ASTM D1571 D1571M-1995(2009)e1 Standard Specification for Woven Asbestos Cloth《机织石棉布的标准规范机织》.pdf

1、Designation: D1571/D1571M 95 (Reapproved 2009)1Standard Specification forWoven Asbestos Cloth1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1571/D1571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi

2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEUnits information was corrected editorially in March 2010.1. Scope1.1 This specification covers woven asbestos cloth having aminimum of

3、75 % asbestos fiber by weight, excluding the massof other inorganic reinforcing strands which may be present.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, eachsystem shal

4、l be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningBreathing of asbestos dust is hazardous.Asbestos and asbestos products present demonstrated healthrisks for users and for those with whom they come into contact.In add

5、ition to other precautions, when working with asbestos-cement products, minimize the dust that results. For informa-tion on the safe use of chrysoltile asbestos, refer to “Safe Useof Chrysotile Asbestos: A Manual on Preventive and ControlMeasures.”21.4 The following safety caveat pertains only to th

6、e testmethods portion, Section 13, described in this specification:This standard does not purport to address all of the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicab

7、ility of regulatorylimitations prior to use. For specific safety hazard, see 1.3.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD299 Specification for Asbestos YarnsD1682 Methods of Test for Breaking Load and Elongationof Textile Fabrics4D1777 Test Method for Thickne

8、ss of Textile MaterialsD1910 Methods of Test for Construction Characteristics ofWoven Fabrics4D1918 Test Method for Asbestos Content of AsbestosTextilesD2100 Specification for Asbestos Textiles Used for Electri-cal Insulating PurposesD2946 Terminology for Asbestos and AsbestosCementProductsD3774 Tes

9、t Method for Width of Textile FabricD3775 Test Method for Warp (End) and Filling (Pick)Count of Woven FabricsD3776 Test Methods for Mass Per Unit Area (Weight) ofFabric3. Terminology3.1 For definitions of other textile terms used in thisspecification, refer to Terminology D123. For asbestos terms,re

10、fer to Terminology D2946.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 asbestos textile, nhydrous magnesium silicate ser-pentine mineral designated as chrysotile and having the em-pirical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)4.4. Classification4.1 The classes of asbestos cloth are based on the nature ofthe yarns from which they are woven.4

11、.1.1 Class ACloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing no reinforcing strands.4.1.2 Class BCloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing wire reinforcement.4.1.3 Class CCloth constructed of asbestos yarns contain-ing organic reinforcing strands.4.1.4 Class DCloth constructed of asbestos yarns

12、 contain-ing nonmetallic inorganic reinforcing strands.4.1.5 Class ECloth constructed of two or more of theyarns used in cloth Classes A through D.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C17 onFiber-Reinforced Cement Products and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeC1

13、7.03 on Asbestos - Cement Sheet Products and Accessories.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2009. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1958. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1571 95(2004)1.DOI: 10.1520/D1571_D1571M-95R09E01.2Available from The Asbestos Institute, http:/ referenced AST

14、M standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.4Withdrawn.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, We

15、st Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4.2 GradesThe grades of asbestos cloth are based on thepercentage of asbestos content by mass as stated in Table 1.4.3 Styles:4.3.1 The style designation employed by the ATI uses botha numerical and alphabetical classification. In metallic cloths,the fir

16、st two digits denote the weight per square yard expressedin ounces. The letter “M” indicates that the fabric is made withmetallic or wire-inserted yarns, and the final digit or digitsindicate the cut number of the yarns employed. In plain ornon-metallic cloths, the meaning of each numerical designat

17、ionis the same as that used in the metallic cloth classification. Thealphabetical letter designates the weave used. The letter “P”stands for plain weave, “H” indicates a herringbone construc-tion, and “T” denotes a twill.4.3.2 Typical styles of non-metallic asbestos cloths arepresented in Table 2.4.

