1、Designation: D1203 10D1203 16Standard Test Methods forVolatile Loss From Plastics Using Activated CarbonMethods1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1203; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 These test methods cover the de
3、termination of volatile loss from a plastic material under defined conditions of time andtemperature, using activated carbon as the immersion medium.1.2 Two test methods are covered as follows:1.2.1 Test Method A, Direct Contact with Activated CarbonIn this test method the plastic material is in dir
4、ect contact with thecarbon. This test method is particularly useful in the rapid comparison of a large number of plastic specimens.1.2.2 Test Method B, Wire CageThis test method prescribes the use of a wire cage, which prevents direct contact between theplastic material and the carbon. By eliminatin
5、g the direct contact, the migration of the volatile components to the surroundingcarbon is minimized and loss by volatilization is more specifically measured.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
6、 if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This standard is similar in content (not technically equivalent) to ISO 176.and ISO
7、176 address the same subject matter, but differ in technicalcontent.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD883 Terminology Relating to PlasticsD1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to PlasticsE197 Specification for Enclosures and Ser
8、vicing Units for Tests Above and Below Room Temperature (Withdrawn 1981)3E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 Other Documents:ISO 176 Determination of the Loss of Plasticizers from Plastics by the Activated Carbon Method33. Terminology3
9、.1 DefinitionsDefinitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and D1600 unless otherwise indicated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The test methods are intended to be rapid empirical tests which have been found to be useful in the relative comparison ofmaterials having the same nominal thickness.1
10、These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials(Section D20.15.11 on Plasticizers).Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2010April 1, 2016. Published January 2011April 2016. Originally appro
11、ved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 20032010 asD1203 94D1203 10.(2003). DOI: 10.1520/D1203-10. 10.1520/D1203-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, ref
12、er to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indicat
13、ion of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be cons
14、idered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2When the plastic material contains plasticizer, loss from the plastic is assumed to be
15、 primarily plasticizer. The effect of moisture is consideredto be negligible.4.2 Correlation with ultimate application for various plastic materials shall be determined by the user. To obtain accelerated teststhat more nearly approach actual service conditions, refer to Specification E197.5. Apparat
16、us5.1 BalanceAn accurate analytical balance, equipped with Class S weights or better.5.2 Oven or BathA thermostatically controlled oven or bath capable of maintaining the temperature to within 61C of thetest temperature, which normally will be in the range from 50 to 150C.5.3 ContainersMetal cans or
17、 wide-mouth screw-top jars, of cylindrical form, approximately 100 mm in diameter andapproximately 12 L in capacity.NOTE 3Pint paint cans work well.5.4 MicrometerA micrometer capable of measuring to the nearest 0.0025 mm for measuring the thickness of the testspecimens.5.5 Metal Cages (for Test Meth
18、od B)Wire cages constructed from approximately 30-mesh bronze gauze, in cylindrical form,having a diameter of 60 mm and a height of 6 mm, formed by soldering a strip of gauze at right angles to the periphery of a diskof bronze gauze. One of the bases acts as a lid.5.6 150 mL Beaker graduated in 10 m
19、L intervals.6. Material6.1 Activated Carbon, 614MeshIt has been found that different types and grades of activated carbon give differing results, thusmaking it necessary for the purchaser and the seller to agree on the same type and grade in order to obtain concordant results. Careshall be taken tha
20、t an airtight storage container is used for the activated carbon and that fresh material is used for each test. Theactivated carbon shall be screened through a 14-mesh screen immediately prior to use to eliminate fines.7. Test Specimens7.1 The test specimens shall be 5050 6 1 mm diameter disks made
21、of the plastic material to be tested. Three specimens of eachformulation shall be tested.7.2 Thickness of the test specimens shall be 0.25 6 0.025 mm.NOTE 4If another thickness is desired to be tested due to purchase specifications or other considerations, it shall be specified in the report.7.3 Dir
22、ect comparison of values between materials shall not be made unless all specimens so compared do not vary by morethan 610 % from a given nominal thickness.NOTE 5This precaution is necessary because of discrepancies that may arise due to edge effects, depletion of volatiles, and the fact that the per
23、centweight loss is an inverse function of thickness.8. Conditioning8.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 6 2C and 50 6 10 % relative humidity for not less than 20 h prior totest in accordance with Procedure A of Practice D618. Preferably, specimens shall be suspended to assure free air
24、circulationamong the specimens. In cases of disagreement, the tolerances shall be 61C and 65 % relative humidity.9. ProcedureTest Method A, Direct Contact with Activated Carbon9.1 Weigh the conditioned specimens individually on the analytical balance and designate this weight as W1. Weight ofindivid
25、ual specimens shall be within a tolerance of 610 %. 610 % of each other.9.2 Spread 120 cm3 of activated carbon evenly on the bottom of a container. Place one specimen on top of the activated carbonand cover it with 120 cm3 of activated carbon. Place a second specimen (Note 4) on top of the first and
