1、Designation: D 1006 01 (Reapproved 2006)Standard Practice forConducting Exterior Exposure Tests of Paints on Wood1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1006; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year
2、of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers procedures t
3、o be followed for directexposure of house and trim paints on new, previously un-painted wood materials to the environment. When originatorsof a weathering test have the actual exposure conducted by aseparate agency, the specific conditions for the exposure of testand control specimens should be clea
4、rly defined and mutuallyagreed upon between all parties.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresp
5、onsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels inWeathering Tests of CoatingsE41 Termino
6、logy Relating To ConditioningG7 Practice for Atmospheric Environmental ExposureTesting of Nonmetallic MaterialsG113 Terminology Relating to Natural and ArtificialWeathering Tests of Nonmetallic MaterialsG 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial
7、 Weathering Tests2.2 U.S. Federal Standard:TT-W-571b Federal Specification for Wood-Preservative,Recommended Treating Practice33. Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe definitions given in TerminologiesE41and G113are applicable to this practice.4. Significance and Use4.1 The procedure described in this prac
8、tice is intended toaid in evaluating the performance of house and trim paints tonew, previously unpainted wood.4.2 The relative durability of paints in outdoor exposurescan be very different depending on the location of the exposurebecause of differences in solar radiation, time of wetness,temperatu
9、re, pollutants, and other factors. Therefore, it cannotbe assumed that results from one exposure in a single locationwill be useful for determining relative durability in a differentlocation. Exposures in several locations with different climateswhich represent a broad range of anticipated service c
10、onditionsare recommended.4.2.1 Because of year-to-year climatological variations, re-sults from a single exposure test cannot be used to predict theabsolute rate at which a material degrades. Several years ofrepeat exposures are needed to get an “average” test result fora given location.4.2.2 Solar
11、radiation varies considerably as function of timeof year. This can cause large differences in the apparent rate ofdegradation in many polymers. Comparing results for materialsexposed for short periods (less than one year) is not recom-mended unless materials are exposed at the same time in thesame l
12、ocation.4.3 The Significance and Use section in Practice G7ad-dresses many variables to be considered in exterior exposuretests.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01
13、.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2006. Published November 2006. Originallyapproved in 1951. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D 1006 01.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Ann
14、ual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/www.dodssp.daps.mil.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 B
15、arr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Location of Test Sites and Exposure Orientation5.1 Test SitesThe climatic conditions of the test sitesshould be representative of those of the area in which the paintsare to be used. The type and rate of failure of a p
16、aint film willvary when exposed to different combinations of climatic andatmospheric conditions. For reliable results, exposure sitesshould be selected that are representative geographically,climatically, and in atmospheric contaminations with those ofthe locality in which the paint will be used. To
17、 obtainconclusions that are valid for paints with national distributionrequires exposure at several sites, selected to cover a widerange in climatic conditions. Suggested sites include southFlorida, the Great Lakes region, the hot desert southwest, thenortheast, and extreme southern Louisiana.5.2 Ex
18、posure OrientationUnless otherwise specified,specimens for testing house paint should be exposed on verticaltest fixtures facing both north or south, or both. In comparisonswhere dirt collection and mildew resistance are not pertinent,north vertical exposures may be omitted. Test fixtures shall bepl
19、aced in a location so that there is no shadow on any specimenwhen the suns angle of elevation is greater than 20. Speci-mens can be exposed at north or south orientations or other “exposure angles” in order to focus on the degradation modedesired. Typical exposure angles are as follows:5.2.1 Vertica
