1、Designation: D1248 12Standard Specification forPolyethylene Plastics Extrusion Materials for Wire andCable1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1248; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This specification provides for the ident
3、ification ofpolyethylene plastics extrusion materials for wire and cable insuch a manner that the seller and the purchaser can agree on theacceptability of different commercial lots or shipments. Thetests involved in this specification are intended to provideinformation for identifying materials acc
4、ording to the types,classes, categories, and grades covered. It is not the function ofthis specification to provide specific engineering data fordesign purposes.1.2 This specification does not allow for the use of recycledplastics (see Note 3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
5、thestandard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to inch-pound units that are provided for informa-tion only and are not considered standard.1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to thetest method portion, Section 12, of this specification: Thisstandard does n
6、ot purport to address all of the safety concerns,if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the userof this standard to establish appropriate safety and healthpractices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-tions prior to use.NOTE 1There is no known ISO equivalent to
7、 this standard.NOTE 2This standard has undergone major revision from the reap-proval of 1989 and now covers only polyethylene for wire and cableapplications. For information regarding molding and extrusion materials,see Specification D4976. For information regarding plastic pipe materials,see Specif
8、ication D3350.NOTE 3See Guide D7209and 3.1.2 of this standard for informationand definitions related to recycled plastics.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D150 Test Methods for AC Loss Characteristics and Per-mittivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insula-tionD257 Test Methods
9、for DC Resistance or Conductance ofInsulating MaterialsD618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD746 Test Method for Brittleness Temperature of Plasticsand Elastomers by ImpactD792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-tive D
10、ensity) of Plastics by DisplacementD1238 Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplasticsby Extrusion PlastometerD1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient TechniqueD1531 Test Methods for Relative Permittivity (DielectricConstant) and Dissipation Factor by Fluid DisplacementP
11、roceduresD1603 Test Method for Carbon Black Content in OlefinPlasticsD1693 Test Method for Environmental Stress-Cracking ofEthylene PlasticsD2565 Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposure of Plastics In-tended for Outdoor ApplicationsD2633 Test Methods for Thermoplastic Insulations andJackets for Wire and Cab
12、le1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 onPlastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on ThermoplasticMaterials.Current edition approved April 1, 2012. Published May 2012. Originallyapproved in 1952. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D1248 -
13、 05. DOI:10.1520/D1248-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1*A Summary of Changes section appe
14、ars at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.D2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Deter-mining Density of PolyethyleneD2951 Test Method for Resistance of Types III and IVPolyethylene Pla
15、stics to Thermal Stress-Cracking3D3182 Practice for RubberMaterials, Equipment, andProcedures for Mixing Standard Compounds and Prepar-ing Standard Vulcanized SheetsD3349 Test Method for Absorption Coefficient of EthylenePolymer Material Pigmented with Carbon BlackD3350 Specification for Polyethylen
16、e Plastics Pipe andFittings MaterialsD3636 Practice for Sampling and Judging Quality of SolidElectrical Insulating MaterialsD3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of PlasticsD4329 Practice for Fluorescent UV Exposure of PlasticsD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Sp
17、ecimens, Plaques, or SheetsD4976 Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding andExtrusion MaterialsD6360 Practice for Enclosed Carbon-Arc Exposures ofPlasticsD7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, andUse of Recycled Polymeric Materials and ProductsE1131 Test Method for Compositional
18、Analysis by Thermo-gravimetryG151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-celerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light SourcesG153 Practice for Operating Enclosed Carbon Arc LightApparatus for Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Light Apparatusfor U
