it often is not possible todetermine it on a small block.1This test method is under the jurisdiction

13、of ASTM Committee C18 onDimension Stone and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C18.01 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008. Published January 2009. Originallyapproved in 1931. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as C 99 87(2006).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the

14、ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, Un

15、ited States.NOTE 2Another condition of loading may occur in structures whenthe rift planes are vertical and parallel to the length of the beam. Thestrength of the stone may be obtained for such loading by cutting thespecimens with the 214 by 8-in. (57 by 203-mm) face parallel to the rift.The meager

16、data available for this condition of loading indicates that thestrength is at least as high as when the load is applied perpendicular to therift as shown in Fig. 1.8. Marking and Measuring Specimens8.1 On the 4 by 8-in. (102 by 203-mm) face draw the centerline perpendicular to one edge (8 by 214-in.

17、 (203 by 57-mm)face) and extend down both edges perpendicular to the 4 by8-in. (102 by 203-mm) face. At a distance of 312 in. (89 mm)each way from the center line, draw two similar sets of lines(span lines in Fig. 1). Mark each specimen to indicate thedirection of the rift and label with suitable nu

18、mbers or lettersfor identification in measuring and testing.8.2 Measure the dimensions of the cross section on thecenter line. Measure the width to the nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm)and take the thickness as the average of three measurements tothe nearest 0.01 in. (0.25 mm), one taken at the center and

19、onenear each edge.9. Conditioning9.1 Before testing the specimens in a dry condition, drythem for 48 h at 60 6 2C (140 6 4F). At the 46th, 47th and48th hour, weigh the specimens to ensure that the weight is thesame. If the weight continues to drop, continue to dry thespecimens until there are three

20、successive hourly readings withthe same weight. After removing the specimens from the oven,cool them to room temperature in a desiccator before testingthem.9.2 Before testing the specimens in a wet condition, im-merse them in water for 48 h at 22 6 2C (72 6 4F). Testthem immediately upon removal fro

21、m the bath, wiping thespecimens free of surface water.FIG. 1 Specimens and Preferred Type of Load Application and Support Blocks for Determining the Modulus of Rupture of BuildingStoneC9908210. Procedure10.1 Lay the specimen flatwise on the support blocks,spaced 7 in. (178 mm) apart and equidistant

22、from the loadapplication block (Note 3), with all three load application andsupport blocks parallel. When a load of 10 lbf (44 N) has beenapplied, stop the loading and make all load application andsupport blocks coincide with the marks on the specimen bycentering the specimen under the load applicat

23、ion block andmoving the support blocks under the span marks. Apply theloading at a rate not exceeding 1000 lbf/min (4450 N/min) untilfailure of the specimen.NOTE 3When all three load application and support blocks are of therocker type, care must be taken to adjust all three until the top face of th

24、especimen is horizontal when loaded.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the modulus of rupture of each specimen asfollows:R 5 3Wl/2bd2(1)where:R = modulus of rupture, psi (or MPa),W = breaking load, lbf (or N),l = length of span, in. (or mm),b = width of specimen, in. (or mm). andd = thickness of specimen

25、, in. (or mm),12. Report12.1 Report the average of all values of modulus of rupturefor test specimens loaded perpendicular to the rift as themodulus of rupture perpendicular to the rift, and report theaverage for all test specimens loaded parallel to the rift as themodulus of rupture parallel to the

26、 rift. In case any specimengives a value of as much as 20 % under the average it shall beexamined for defects and, if the low value appears to be due toa flaw or faulty test piece, report the average of the remainingspecimens of the group as the modulus of rupture of the samplefor the condition of l

27、oading under consideration. Report alldeterminations as information.12.2 Report the following additional information:12.2.1 Identification of the sample, including the name andlocation of the quarry, name and position of the ledge, datewhen sample was taken, and trade name or grade of the stone,12.2

28、.2 Size and shape of specimens used in the test, and12.2.3 A description of the way in which the specimenswere prepared.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Individual variations in a natural product may result indeviation from accepted values. A precision section will beadded when sufficient data are availab

29、le to indicate acceptabletolerances in repeatability and reproducibility.14. Keywords14.1 dimension stone; flexure; modulus of rupture; stoneASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this

30、 standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five year

31、s andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committ

32、ee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).C99083