26、 cover it with 120 cm3 ofthe carbon, followed by a third specimen and then 120 cm3 more of activated carbon. Place a cover on the container in such amanner that the container will be vented. This is necessary to assure that any possible pressure build-up in the container duringheating is relieved. T
27、ake care that in no case shall the carbon be packed by pressure other than the weight of the compositesandwich in the container.NOTE 6Only specimens of the same composition or formulation shall be tested in a single container, because of the possibility of cross-migrationbetween varying compositions
28、.9.3 Place the container upright in the oven or bath. Unless otherwise specified, the temperature of the oven or bath shall be 706 1C and the duration of the test 24 h.D1203 1629.4 At the end of the 24-h period, remove the container from the oven or bath. Then, within 1 h, remove the specimens fromt
29、he container, brush free of carbon, and recondition in accordance with Section 8.9.5 After reconditioning, reweigh the specimens and designate this weight as W2.Weight of individual specimens shall be withina tolerance 610 % of 610 %.each other.10. ProcedureTest Method B, Wire Cage10.1 Proceed as in
30、 Section 9 (Test Method A), except place every individual specimen in a small metal wire-mesh cageconstructed as indicated in 5.5, and maintain the temperature at 100 6 1C.NOTE 7If other conditions of test are desired, they may be employed, but shall be specified in the report.11. Calculation11.1 Ca
31、lculate the volatile loss, expressed as percent weight loss based on the original specimen weight, as follows:weight loss,%5W 1 2W2!/W1 #3100 (1)where:W1 = initial weight of test specimen, andW2 = final weight of test specimen.12. Report12.1 Report the following information:12.1.1 Complete identific
32、ation of the material tested, including type, source, manufacturers code number, and previous history,12.1.2 Actual thickness to the nearest 0.025 mm for each of the three specimens tested, and the average of the three,12.1.3 Percent weight loss recorded to two significant figures of each of the thr
33、ee specimens, and the average of the three,12.1.4 Any observations as to distortion or change in appearance of the specimens,12.1.5 Type of activated carbon used, and12.1.6 Test temperature and duration of test.13. Precision and Bias13.1 Precision:413.1.1 Table 1 is based on a round robin conducted
34、in 1988 per Practice E691, involving three materials tested by fivelaboratories.All tests were run by Test MethodAfor 24 h at 90C. For each material, all the samples were prepared at one source,but the individual specimens were prepared by the laboratory which tested them. Each test result was the a
35、verage of 23 individualdeterminations. Three laboratories obtained two test results for each material, whereas two test laboratories obtained one test resultfor each material.13.1.1.1 The properties used in the analysis are volatility of plasticizer from the plastic. The three materials were selecte
36、d torepresent low, medium, and high volatility plasticizers. (WarningThe following explanations of r and R (13.1.2 13.1.2.3) areonly intended to present a means of considering the approximate precision of this test method. The data in Table 1 should not berigorously applied to acceptance or rejectio
37、n of material, as those data are specific to this round robin and may not be representativeof other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of these test methods should apply the principles outlined in PracticeE691 to generate data specific to their laboratory and materials, or between s
38、pecific laboratories. The principles of 13.1.2 13.1.2.3would then be valid for such data.)13.1.2 Concept of r and RIf Sr and SR have been calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results that wereaverages from testing 23 specimens:4 Supporting data have been filed at ASTM Internatio
39、nal Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D20-1129.TABLE 1 Plasticizer VolatilityRound Robin TestMaterial Volatility AverageLoss,% SrA SRB rC RDSample 1 High 19.46 0.70 2.43 1.98 6.88Sample 2 Medium 3.83 0.35 0.87 0.98 2.48Sample 3 Low 0.81 0.12 0.42 0.35 1.20A Sr = withi
40、n-laboratory standard deviation of the average.B SR = between-laboratories standard deviation of the average.C r = 2.8 Sr .D R = 2.8 SR.D1203 16313.1.2.1 Repeatability, r (comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by the same operator using the sameequipment on the same day)The two
41、test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value of thematerial.13.1.2.2 Reproducibility, R (comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by different operators using differentequipment on different days)The two test results should be judged not equi
42、valent if they differ by more than the R value for thatmaterial.13.1.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 13.1.2.1 or 13.1.2.2 would have approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of beingcorrect.13.2 BiasThere are no recognized standards by which to estimate bias of these test methods.14. Keywords14.1 pla
43、sticizer loss; vinyl; volatile loss; volatility; weight lossSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue(D1203 - 94(2003)(D1203 - 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (November(April 1, 2010)2016)(1) Removed date from
44、ISOAdded 6 to 7.1 176.specimen diameter.(2) Removed permissive language.(3) Added a note on containers.(2) Updated relative humidity requirement in accordanceChanged “Weight of individual specimens shall be within a tolerance of610 %.” to “Weight of individual specimens shall be within 610 % of each
45、 other.” in 9.1 withand D6189.5.(3) Added aMoved Table 1 measuring device for 120 mL of activated carbon in to Precision and Bias section.5.6.(6) Revised keywords.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this s
46、tandard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be re
47、viewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsi
48、ble technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West C
49、onshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
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