19、V Exposure of Nonmetallic MaterialsG155 Practice for Operating XenonArc LightApparatus forExposure of Non-Metallic Materials2.2 Federal Specification:4L-P-390C Plastic, Molding, and Extrusion Materials, Poly-ethylene and Copolymers (Low, Medium, and High Den-sity)NOTE 4In accordance with the DOD: “L
20、-P-390C, dated 10 August1971, is inactivated for new design and is no longer used, except forreplacement purposes. Future acquisition for this product, when used innew design, should refer to ASTM D4976, STANDARD SPECIFICA-TION FOR POLYETHYLENE PLASTICS MOLDING AND EXTRU-SION MATERIALS.”3. Terminolo
21、gy3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 polyethylene plastics, nplastics or resins preparedby the polymerization of no less than 50 % ethylene and no lessthan 95 weight % of total olefins.3.1.2 recycled plastics, nplastics feedstocks or productscomposed of recovered plastic materi
22、al that may or may notinclude a percentage of post-consumer material, but not includ-ing those materials and by-products generated from, andcommonly reused, within an original manufacturing processand, reworked, reprocessed, and regrind plastic and purge fromthe same manufacturing process.3.2 Histor
23、ical usage and user group conventions have re-sulted in inconsistent terminology used to categorize anddescribe polyethylene resins and compounds. The followingterminology is in use in ASTM specifications pertaining topolyethylene:3.2.1 Specification D1248:3.2.1.1 Type (0, I, II, III, IV) = density
24、ranges (same,respectively, as Class in Specification D4976).3.2.1.2 Class (A, B, C, D) = composition and use.3.2.1.3 Category (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same asGrade in Specification D4976).3.2.1.4 Grade (E, J, D, or W followed by one or two digits)= specific requirements from tables.3.2.2
25、 Specification D3350:3.2.2.1 Type (I, II, III) = density ranges (same as Types I, II,and III in Specification D1248 and Classes 1, 2, and 3 inSpecification D4976).3.2.2.2 Class = a line callout system consisting of “PE”followed by six cell numbers from Table 1 plus a letter (A, B,C, D, E) denoting c
26、olor and UV stabilizer.3.2.2.3 Grade = simplified line callout system using “PE”followed by density and slow crack growth cell numbers fromTable 1.3.2.3 Specification D4976:3.2.3.1 Group (1, 2) = branched or linear polyethylene.3.2.3.2 Class (5, 1, 2, 3, 4) = density ranges (same,respectively, as Ty
27、pe in Specification D1248).3.2.3.3 Grade (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = melt index ranges (same asCategory in Specification D1248).4. Classification4.1 This specification recognizes that polyethylene plasticsare identified primarily on the basis of two characteristics,namely, density and flow rate (previously id
28、entified as meltindex). The former is the criterion for assignment as to type,the latter for designation as to category. Other attributesimportant to the user for certain applications are covered bythree general classes and by specifying in greater detail, bygrades, a minimum number of key character
29、istics covered toobroadly or not at all by the type, class, and category designa-tions.4.1.1 Types:4.1.1.1 This specification provides for the identification offive types of polyethylene plastics extrusion materials for wireand cable by density in accordance with 10.1 and 12.1.1, andthe requirements
30、 prescribed in Table 1 and Note 5, Note 6, and3Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.4Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, DODSSP, Bldg. 4,Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5098, http:/dodssp.daps.dla.mil.TABLE
31、 1 Classification of Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and Cable According to TypeType Nominal Density,Ag/cm30 0.925 to 0.940III 0.940 to 0.960IV 0.960AUncolored, unfilled material (see Note 12).D1248 122Note 12.NOTE 5It is recognized that some high-density polyethylene plasticsof ve
32、ry high molecular weight may have densities slightly less than 0.960yet in all other respects they are characteristic of Type IV materials.Similarly, there are other polyethylene plastics of very high molecularweight having densities slightly less than 0.941 which in all other respectsare more chara
33、cteristic of Type III than of Type II materials.NOTE 6While the original Type III now has been divided into tworanges of density (Types III and IV), both are still described by the termhigh density.4.1.1.2 Material supplied under these types shall be of suchnominal density, within the ranges given,
34、as agreed uponbetween the manufacturer and the purchaser subject to thetolerances specified in 4.1.1.3 (Note 12).4.1.1.3 In view of production, sampling, and testing vari-ables, a commercial lot or shipment for which a nominaldensity has been agreed upon between the seller and thepurchaser shall be
