1、Designation: D139 12Standard Test Method forFloat Test for Bituminous Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D139; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parent
2、heses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the float test for bituminousmaterials.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in
3、 parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by EPA andmany state agencies as a hazardous material that can causecentral nervous system, kidney, and liver damage. Mercury, orits vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive tomaterials. Caution should be taken when h
4、andling mercury andmercury-containing products. See the applicable product Ma-terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPAs website(http:/www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm) for additional informa-tion. Users should be aware that selling mercury or mercury-containing products, or both, in your state
5、 may be prohibited bystate law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitatio
6、ns prior to use. For a specificprecaution statement, see 6.1.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statementsfor Test Methods for Construction MaterialsD244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified AsphaltsD3666 Specification for Minimum Requireme
7、nts for Agen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD6997 Test Method for Distillation of Emulsified AsphaltE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers2.2 IEC Standard:IEC 60854 Methods of Measuring the Performance of Ul-trasonic Pulse-Echo Diagnostic Equipment33. Summary of
8、 Test Method3.1 A plug of bitumen is cast in a tapered collar. Theassembled float and collar is then floated in the testing bath atthe specified temperature. The time, in seconds, betweenplacing the apparatus on the water and the water breakingthrough the material shall be taken as a measure of thec
9、onsistency of the material under examination.4. Significance and Use4.1 The float test characterizes the flow behavior or consis-tency of certain bituminous materials.4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consis-tency of bitumen as one element in establishing the uniformityof certain shi
10、pments or sources of supply.5. Apparatus5.1 FloatThe float (Fig. 1) shall be made of aluminum oraluminum alloy and shall be in accordance with the followingrequirements:Min Normal MaxMass of float, g 37.70 37.90 38.10Total height of float, mm 34.0 35.0 36.0Height of rim above lower 26.5 27.0 27.5sid
11、e of shoulder, mmThickness of shoulder, mm 1.3 1.4 1.5Diameter of opening, mm 11.0 11.1 11.25.2 CollarThe collar (Fig. 1) shall be made of brass andshall be in accordance with the following requirements:Min Normal MaxMass of collar, g 9.60 9.80 10.00Over-all height of collar, mm 22.3 22.5 22.7Inside
12、 diameter at bottom, mm 12.72 12.82 12.92Inside diameter at top, mm 9.65 9.70 9.75The top of the collar shall screw up tightly against the lowerside of the shoulder.5.3 Verification of AssemblyThe assembled float andcollar, with the collar filled flush with the bottom and weightedto a total mass of
13、53.2 g, shall float upon water with the rim 8.51This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.44 onRheological Tests.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published December 2012. Originallyapproved
14、in 1922. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D139 07. DOI:10.1520/D0139-12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page
15、 onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16 1.5 mm above the surface of the water
16、. This adjustment ofthe total mass of the assembly is for the purpose only ofstandardizing the depth of immersion in the testing bath.5.4 Thermometric DeviceAn ASTM Low Softening PointThermometer, graduated in either Celsius or Fahrenheit de-grees as specified, having a range from 2 to +80C or +30 t
17、o+180F and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer15C or 15F, respectively, as prescribed in Specification E1,orequivalent thermometric device.5.4.1 A thermometer consisting of K type 30 AWG gaugethermocouple and a meter capable of reading 25C (77F) to260C (500F). The thermocouple shall be 61
18、 to 76 cm (24 to30 in.) in length. This thermometer shall conform to thetemperature/voltage tables of the National Institute of Stan-dards and Technology and to the IEC 60854 standards for K-,J-, and T-type thermocouples.5.5 Testing BathA circular bath of at least 185 mm ininternal diameter and cont
19、aining water at least 185 mm indepth; or a rectangular bath with minimum internal dimensionsof 150 mm width and 300 mm length, and containing water atleast 110 mm in depth. The height of the surface of thecontainer above the water shall be at least 40 mm. The bathshall be heated by electric, gas, or
20、 other suitable means.Astandor other suitable support shall be available to hold thethermometric device in the proper position in the bath duringthe test.5.6 Water Bath at 5C (41F)A water bath of suitabledimensions maintained at 5.0 6 1.0C (41.0 6 1.8F) whichmay be accomplished by means of melting i
21、ce.5.7 Brass Pouring PlateA flat, smooth brass plate ap-proximately 75 by 50 mm that has been treated to prevent thebituminous material from adhering to it.Asuitable treatment isto coat the plate just before use with a thin layer of a mixtureof glycerin and dextrin, talc, or kaolin (china clay). Oth
