1、Designation: D1210 05 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forFineness of Dispersion of Pigment-Vehicle Systems byHegman-Type Gage1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1210; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of re
2、vision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test me
3、thod covers measurement of the degree ofdispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of thepigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatingsand their intermediates. It may also be used to assess theinclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.1.2 The values st
4、ated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety
5、and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing InksBy the NPIRI Grindometer3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Tapered GageThe product is spread by means of ascraper
6、in a machined tapered path. At some point in this path,particles or agglomerates, or both, will become visible.Adirectreading from the graduated scale is then made at the pointwhere the particles form a definite pattern. When the singlepath gage is used it is also possible to rate “cleanliness” (see
7、6.2).3.2 Stepped GageThe product is spread by means of ascraper on a stepped gage. There are 2 delimited sections onthis gage, each of 6.5 cm2(1 in.2) area, and of two differentdepths. A count is made of the particles deposited in the twodelimited areas, and cleanliness (texture) reading is deter-mi
8、ned.4. Significance and Use4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usuallydispersed in a portion of the vehicle in some sort of mill.At thisstage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigmentagglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not tointerfere with the smoothness of the
9、 finished coating film. Thistest method describes a way of making this judgment.5. Apparatus5.1 Tapered GageA hardened steel, stainless steel, orchrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1) approximately 170 mm (6.7in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thickness. The top surfaceof the block shall be ground s
10、mooth and planar and shallcontain one or two paths 127 mm (5 in.) in calibrated length.The path shall be tapered uniformly in depth lengthwise fromabout 4 mils (100 m) at 10 mm from one end to zero depth atthe other with intermediate calibrations in accordance with thedepth at those points. Preferre
11、d calibrations are Hegman unitsand micrometers (Note 1). Three path widths are covered bythis test method:5.1.1 Two Parallel Paths, each 12.5-mm (0.5-in.) wide andspaced 0.5-in. apart centered in a block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide(see Fig. 1).5.1.2 One Path, 50 mm (2 in.) in width centered in a block90-mm
12、 (3.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1).5.1.3 One Path, 25 mm (1 in.) in width centered in a block65-mm (2.5-in.) wide (see Fig. 1a).NOTE 1Several arbitrary scales and modifications of the gage are usedby industry. In order that readings obtained with these arbitrary scales andmodifications can be reported in
13、the preferred units, the approximaterelationship of these scales to gage depth is shown in the followingexample:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.24 on Physic
14、al Properties of Liquid Paints and Paint Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2014. Published December 2014. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D1210 05 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D1210-05R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orco
15、ntact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1HegmanScaleADepth,mBD
16、epth,milsBPC or FSPTScaleCNPIRIScaleD0 100 4 0 401 90 3.5 114 35275 212 303 65 2.5 334 25450 5205 40 1.5 614 15625 712 107 15 0.5 834 580 00ASometimes referred to in error as the North Standard scale.BRounded to nearest 5 m or 0.5 mil.CFederation of Societies for Paint Technology scale.DNational Pri
17、nting Ink Research Institute scale, 0 to 10 on the NPIRI ProductionGrindometer, but extended on many gages to 20 or 30 (see Test Method D1316).5.2 Stepped GageA hardened steel, stainless steel, orchrome-plated steel block (Fig. 1a), approximately 170 mm(6.7 in.) in length, and 15 mm (0.6 in.) in thi
18、ckness. A path25-mm (1-in.) wide shall be cut the length of, and centered ina block 65-mm (2.5-in.) wide. The path will be cut to twodifferent depths, each for half of its length. The two depths willbe 3 mils, and 1 mil, or as agreed upon between the buyer andthe seller. There shall be two tick mark
19、s, above and below the“step,” and spaced 25 mm (1 in.) from it.5.3 ScraperAdouble-edged hardened steel, stainless steel,or chrome-plated steel blade (Fig. 2) 95-mm (3.75-in.) long,40-mm (1.5-in.) wide, and 6.4-mm (0.25-in.) thick. The twoedges on the 3.75-in. sides shall be rounded to a radius of 0.