20、l North (Northern Hemisphere)Exposurerack is positioned so that the exposed surfaces of specimens arevertical (90) facing north, away from the equator. Thisorientation allows for the accelerated growth of biologicalorganisms since the amount of direct sunlight reaching thespecimens is reduced or com
21、pletely eliminated depending onlatitude.5.2.2 Vertical South (Northern Hemisphere)Exposurerack is positioned so that the exposed surfaces of the specimensare vertical (90) facing south, toward the equator. Thisorientation allows direct sunlight to reach the specimens andresults in degradation common
22、ly associated with ultravioletexposure.NOTE 1Other Exposure OrientationsIf desired, exposures may alsobe conducted to provide faster results. See Practice G7 for moreinformation on other exposure options.5.3 In the case where it is desirable to expose coated panelsin a sheltered area, such as under
23、eaves, a suitable test fencewith a sheltered or eave arrangement can be used (see AnnexA1).6. Construction of Test Fixtures (Exposed Racks)6.1 Test fixtures should be durable and rigid enough towithstand the effects of weather. All materials used for testfixtures shall be either treated wood or nonc
24、orrodible metalwithout surface treatment. Aluminum Alloys 6061T6 or6063T6 have been found suitable for use in most locations.Properly primed and coated steel is suitable for use in desertareas.6.2 Test Fixture DesignTest racks of several differentdesigns are currently used for the exposure testing o
25、f paints onwood. Test racks for the exposure of paints and trims that moreclosely simulate end-use applications, including under eaveexposures, are presented fully in Annex A1. Test racks that arecommonly used for the exposure of wood siding boards,primarily for the evaluation of mildew growth, dirt
26、 accumula-tion, and color change are shown in Fig. 1. These racks can beconfigured to hold specimens or specimen holders of anyconvenient width and length. Adjustable racks can be used toaccommodate specimens of different lengths. An offset design(notched cutouts) in the mounting hardware shall be u
27、sed inorder to avoid contamination from specimens mounted aboveother specimens. Offsets shall be of the proper size to accom-modate the width of the siding board. Typically, 152-mm(6-in.) or 230-mm (9-in.) sized offsets are used. Other sizes areavailable. An example of an offset mounting hardware is
28、shown in Fig. 2.7. Construction of Test Specimens7.1 Choose a wood substrate in accordance with Specifica-tion D 358. Prior to use, test lumber and panels shall be storedunder such conditions that the moisture content of the woodwill be maintained within the normal range for exteriorwoodwork in the
29、region in which the tests are conducted.Exposures on wood substrates should be performed on threepanels to allow for variations in wood.7.2 For house paints, unless the pattern of siding requiressome other choice, test panels should be made of one or theother of two patterns of siding, namely 127-mm
30、 (0.5-in.) or190-mm (0.75-in.) bevel siding or 5-mm (1-in.) by 152-mm(6-in.) drop siding. A test panel may be subdivided into two ormore test areas. A subdivided panel is one complete panel inwhich multiple paint specimens are applied to sections of thepanel. If the panels in the house paint test ar
31、e not subdivided,one 914-mm (3-ft) length of 152-mm siding will be acceptable.If the panels are subdivided, each test area shall be a minimumof 152-mm in length.7.3 For trim paints, the test panel may have 25-mm (1-in.)by 102-mm (4-in.) pieces of lumber at each end (see AnnexA1).7.4 For exposures of
32、 paints on test fixtures described in 6.2and Fig. 1, a test panel should be a 914-mm (36-in.) length of152-mm (6-in.) siding substrate unless otherwise agreed upon.Each area shall be a minimum of 152 mm in length. Each testFIG. 1 Typical Exposure RackD 1006 01 (2006)2area can be painted with a diffe
33、rent paint thus providing aside-by-side comparison for performance.NOTE 2It is important to remember that up to 75 mm (3 in.) of eachend of the test will be masked by the exposure rack.8. Use of Control or Reference Materials8.1 When several paints are being compared, one paintshould be selected as
34、a “control.” The control paint should beapplied to one area of each test panel. Variations caused bywood differences are revealed in the performance of the controlpaint, and can be used to adjust the ratings of other paints to acommon basis. For best results there should be two controls,one known to
35、 perform well and one known to perform poorly.9. Application of Paints9.1 All materials being compared in a single study shall beprepared and exposed within a thirty-day period. For very largestudies where all specimens cannot be prepared and exposedwithin the thirty-day period, prepare duplicate co