35、considered as conforming and commerciallyacceptable when the density value found on a sample from thelot or shipment falls within the tolerance range of 60.004 ofthe nominal value.4.1.1.4 If the nominal value is unknown or unspecified,classification shall be based on the tested value withouttoleranc
36、e consideration.4.1.2 ClassesEach of the five types is subdivided intofour classes according to composition and use as follows:4.1.2.1 Class ANatural color only, with or without anyantioxidants or other additives in such proportions as agreedupon between the seller and the purchaser.4.1.2.2 Class BC
37、olors including white and black, with orwithout any antioxidants or other additives in such proportionsas agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.4.1.2.3 Class CBlack (weather-resistant), containing notless than 2 % carbon black of a kind and particle size (Note 7),dispersed by such m
38、eans and to such degree as necessary toimpart weather resistance with or without any antioxidants orother additives in such proportions as agreed upon between theseller and the purchaser.NOTE 7Carbon black 35 nm or less in average particle diameter isused as required in black electrical and jacketin
39、g materials (Grades E andJ) to impart maximum weather resistance.4.1.2.4 Class DColored (UV resistant), including blackand white, with antioxidants and UV stabilizers to allowelectrical insulation and jackets to meet the requirementsoutlined in 12.1.12.NOTE 8The expected service lifetime of Class D
40、materials is verydependent upon the specific material formulation including selectedcolorants. Contact your supplier for additional information regarding thisissue.4.1.3 Categories:4.1.3.1 The four classes of each type are divided into fivecategories on the basis of broad ranges of flow rate inaccor
41、dance with the requirements prescribed in Table 2.NOTE 9Some Type II and Type III polyethylene plastics of very highmolecular weight cannot be categorized by flow rate. Solution viscosity isrecommended as a means of distinguishing such materials.4.1.3.2 Material supplied under these categories shall
42、 be ofsuch nominal flow rate, within the ranges given, as agreed uponbetween the seller and the purchaser subject to the tolerancesspecified in 4.1.3.3.4.1.3.3 In view of production, sampling, and testing vari-ables, a commercial lot or shipment for which a nominal flowrate has been agreed upon betw
43、een the seller and the purchasershall be considered as conforming and commercially accept-able when the flow rate value found on a sample from the lotor shipment falls within the tolerance range of 620 % of thenominal flow rate.4.1.3.4 If the nominal value is unknown or unspecified,classification sh
44、all be based on the tested value withouttolerance consideration.4.1.4 Grades:4.1.4.1 If further definition is necessary, one of the gradesgiven in Tables 3-5 shall be selected.NOTE 10Tables 4 and 5, are included to correspond with the gradesspecified in Federal Specification L-P-390C.NOTE 11The grad
45、e shall be associated with the appropriate type,class, and category designations; for example, IA5-E4 or IC5-J3 asrequired. Other grades may be added as necessary by revision of thisspecification in established manner. Also, it is anticipated that additionalrequirements may be added under a given gr
46、ade designation by futurerevision to provide more meaningful characterization of the materialcovered by such designation.4.1.4.2 If additional requirements specific to the applicationare necessary, these shall be specified by the purchaser with theagreement of the seller.5. Basis of Purchase5.1 The
47、purchase order or inquiry for these materials shallstate the specification number, type, class, category, and, ifneeded, the appropriate grade, for example, D1248IA5-E4.5.2 It is acceptable for further definition to be agreed uponbetween the seller and the purchaser as follows:5.2.1 Nominal density.
48、NOTE 12For Class B, Class C, and Class D material, the nominaldensity of the base resin will be identified by the manufacturer uponrequest.5.2.2 Nominal flow rate.5.2.3 Antioxidant(s) or Other Additive(s) and Proportions:5.2.3.1 Class AAs stated in 4.1.2.1,5.2.3.2 Class BAs stated in 4.1.2.2,5.2.3.3
49、 Class CAs stated in 4.1.2.3, and5.2.3.4 Class DAs stated in 4.1.2.4.5.2.4 Contamination level (see 6.2).5.2.5 Other supplementary definition, unless grade is suffi-cient and is identified (see 4.1.4.1 and 4.1.4.2).TABLE 2 Classification of Polyethylene Plastics ExtrusionMaterials for Wire and Cable According to CategoryCategoryNominal Flow Rate, g/10 min(190C, 2.16 kg load)1 252 10 to 253 1.0to104 0.4to1.05 0.4 maxD1248 1235.3 Inspection (see 13.1).6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 The extrusion material for wire and cable shall bepolyethylene plastic in
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