1、Designation: D1039 94 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Test Methods forGlass-Bonded Mica Used as Electrical Insulation1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1039; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the c
2、ase of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the evaluation of the charac-teristics of glass-bonded, natural,
3、 or synthetic mica materialsintended for use as electrical insulation.1.2 Glass bonded mica materials are commercially availablein both injection molded and compression molded types. Thesetest methods are applicable to both types except for tensilestrength methods. (See Section 41.)1.3 The test meth
4、ods appear in the following sections:Test Method Section ASTM Test MethodArc Resistance 57-59 D495Compressive Strength 33-35 D695Conditioning 5 D618Dielectric Strength 48-51 D149Dissipation Factor 43-47 D150 and D2149Heat Distortion Temperature 24-29 D648Impact Resistance 36-39 D256Modulus of Ruptur
5、e 30-32 D790 and C674Permittivity 43-47 D150 and D2149Porosity 13-16 D116Resistivity, Volume and Surface 52-56 D257Rockwell Hardness 10-12 D785Specific Gravity 6-9 D792Specimens 4Tensile Strength 40-42 D638 and D651Terminology 3 D1711Thermal Conductivity 17-19 C177 and E1225Thermal Expansion 20-23 E
6、228 and E289Thickness 49 and 54 D3741.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the use
7、r of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See also Sections45, 49, 54, and 58.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C177 Test Method for Steady-State Heat Flux Measure-ments and Thermal Trans
8、mission Properties by Means ofthe Guarded-Hot-Plate ApparatusC674 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of CeramicWhiteware MaterialsD116 Test Methods for Vitrified Ceramic Materials forElectrical ApplicationsD149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage andDielectric Strength of Solid Electrical
9、 Insulating Materialsat Commercial Power FrequenciesD150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD256 Test Methods for Determining the Izod PendulumImpact Resistance of PlasticsD257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance
10、ofInsulating MaterialsD374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-lationD495 Test Method for High-Voltage, Low-Current, DryArcResistance of Solid Electrical InsulationD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD648 Test Method f
11、or Deflection Temperature of PlasticsUnder Flexural Load in the Edgewise PositionD651 Test Method for Tensile Strength of Molded Electri-cal Insulating Materials3D695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of RigidPlasticsD785 Test Method for Rockwell Hardness of Plastics andElectrical Insulating Ma
12、terials1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 onElectrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products.Current edition approved May 1, 2010. Published September 2010. Originallyapprove
13、d in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D103995(2004).DOI: 10.1520/D1039-94R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document S
14、ummary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedan
15、d Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive Density) of Plastics by DisplacementD1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical InsulationD2149 Test Method for Permittivity (Dielectric Constant)And Dissipation Factor Of Solid Dielec
16、trics At Frequen-cies To 10 MHz And Temperatures To 500CD6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-terials for TestingE228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of SolidMaterials With a Push-Rod DilatometerE289 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of RigidSolids with Interferome
17、tryE1225 Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Solids byMeans of the Guarded-Comparative-Longitudinal HeatFlow Technique3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard seeTerminology D1711.4. Test Specimens4.1 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conductivitytests and unless o
18、therwise specified for injection moldedmaterials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk approxi-mately 100 mm diameter and 2.5 to 7.5 mm thickness.Alternatively, injection molded specimens may have the finalshape and form of the finished device.4.2 Except for thermal expansion and thermal conduct
19、ivitytests and unless otherwise specified for compression moldedmaterials, the preferred form of specimen is a disk 100 to 150mm diameter, or a square plate 100 to 150 mm on a side, withthickness 2.5 to 7.5 mm. The plate or disk may be molded tosize or machined from a compression molded sheet.4.3 Fo
20、r thermal expansion test specimens use specimens inaccordance with Test Method E228 or Test Method E289 asappropriate.4.4 For thermal conductivity specimens use specimens inaccordance with Test Method E1225.5. Conditioning5.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition all samples andtest specimens in acc
21、ordance with Procedure A of PracticeD6054, except condition all thicknesses for at least 16 h.TEST METHOD A: SPECIFIC GRAVITY6. Significance and Use6.1 This characteristic is useful for specification purposesand has utility as a quality control parameter.7. Test Specimens7.1 From specimens obtained
22、in accordance with Section 4and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, cut piecesweighing from 5 to 25 g and prepare them in accordance withTest Methods D792.8. Procedure and Report8.1 Determine specific gravity and report the results inaccordance with Test Methods D792.9. Precision and Bias9.1 T
23、he precision and bias statement of Test Methods D792applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD B: ROCKWELL HARDNESS10. Significance and Use10.1 This property is useful as a quality control test and hasapplication for use in specifications.11. Procedure and Report11.1 From spe
24、cimens obtained in accordance with Section 4and conditioned in accordance with Section 5, determine andreport the Rockwell hardness in accordance with Procedure Aof Test Method D785. Use the RockwellAscale if the hardnessis 115 or less, otherwise use the Rockwell E scale.12. Precision and Bias12.1 T
25、he precision and bias statement of Test Method D785applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD C: POROSITY13. Significance and Use13.1 This characteristic serves as a measure of the integrityof the material. The test is useful for quality control andspecification purposes.14.
