1、Designation: D1335 11Standard Test Method forTuft Bind of Pile Yarn Floor Coverings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1335; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in p
2、arentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of forcerequired to pull
3、or break a tuft from a pile floor coveringsample.1.2 This test method is applicable to both cut and loop pileyarn floor covering.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for info
4、rmation onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulat
5、ory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for TextilesD123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile TestMethod that Produces
6、 Normally Distributed DataD2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias forTextiles3D5684 Terminology Relating to Pile Floor Coverings3. Terminology3.1 For all terminology related to Pile Floor Coverings,D13.21, refer to Terminology D5684.3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard
7、:carpet, constant-rate-of-extension, cut pile yarn floor covering,finished, finished pile yarn floor covering, floor covering, looppile yarn floor covering, pile, pile yarn floor covering, textilefloor covering, tuft, tuft bind, tuft leg, tufted fabric.3.2 For all other terminology related to textil
8、es see Termi-nology D123.4. Summary of Method4.1 Atest sample is mounted in a special clamping fixture tothe base of a tensile testing machine. A hook (for loopsspecimen) or a tuft clamp (for cut pile specimen) are used toremove a specimen from the sample. The force to pull thespecimen free from the
9、 test sample is measured as the tuft bind.5. Significance and Use5.1 Test Method D1335 for tuft bind of pile yarn floorcoverings is being used for acceptance testing of commercialshipments. Comparative tests as directed in 5.1.1 may beadvisable.5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences inr
10、eported test results using this test method, the purchaser andthe supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine ifthere is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competentstatistical assistance is recommended from the investigation ofbias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a
11、 group of testsamples that are homogeneous as possible and are from a lot ofmaterial of the type in question. The test samples should thenbe randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory fortesting. The average results from the two laboratories should becompared using appropriate statistical
12、 analysis, and a probabil-ity level chosen by the two parties before testing begun. If abias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected orthe purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret futuretest results with consideration to the known bias.5.2 The satisfactory performance of a p
13、ile yarn floor cover-ing depends to a considerable extent on the maintenance of itsoriginal appearance. In a cut pile yarn floor covering aninadequate tuft bind may result in complete loss of pile in areasexposed to severe wear. In a looped pile yarn floor covering1This test method is under the juri
14、sdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textilesand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.21 on Pile Floor Coverings.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2011. Published September 2011. Originallyapproved in 1954. Discontinued in November 1995 and reinstated as D1335 98.Last previous edition approv
15、ed in 2005 as D1335 05. DOI: 10.1520/D1335-11.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn. The
16、 last approved version of this historical standard is referencedon www.astm.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.with inadequate tuft bind the pile loops may be pulled out toform unsightly long loops which may be hazar
17、dous.6. Apparatus6.1 Tensile Testing Machine, Constant-rate-of-extension(CRE) type, conforming to Specification D76, with a capacityselected such that the force required to complete the test fallswithin 15 to 85 % of full scale. A full scale ranging from 1 to25 lbf (4.45 to 111 N) is generally adequ
18、ate. For constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type and constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT)type machines, the rate is 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 10mm/min). In case of controversy the CRE type tensile testingmachine shall prevail.NOTE 1The test results obtained with different types of testingmachines is not alwa
19、ys the same.6.2 Clamps and Jaw FacesThe use of hydraulic orpneumatic clamping systems with a minimum of 1 by 3 in. (25by 76 mm) serrated or padded faces designed to minimizeslippage in the clamps during testing is recommended. Manualclamping is permitted providing no slippage of the specimen isobser
20、ved. The faces shall be parallel and have matching centerswith respect to one another in the same clamp and to thecorresponding jaw face of the other clamp.6.3 Metal Cylindrical Sample Holder, 6.0 6 0.5 in. (152 612 mm) long made from 1.5 6 0.06 in. (38 6 1.5 mm) outsidediameter tubing with a sectio
21、n 2.0 6 0.2 in. (50 6 5.0 mm)long and 1.5 6 0.2 in. (38 6 5 mm) wide cut away from thecenter portion of the tubing. See Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. The sampleholder should be constructed in a manner that will permitclamping the test sample in the non-measuring clamp of thetensile testing machine or replaceme
22、nt of the non-measuringclamp by the sample holder.6.4 Tuft Clamp, for use with a cut pile specimen. The clampis a tweezer-like device that can be used to grip a single tufttightly enough to ensure removal from the sample withoutslippage. The gripping of the tuft by the tuft clamp is shown inFig. 3.