20、38mm (0.015 in.).5.4 IlluminationThe gage shall be illuminated for viewingwith a fluorescent tube, mounted approximately 250 mm (10in.) above the gage with the length of the tube parallel to thelength of the gage. The tube will be mounted so that the anglebetween the plane of the gage, and the tube
21、is 75 to 80. Aviewing box is not mandatory for illumination, but if one isdesired, a proposed design for a viewing box is contained inAppendix X1.6. Care of Gage6.1 Clean the gage immediately after each use. Use asolvent and a soft cloth. Keep the gage covered or encased atFIG. 1 Fineness GagesD1210
22、 05 (2014)2all times when not in use. Protect gages that lie idle forextended periods of time from rust with an oil coating or oilsoaked wrap.6.2 Do not allow any hard materials to come in contact withthe gage surface or scraper in any manner that might result inscarring or nicking. Avoid tapping or
23、 scratching with othermetal.6.3 The scraper may be rendered unsatisfactory for use bywear or nicks of the contact edge or warpage (Note 2). Replaceor recondition unsatisfactory blades.NOTE 2Wear or warpage of the scraper may be noted by facing theedge of the scraper down on the smooth level face of
24、the gage, theninspecting the contact edge by means of a strong light, placed behind thegage. Rocking the scraper forward or back will reveal poor contact due towear or warpage. Any light coming through between scraper and gageface shows that the scraper has been damaged and is not satisfactory forus
25、e.7. Visual Standards7.1 The diagrams in Fig. 3 are reproductions of six typicalfineness-gage patterns with the double-path gage in 5.1.1, andthey should be viewed with the purpose of standardizing therelationship of particle distribution to fineness designation. Thearrow in each drawing represents
26、the end point (reading) forthat distribution. These patterns are to be used for notation offrequency of particles and should not be interpreted accordingto the size of the dots. Although called “standards,” they arereally examples of fineness readings to be used as a guide,since no two particle dist
27、ributions will be exactly the same.7.2 Similarly, Fig. 4 exhibits typical fineness gage patternsfor the 50-mm (2-in.) gage in 5.1.2, or the 25-mm (1-in.) gagein 5.1.3. These diagrams are to be used like those for the1-in. single path gage Texture GageFIG. 1 a Fineness Gages (continued)NOTE 11 in. =
28、25.4 mm.FIG. 2 ScraperD1210 05 (2014)3double-path gage except that a “cleanliness” rating is alsoshown. “Cleanliness” is descriptive of the number of particlesthat appear in the path above the fineness designation. Threeratings are indicated: A (0 to 8 specks), B (9 to 15 specks), andC (16 or more s
29、pecks).8. ProcedureTapered Gage8.1 Place the gage on a horizontal flat, nonslippery surfaceand wipe clean immediately before the test. Be sure the gagesurface is free of lint.8.2 Hand stir the specimen (Note 3) vigorously for 2 min,taking care that air bubbles are not whipped into the paint. Tobe su
30、re of an accurate grind reading, specimens must be free ofair bubbles.NOTE 3For this test method to function properly, the pigment particlesin the specimens to be tested should be free to settle to the bottom of thegage channel after the drawdown. Therefore, before testing, high-viscosityintermediat
31、e specimens that have little ability to flow should be reducedwith a compatible liquid. Reduction should be in approximately the sameproportion as the intermediate will be reduced in practice.8.3 Immediately place the material to be tested in the deepend of the path, or paths, so that it overflows t
32、he path slightly.When using the double-path gage, place material in both paths.8.4 Holding the scraper in both hands, nearly vertical butinclined slightly toward the operator, draw the material downthe length of the path toward the shallow end of the gage witha uniform, brisk motion in approximately
33、 1 to 3 s. Exert uponthe scraper only sufficient pressure to clean excess materialFIG. 3 a Typical Fineness Gage PatternsD1210 05 (2014)4from the face of the gage. Within 10 s of placing the specimenon the gage, make a reading as follows:8.4.1 View the gage from the side, perpendicular to thelength
34、of the path. Keeping the gage between the operator andthe light source, make the angle between the face of the gageand the line of vision so that the image of the fluorescent tubeappears in the material on the gage.NOTE 4Clear finishes may have to be viewed at a lower angle or theymay have to be opa
35、cified with a finely ground colorant or dye in order tosee the particles better.8.4.2 It is important to decide in which direction to scan thegage (from the deep end (0 Hegman or 100 m) toward theshallow end (8 Hegman or 0 m) or from the shallow end to thedeep end.) It is preferable to scan from the