22、erplates or coatings, or both, may be used, providing similarresults are achieved.6. Precautions6.1 Special precautions should be taken to ensure that thecollar fits tightly into the float and to see that there is noseepage of water between the collar and float during the test.7. Procedure7.1 Place
23、the brass collar with the smaller end on the coatedplate.7.2 Melt the sample completely at the lowest possibletemperature that will bring it to a sufficiently fluid condition foreasy pouring, excepting creosote-oil residues, which shall bemixed and poured at a temperature of 100 to 125C (212 to257F)
24、. Stir the sample thoroughly until it is homogeneous andfree from air bubbles. Then pour it into the collar in anyconvenient manner until slightly more than level with the top.7.3 Emulsified AsphaltsTest the distillation residue fromTest Method D6997 in accordance with Examination ofResidue, Float T
25、est section of Test Methods and PracticesD244. The pouring temperature for high float emulsion resi-dues can be critical. If a high float residue sample fails orappears to be poured at a cooler than specified temperature, thespecified pouring temperature shall be confirmed in a refereesample by use
26、of a 30-gauge thermocouple probe and instru-ment. Position the thermocouple probe into the top center ofthe collar from above. Record the maximum temperaturemeasured while the residue is being poured into the collar. Fillthe collar until slightly more than level with the top, andquickly remove the t
27、hermocouple.7.4 Asphalt and Asphalt ProductsCool asphalt and asphaltproducts to room temperature for 15 to 60 min, then place themfor 5 min in the water bath at 5C, after which trim the surplusmaterial flush with the top of the collar by means of a spatulaor steel knife that has been slightly heated
28、. Then place thecollar and plate in the water bath at 5C and leave them in thisbath for 15 to 30 min.7.5 Tar ProductsImmediately immerse tar products for 5min in the water bath at 5C (41F), after which trim thesurplus material flush with the top of the collar by means of aspatula or steel knife that
29、 has been slightly heated. Then placethe collar and plate in the water bath at 5C (41F) and leavethem in this bath for not less than 15 nor more than 30 min.7.6 Heat the water in the testing bath to the temperature atwhich the test is to be made. This temperature shall not varythroughout the test mo
30、re than 0.5C (0.9F) from the tempera-ture specified, using any suitable means of heating the bath,without stirring. Determine the temperature by immersing thethermometric measuring device with the bottom of the deviceat a depth of 40 6 2 mm below the water surface.7.7 After the material to be tested
31、 has been kept in the waterbath at 5C (41F) for 15 to 30 min, remove the collar with itscontents from the plate and screw into the aluminum float.FIG. 1 Float Test ApparatusD139 122Completely immerse the assembly for 1 min in the water bathat 5C (41F ). Then remove the water from the inside of thefl
32、oat and immediately float the assembly on the testing bath.Lateral drift of the assembly shall be permitted, but no spinningmotion shall be intentionally imparted thereto. As the plug ofmaterial becomes warm and fluid, it is forced upward and outof the collar until the water gains entrance into the
33、saucer andcauses it to sink.7.8 Determine the time, in seconds, between placing theapparatus on the water and the water breaking through thematerial by means of a stop watch, and take as a measure of theconsistency of the material under examination.8. Precision and Bias8.1 Criteria for judging the a
34、cceptability of float test resultsobtained by this test method are given in Table 1Precision.8.2 No information can be presented on bias of the proce-dure in Test Method D139 for measuring Float because nomaterial having an accepted reference value is available.8.3 The equipment, personnel and quali
35、ty procedures can beevaluated in accordance with D3666.9. Keywords9.1 asphalt; bitumen; float; high float; pouring temperature;tarASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard a
36、re expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not
37、 revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which y
38、ou may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,Unite
39、d States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may al
40、so be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).TABLE 1 PrecisionNOTE 1The values given in Column 2 are the coefficients of variation that have been found to be appropriate for the materials and conditions of testdescribed in Column 1. The values given in Column 3 are the limits that s
41、hould not be exceeded by the difference between the results of two properlyconducted tests expressed as a percent of their mean.Material and Type IndexCoefficient of Variation, %of MeanAAcceptable Range of TwoResults, % of MeanASingle-operator precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 2.3 6.5Asphalt cements
42、and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 1.7 4.8Multilaboratory precision:Coal tar at 32 and 50C 4.2 11.9Asphalt cements and asphalt emulsion residues (120 penetration and above) at 60C 10.7 30.2AThe numbers represent respectively the (1s%) and (d2s%) limits as described in Practice C670.D139 123
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