23、Alternatively, a hemostat4can be used.6.5 Loop Hook, for use with loop pile specimen. The hookshould be designed to readily pass through a tufted loop. Thehook should be made of steel wire having a diameter of at least132 in. (0.8 mm). The wire must be constructed so that it can behooked into the te
24、st specimen and then clamped/attached to, orreplace, the measuring clamp of the test machine. (See Fig. 4).4Hemostats suitable for this purpose can be obtained from many laboratoryequipment suppliers.FIG. 1 Relative Position of Cylinder Opening, Cylinder, theCylinder, Hook or Tuft Clamp and the Carp
25、et SampleFIG. 2 Cylinder ConfigurationFIG. 3 Tuft Clamp Device Gripping Tuft LegD1335 1127. Sampling7.1 Lot SampleAs a lot sample for acceptance testing,take at random the number of rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floorcovering as directed in an applicable material specification orother agreement bet
26、ween the purchaser and the supplier.Consider the rolls, or pieces, of pile yarn floor covering to bethe primary sampling units. In the absence of such agreement,take one roll or piece from the lot to be tested.NOTE 2An adequate specification or other agreement between thepurchaser and supplier requi
27、res taking into account the variability betweenrolls or pieces of pile yarn floor covering and between specimens from aroll or pieces of pile yarn floor covering to provide a sampling plan witha meaningful producers risk, consumers risk, acceptable quality level,and limiting quality level.7.2 Labora
28、tory SampleFor acceptance testing, cut a sec-tion extending the full width of the pile yarn floor covering andat least 4 in. (100 mm) longer than the test sample requested in7.3, from each roll, or piece, in the lot. For rolls of pile floorcovering, take a sample that will exclude fabric with visibl
29、edamage.7.3 Test SampleFrom each laboratory sampling unit, cutfive test samples with the longer direction parallel to themachine direction. Consider the long direction as the directionof test. Cut each test sample 6 by 8 in. (150 by 205 mm). Thetest sample should be taken no nearer to the edge than
30、5 % ofthe pile yarn floor covering width.7.3.1 If the pile floor covering is back coated only, exercisecare in handling the sample to prevent breaking, or otherwisedisturbing, the back coating.7.4 Test SpecimensTest three specimens from each testsample. A specimen is a tuft leg or loop. In cases whe
31、re a pileyarn floor covering contains both cut and uncut pile, test onlythe uncut (loop).NOTE 3If the uncut (loop) is satisfactory, the cut pile will beadequate.7.5 Test ResultThe test result is the average for the threespecimens in a test sample.8. Preparation and Verification of Apparatus8.1 Tensi
32、le Testing Machine, A constant-rate-of extension(CRE) type conforming to Specification D76 with a constantrate-of-traverse of 12 6 0.5 in./min (300 6 12 mm/min) ispreferred. A constant-rate-of-traverse (CRT) type tensile test-ing machine conforming to Specification D76 and operated atthe same speed
33、is permitted.8.2 If required, replace the nonmeasuring clamp of the testmachine with the sample holder described in 6.3.8.3 Replace the measuring clamp of the test machine with,or attach to the measuring clamp of the test machine, the tuftclamp described in 6.4 or the loop-hook described in 6.5depen
34、ding on which is required for the type of pile yarn floorcovering under test (Note 3).8.3.1 Because the tuft clamp or loop hook is attached to, orreplaces, the usual measuring clamp of the test machine,compensate for the effect of the altered mass of the clamp toretain the previous verification of t
35、he testing machine.9. Conditioning9.1 Bring the test samples to moisture equilibrium fortesting in the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, ap-proaching equilibrium from the dry side, without heat. Deter-mine that moisture equilibrium for testing has been attained asdirected in Practice D1776.1
36、0. Procedure10.1 Cut Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.1.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.10.1.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder and placein the stationary clamp jaws with the rows of tufts (machinedirection) at right angles to the long axis of t
37、he holder in sucha position that the tuft to be tested is approximately centeredover the cut away portion of the holder. The tension on the testsample should be uniform across the clamp width so that thesample presents an undistorted cylindrical surface over the cutaway section of the sample holder.