36、atings of atleast 30 % of the materials or prepare and expose specimens ofa control paint at the beginning and at the end of the periodneeded for completion.9.2 It is best in theory and practice to do the paintingoutdoors in proper weather for painting; however, indoorpainting is permissible provide
37、d no more than one week (72 his the preferred maximum time) elapses between the successivecoats and between applying the last coat and exposing on thetest fence. Furthermore, all painting must be performed underessentially the same drying conditions. It is necessary to alloweach coat to cure suffici
38、ently before top coating.9.3 The preferred procedure is to apply paints with the testpanel in a vertical position and kept vertical until the paint hasset. If paint is spread on horizontal panels, the panels should beplaced vertically immediately thereafter.9.4 Records should be kept of the spreadin
39、g rates at whichpaints are applied. When the purpose of the tests is to comparecommercial paints, it may be appropriate to let the painterapply them at their natural spreading rates. When the purposeis to study variation in the paint composition, applicationshould usually be at suitable predetermine
40、d spreading rates thatcan be controlled by applying a given weight or volume ofcoating to a measured area.10. Procedure10.1 After the panels have been prepared, identify eachspecimen with a unique mark that will not be destroyed orbecome illegible during the exposure. Practice G 147 providesguidance
41、 for this procedure.10.2 Measure the desired properties on all test and referencecontrol specimens prior to exposure.10.3 Mount the specimens on the correctly oriented expo-sure rack that accommodates the dimensions of the specimensbeing exposed.10.4 Perform the exposure test in accordance with theg
42、uidelines in Practices G7and G 147.10.5 Select one of the methods for defining the duration ofthe exposure in accordance with Practice G7.11. Inspection and Records11.1 After the panels have been exposed to the weather,inspections should be made after not more than one month, atthree months, and at
43、intervals of three months during the firsttwo years, and every six months thereafter. Midwinter inspec-tions, however, may be omitted in northern latitudes. Inspec-tions may be made more frequently if desired. Usually theexposures should be continued for a considerable length oftime after deteriorat
44、ion has reached the point at which bestpractice calls for repainting.11.2 Records should be kept on report forms agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.12. Report12.1 The report section shall contain the following informa-tion when applicable and available. In most cases, commercialtesting
45、agencies used to perform exposures may not havespecific information about the materials used or preparation ofthe test specimens and, therefore, cannot be reported.12.1.1 Complete description of the test specimens and anycontrol and weathering materials used, including:12.1.1.1 Composition, includin
46、g description of substrate towhich the paint is applied and12.1.1.2 Method of preparation (reference applicable stan-dards here).12.1.2 Location of exposure (including whether specimenswere exposed at ground level, on a rooftop, and so forth).12.1.3 Ground cover in area of test racks.12.1.4 Angle at
47、 which exposure was conducted.12.1.5 Type of exposure (unbacked or backed). If backedexposure is used, include thickness and type of backing and, ifpainted, the color of paint used.12.1.6 Date exposure started and date exposure completed.12.1.7 If required, solar radiant energy for all exposuresorie
48、nted towards the equator including the wavelength band-pass in which radiant energy is measured. All solar radiantFIG. 2 Offset Mounting HardwareD 1006 01 (2006)3energy reported should be measured in accordance with Prac-tice G7. If required, include a certificate of calibration for theradiometer us
49、ed, with this information.12.1.8 If used, details of any specimen treatment such aswashing conducted during the exposure. Include description ofthe treatment used and the frequency of treatment.12.1.9 If required, the following climate information:12.1.9.1 Ambient temperature (daily maximum and mini-mum),12.1.9.2 Relative humidity (daily maximum and minimum),12.1.9.3 Total hours of wetness and method used to mea-sure,12.1.9.4 Rainfall in centimetres, and12.1.9.5 Concentration of pollutants such as NO2,SO2,O3,and method used to measure the concentration.12.1.10 Results
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