ASTM D1544-2004(2018) Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale).pdf

1、Designation: D1544 04 (Reapproved 2018)Standard Test Method forColor of Transparent Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1544; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year o

2、f last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the me

3、asurement of the color oftransparent liquids by means of comparison with arbitrarilynumbered glass standards.1.2 Users of this method should have normal color vision.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This s

4、tandard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This

5、international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (T

6、BT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids byBubble Time MethodD6166 Test Method for Color of Pine Chemicals and Re-lated Products (Instrumental Determination of GardnerColor)E308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usi

7、ngthe CIE System3. Significance and Use3.1 This test method applies to drying oils, varnishes, fattyacids, polymerized fatty acids, and resin solutions. Its applica-tion to other materials has not been tested.4. Apparatus4.1 Glass Standards, 18, numbered separately, and havingthe color characteristi

8、cs given in Table 1. The color shall beproduced by the glass components only. Some glass standardsin use today do not conform to the values reported in Table 1.The calibration of glass standards should be verified prior touse; a suitable procedure for their calibration is contained inAppendix X1.4.2

9、 Glass Tubes, clear, 10.65 mm in inside diameter andabout 114 mm in outside length. (Viscosity tubes, as describedin Test Method D1545, are satisfactory.)4.3 Suitable apparatus for comparing sample and standard.The apparatus may be of any design, but should have thefollowing characteristics:4.3.1 Il

10、luminationCIE Illuminant C.4.3.2 Surrounding FieldThe field should be black.4.3.3 Field of ViewThe specimen and one or more stan-dards should subtend a visual angle of about 2 and be in thefield of view simultaneously.4.3.4 Separation of Standard and SpecimenThere shouldbe a perceptible separation b

11、etween specimen and standard, butthis should be as small as is mechanically possible.5. Procedure5.1 Fill a glass tube with the material under test. If thematerial is perceptibly cloudy, first filter it.5.2 Compare with glass standards, determining which stan-dard most closely matches the specimen i

12、n brightness andsaturation. Ignore hue differences.6. Report6.1 Report the color as the number of the standard mostclosely matching the specimen. If more precise measurementsare needed, report as either matching a standard or lighter ordarker. Thus, between colors 5 and 6, the steps will be 5, 5+,6,

13、 and 6.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D01 on Paint andRelated Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.26 on Optical Properties.Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published June 2018. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last prev

14、ious edition approved in 2010 as D1544 04 (2010).DOI: 10.1520/D1544-04R18.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe

15、ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelop

16、ment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.16.2 Report any significant difference in hue between thesample and the nearest-match standard.7. Precision and Bias7.1 On the basis of a study in which one

17、observer at each of80 laboratories made duplicate determinations on four samples,the “between” and “within” standard deviations were found tobe 0.5 and 0.1 color number, respectively. Based on thesestandard deviations, the following criteria should be used forjudging the acceptability of results at

18、the 95 % confidencelevel.7.2 RepeatabilityTwo results obtained by a single opera-tor should be considered suspect if they differ by more than twothirds of a color number.7.3 ReproducibilityTwo results, each of the mean ofduplicate measurements, made by operators in different labo-ratories should be

19、considered suspect if they differ by morethan four thirds of a color number.NOTE 1If desired, liquid standards matching the colors given in Table1, in glass tubes similar to the sample tubes may be used. These may befilled with potassium chloroplatinate for the light colors and solutions offerric ch

20、loride and cobalt chloride in hydrochloric acid for the darkercolors. The specifications and approximate composition of these solutionsare given in Test Method D1544 58 T.3Many Glass Standards in currentuse do not conform to the values of Table 1.NOTE 2The precision data were obtained using an instr

21、ument inwhich two standards are viewed simultaneously. There are other instru-ments available for color matching which would be expected to givesimilar results, but the statement above applies only to the instrumentchecked.8. Keywords8.1 glass filters; other measurements; transparent standardsAPPEND

22、IX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. CALIBRATION OF GLASS REFERENCE STANDARDSX1.1 Select a dual beam spectrophotometer with a suffi-ciently small light beam at the sample position so that all rayswill pass through the standards to be calibrated. Alternativelyequip the spectrophotometer with a condensing

23、lens to accom-plish this purpose.X1.2 Place the standards in turn in the sample position ofthe spectrophotometer. If the comparator is provided with aseparate green filter in front of the light source, place this filterin the reference beam of the dual beam spectrophotometerduring calibration of eac

24、h standard.X1.3 Obtain spectral transmittance data for each glassreference standard by following Practice E308.X1.4 From the spectral transmittance data for each refer-ence standard calculate the CIE tristimulus values, X, Y, Z, andthe chromaticity coordinates, x, y, for CIE Illuminant C (seePractic

25、e E308).3See 1961 Book of ASTM Standards, Part 8.TABLE 1 Color Specifications of Reference StandardsGardnerColorStandardNumberChromaticity CoordinatesALuminousTransmittanceY,%TransmittanceTolerance,xy1 0.3177 0.3303 80 72 0.3233 0.3352 79 73 0.3329 0.3452 76 64 0.3437 0.3644 75 55 0.3558 0.3840 74 4

26、6 0.3767 0.4061 71 47 0.4044 0.4352 67 48 0.4207 0.4498 64 49 0.4343 0.4640 61 410 0.4503 0.4760 57 411 0.4842 0.4818 45 412 0.5077 0.4638 36 513 0.5392 0.4458 30 614 0.5646 0.4270 22 615 0.5857 0.4089 16 216 0.6047 0.3921 11 117 0.6290 0.3701 6 118 0.6477 0.3521 4 1AA duplicate standard shall have

27、chromaticity coordinates that differ from thereference standard by no more than one third of the difference in x or y betweenadjacent reference standards. In any one set, no two standards shall be closertogether than two thirds of the difference in x or y between correspondingreference standards.D15

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