26、Specimens14.1 Prepare specimens in accordance with Section 4 andcondition them in accordance with Section 5. Then break thematerial in accordance with the porosity sections of Method Bof Test Methods D116.15. Procedure and Report15.1 Test the glass-bonded mica for porosity and report theresults in a
27、ccordance with Test Methods D116.16. Precision and Bias16.1 The precision and bias statement of Test MethodsD116 applies to the materials covered in this standard.TEST METHOD D: THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY17. Significance and Use17.1 Knowledge of this property of glass-bonded mica isimportant for design of
28、 electrical apparatus. The test is usefulfor quality control and specification purposes.18. Procedure and Report18.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section4, make determinations and report the results for thermalconductivity in accordance with Test Method E1225.NOTE 1If thermal conducti
29、vity values are required over a broadertemperature range or of a lower order of magnitude than obtainable withD1039 94 (2010)2Test Method E1225, Test Method C177 has been found to be satisfactoryfor measurement of the thermal conductivity perpendicular to the surfaceof specimens having large areal d
30、imensions.19. Precision and Bias19.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD E: THERMAL EXPANSION20. Significance and Use20.1 Data on thermal expansion of glass-bonded mica isuseful for a designer to match materi
31、als in a component so asto minimize mechanical strains caused by temperature varia-tions encountered by the component in service. The data isuseful to estimate the amount of strain that may develop inservice.20.2 The interferometric method is better suited for exami-nation of physically small specim
32、ens, interfaces, or local areasthat are under investigation. The dilatometer method is not asprecise or sensitive as the interferometric method but thedilatometer method is useful at higher temperatures and canaccommodate larger specimens. The results of the dilatometermethod are more representative
33、 of large pieces.21. Procedure21.1 Using specimens obtained in accordance with Section4, measure the thermal expansion characteristics of the glass-bonded mica in accordance with either Test Method E228 orTest Method E289.22. Report22.1 Report the following information:22.1.1 The identity of the gla
34、ss-bonded mica,22.1.2 The method used,22.1.3 The thermal expansion for the specimen expressed asa change in linear dimensions resulting from a specific changein temperature, and22.1.4 The temperature range used.23. Precision and Bias23.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods
35、 apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD F: HEAT DISTORTIONTEMPERATURE24. Significance and Use24.1 This test is useful for the comparison of material fromdifferent producers. It may be used as a specification require-ment.25. Apparatus25.1 A set-up for support and loading of
36、 the specimen and ameans for measuring the deflection is described in Test MethodD648. Modifications of this set-up in accordance with 25.2 arefound satisfactory for use on specimens of glass-bonded mica.25.2 The materials of construction of the Test Method D648apparatus must be capable of withstand
37、ing exposure up to 600C. The oven used for heating of the specimen shall be capableof temperature control within 65 C throughout the tempera-ture range 300 to 600 C.26. Test Specimens26.1 Cut bars of glass-bonded mica approximately 120 by13 mm with thickness of 3 to 13 mm. Prepare at least twospecim
38、ens for testing at each load stress mandated by TestMethod D648. Measure each specimen dimension to thenearest 0.02 mm and record these measurements.27. Procedure27.1 Determine the heat distortion temperature in accor-dance with Test Method D648 except start the test at 300 C.Allow each specimen to
39、reach equilibrium before obtaining theinitial readings.27.2 Increase the temperature 50 C.27.3 Maintain the increased temperature for 60 6 5 minbefore taking readings.27.4 Continue the 50 C interval increments until the bardeflects 0.25 mm or more. The temperature at which 0.25 mmdeflection occurs i
40、s the heat distortion temperature.28. Report28.1 Report the following information:28.1.1 The three dimensions of the specimen,28.1.2 The distance between the supports,28.1.3 The load and the stress applied to each specimen, and28.1.4 The heat distortion temperature for each specimen.29. Precision an
41、d Bias29.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D648applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD G: MODULUS OF RUPTURE30. Significance and Use30.1 The modulus of rupture is a convenient means forcomparing mechanical properties of glass-bonded mica fromdifferent produ
42、cers.30.2 The method is useful for quality control and specifica-tion purposes.31. Procedure and Report31.1 Take cylindrical specimens 13 mm in diameter and 150mm in length and test and report in accordance with TestMethods C674.NOTE 2The specimens should conform to the dimensions suggestedin Table
43、1 of Test Methods D790 as closely as is practicable.32. Precision and Bias32.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Methods C674applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD H: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH33. Significance and Use33.1 The test results have utility for quality control
44、 andspecification purposes. It is useful in comparison of glass-bonded mica from different producers.D1039 94 (2010)334. Procedure and Report34.1 Take specimens in accordance with Test Method D695.Determine and report compressive strength in accordance withTest Method D695.35. Precision and Bias35.1
45、 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D695applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD I: IMPACT RESISTANCE36. Significance and Use36.1 The test measures the reaction of the material to a verysudden application of forces on a very concentrated area of aspecimen. This
46、 reaction is a measure of the brittleness ofglass-bonded mica.36.2 The test result has utility for quality control andspecification purposes.37. Specimens37.1 Prepare rods 13 6 1 mm in diameter, conforming to11.5 of Test Method D256.37.2 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 5 ofthese test
47、methods.38. Procedure and Report38.1 Determine impact resistance and report the results inaccordance with Test Method D256 using Method B (thesimple beam test).39. Precision and Bias39.1 The precision and bias statement of Test Method D256applies to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST M
48、ETHOD J: TENSILE STRENGTH40. Significance and Use40.1 The results of tests for this property are useful forspecification and quality control purposes.41. Procedure and Report41.1 For Injection-Type Molded MaterialsMold testspecimens to the form and dimensions of Fig. 2 in Test MethodD651. Condition
49、in accordance with Section 5 of these testmethods. Determine tensile strength and report the results inaccordance with Test Method D651.41.2 For Compression-Type Molded MaterialsIn accor-dance with Section 5 of these test methods, condition testspecimens that conform to the dimensions of Fig. 1 of TestMethod D638. Determine tensile strength and report the resultsin accordance with Test Method D638.42. Precision and Bias42.1 The precision and bias statement of the referenced testmethods apply to the materials covered in these test methods.TEST METHOD K: RELATIVE PERMITTIV
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