38、 Locate a tuft or loop to bepulled out directly below the center of the pulling clamp orhook (see Fig. 1).10.1.3 Select only one specimen for testing from any onerow and allow at least 1.0 in. (25 mm) between any tuft testedand the edge of the sample.10.1.4 Using the tuft clamp grip one tuft leg (Fi
39、g. 3). Makecertain that all fibers forming the tuft leg are securely grippedby the tuft clamp. If multiple, single yarn ends form a leg,FIG. 4 Loop Hook Secured in the Upper Clamp (Note the hookhas been passed through the loop)D1335 113combine all the yarn ends, and test as one end. Take care not to
40、pinch, “break the back” or otherwise deform the test sample inthe selection of, and attachment of the clamp to, the specimenunder test.10.1.5 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum forceto remove the tuft to the nearest 0.1 lbf (0.5 N). This force iscalled a tuft bind.10.1.6 If the specimen b
41、reaks before it pulls away from thepile floor covering, evaluate the tuft and determine if the breakwas: (a) away from the jaw of the clamp, or (b) at the jaws ofthe clamp. If the break is away from the jaws of the clamp,consider the tuft bind strength of the specimen greater than thestrength of the
42、 yarn and record the value. Note that thespecimens tuft bind exceeded the strength for the yarn.Conversely, if the break is at the jaws of the clamp, discard theresult because the clamping of the specimen damaged the tuftleg. Note that the specimen was discarded because of clampingdamage to the spec
43、imen.10.1.7 Test the remaining specimens taking them fromdifferent tuft rows at least 1 in. (25 mm) away from the firstspecimen.10.2 Loop Pile Yarn Floor Covering:10.2.1 Test the conditioned specimens in the standard atmo-sphere for testing textiles.10.2.2 Mount the test sample on the sample holder
44、asdescribed in 10.1.2.10.2.3 Select only one loop for testing from any one row oftufts and allow at least 25 mm (1.0 in.) between any loop testedand the edge of the test sample. Insert the loop hook in the loopto be tested. See Fig. 4.NOTE 4If Section 10 is not followed, a spurious value may beobtai
45、ned because one or both ends of the tested loop may be buried in theback construction for a number of construction repeats.10.2.4 Start the testing machine. Record the maximum forceto remove the loop specimen from the sample to the nearest 0.1lbf (0.5 N). This value is called tuft bind. If the yarn
46、breaksbefore the tuft is removed from the sample, record the resultand note that the tuft blind strength exceeded the yarn strength.10.2.5 Test the remaining specimens taking them from adifferent tuft row.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the average tuft bind to the nearest 1.0 lbf(0.5 N) for each test
47、 sample, each laboratory sampling unit, andthe lot.11.1.1 Tufting machines can produce stitches which crossover other stitches on the back side of the material. The stitchesin the plane which are closest to the primary backing, and thosewhich cross over other stitches create a bimodal distribution o
48、fnumbers which should not be used to calculate an “average”value without including an expression of the averages varia-tion (that is, the population range or standard deviation).12. Report12.1 State that the tests were performed as directed in theTest Method D1335. Describe the product sampled and t
49、hemethod of sampling.12.2 Report the following information:12.2.1 The tuft bind for each test sample, laboratory sample,and the lot sample.12.2.2 The number of specimens tested, and samples tested.12.2.3 The type of tensile testing machine used for the test.12.2.4 Any specimen that broke before being removed fromthe backing.12.2.5 Any specimens that were discarded.13. Precision and Bias13.1 SummaryIn comparing two averages, the differencesshould not exceed the single-operator precision values shownin Tables 1 and 2 for the respective number of tests in 95 outof 10
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