36、 shallow end towardthe deep end, since this allows the operator to just decide whenthe dense pattern breaks, rather than trying to decide whetherthe pattern has less dense areas within it. (See Fig. 4c). Whenusing the two-path gage, average the values in the two paths tothe nearest14 Hegman unit. Th
37、is average is considered onereading. The two protocols for reading the fineness are:8.4.2.1 Shallow end toward deep endStart at the shallowend of the gage and observe where the first break in the densepattern of particles occurs. This is the fineness reading.8.4.2.2 Deep end toward shallow endObserv
38、e the pointwhere the material first shows a definite speckled pattern, notjust isolated specks (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 4). This is the finenessreading.8.5 After the first drawdown and reading, which are pre-liminary for establishing proper test conditions and locating theposition of the fineness readin
39、g, repeat the procedure twice,FIG. 3 b Typical Fineness Gage Patterns (continued)D1210 05 (2014)5beginning with 8.3, to obtain two test readings. This processallows the two test readings to be made with limited timelapses between completion of drawdown and reading. (Do notconsider any reading for th
40、e reported fineness when the timelapse exceeds 10 s.) Average the two readings to the nearest14Hegman units (5 m).8.6 Interpretation of Dispersion Pattern:8.6.1 Inspect the initial drawdown for pattern and theapproximate fineness. Determine the point in the particledistribution that approximates a s
41、imilar end point pattern tothat of the pictorial standards.8.6.2 Judge cleanliness on the one-path gage either bycomparison to the typical fineness patterns (shown only at a 6Hegman level but applicable by analogy to any fineness level)or by counting nibs coarser than the selected fineness level (se
42、e7.2 for cleanliness ranges).9. ProcedureStepped Gage9.1 Place the gage on a horizontal flat, nonslippery surfaceand wipe clean immediately before the test. Be sure the gagesurface is free of lint.9.2 Hand stir the specimen (Note 3) vigorously for 2 min,taking care that air bubbles are not whipped i
43、nto the paint. Tobe sure of an accurate grind reading, specimens must be free ofair bubbles.NOTE 5For this test method to function properly, the pigment particlesin the specimens to be tested should be free to settle to the bottom of thegage channel after the drawdown. Therefore, before testing, hig
44、h-viscosityFIG. 3 c Typical Fineness Gage Patterns (continued)D1210 05 (2014)6intermediate specimens that have little ability to flow should be reducedwith a compatible liquid. Reduction should be in approximately the sameproportion as the intermediate will be reduced in practice.FIG. 4 a Typical Fi
45、neness Gage PatternFIG. 4 b Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)FIG. 4 c Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)FIG. 4 d Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)D1210 05 (2014)7FIG. 4 e Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)FIG. 4 f Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)FIG. 4 g Typica
46、l Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)FIG. 4 h Typical Fineness Gage Pattern (continued)D1210 05 (2014)89.3 Immediately place the material to be tested in the deepend of the path, or paths, so that it overflows the path slightly.When using the double-path gage, place material in both paths.9.4 Holding
47、the scraper in both hands, nearly vertical butinclined slightly toward the operator, draw the material downthe length of the path toward the shallow end of the gage witha uniform, brisk motion in approximately 1 to 3 s. Exert uponthe scraper only sufficient pressure to clean excess materialfrom the
48、face of the gage. Within 10 s of placing the specimenon the gage, make a reading as follows:9.4.1 View the gage from the side, perpendicular to thelength of the path. Keeping the gage between the operator andthe light source, make the angle between the face of the gageand the line of vision so that
49、the image of the fluorescent tubeappears in the material on the gage.NOTE 6Clear finishes may have to be viewed at a lower angle or theymay have to be opacified with a finely ground colorant or dye in order tosee the particles better.9.4.2 Count the number of particles on each side of the step,between the step and the tick mark. This area is equal to 6.5cm2(1 in.2). Calculate the texture (cleanliness) of the materialusing the following formula that weights the coarse fraction(3-mil side of gage) 4 times heavier than the fine fraction(1-mil
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