18、3.3 Typical styles of metallic (wire-inserted) asbestoscloths are presented in Table 3.5. Ordering Information5.1 Woven asbestos cloth is normally purchased on the basisof class, grade, weave, style, mass per unit area (weight),thickness, and width as specified in the order.Asbestos cloth isnormally

19、 furnished in rolls of 50 or 100 m 50 or 100 yd.6. Materials and Manufacture6.1 YarnAsbestos cloth shall be uniformly woven from aspecified grade of asbestos yarn with or without reinforcement.6.2 Wire ReinforcementThe wire reinforcement may bebrass, copper, zinc, nickel, nichrome, inconel, monel, o

20、r othermetal or alloy as specified in the order.6.3 Organic ReinforcementThe organic reinforcementsmay be cotton, nylon, rayon or other spun or filament yarn(s)as specified in the order.6.4 Inorganic ReinforcementThe inorganic reinforcementmay be glass, or other ceramic or vitreous spun or filamenty

21、arn(s) as specified in the order.7. Chemical Composition7.1 Asbestos ContentThe asbestos content of the particu-lar grade specified shall conform to the limits stated in Table 1.8. Physical Properties8.1 Electromagnetic PropertiesCloth to be used for elec-trical insulating purposes shall conform to

22、the requirements inSpecification D2100.9. Mechanical Properties9.1 Tensile (Breaking) StrengthThe breaking strength(breaking load) of asbestos cloth shall be as agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller.10. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations10.1 WidthThe width of asbestos cloth shall

23、 be within thefollowing limits:Nominal Width Permissible LimitsUptoandincluding1m40in. 612 mm 0.5 in.Over 1 m 40 in. up to and including 1.5 m 60 in. 619 mm 0.75 in.Over 1.5 m 60 in. 625 mm 1.00 in.10.2 Thickness:10.2.1 The thickness of asbestos cloth shall be within thefollowing limits:Nominal Thic

24、kness Permissible Limits1.25 mm 0.050 in. and under 60.12 mm 0.005 in.Over 1.25 mm 0.050 in. +0.25 mm 0.010 in.0.12 mm 0.005 in.10.2.2 The thicknesses of single-ply cloths range fromapproximately 0.4 to 2.5 mm 0.015 in. to 0.100 in. Fabricsup to 40 mm 1.5 in. in thickness can be woven in multi-plyco

25、nstruction.10.3 Mass per Unit Area (Weight)The mass per unit area(weight) of asbestos cloth shall be within 67 % of the specifiedmass.10.4 Fabric CountThe warp ends or filling picks shall bewithin the following limits:Ends or Picks per Unit Length Permissible Limits500 or less/mm 20 or less/in. 61 e

26、nd or pick/25 mm 1 in.More than 500 mm 20/in. 65 % of the specified count10.5 Yarn Number (Cut)The yarn number (cut) shall be asspecified and shall conform to the requirements stated inSpecification D299.11. Sampling11.1 From each lot of cloth, take a lot sample in a randommanner to be representativ

27、e of the lot in accordance with theschedule in Table 4. Cut a specimen from each sample roll,each specimen to be the full width of the roll and at least 0.5m 0.5 yd long. The specimen may be taken from the cut endof the roll.12. Specimen Preparation12.1 Condition all specimens (without preconditioni

28、ng) fora period of 4 h, or until the specimen shows no progressivechange in mass of more than 0.1% after an exposure of 0.5 h,in an atmosphere having a relative humidity of 50 6 2%at216 1.1C.13. Test Methods13.1 Mensuration:13.1.1 ScopeThis test method covers the determination ofthe width, thickness

29、, mass per unit area (weight), fabric count,and yarn number (cut) of woven asbestos cloth.13.1.2 Significance and UseThe mensurations and dimen-sions of woven asbestos cloth are of prime importance incharacterizing woven asbestos cloth. These dimensions arenecessary (though not sufficient) to establ

30、ish the cloths suit-ability for specific applications.13.1.3 HazardsWarningsee 1.3.13.1.4 Procedure:TABLE 1 Grades of Woven Asbestos TapeGrade Asbestos Content, weight percentCommercial 75 up to but excluding 80Underwriters 80 up to but excluding 85A 85 up to but excluding 90AA 90 up to but excludin

31、g 95AAA 95 up to but excluding 99AAAA 99 to 100 inclusiveD1571/D1571M 95 (2009)1213.1.4.1 WidthMeasure the width of the cloth, either onthe full roll or on a short specimen from each sample roll, asdirected in Methods D1910.13.1.4.2 ThicknessMeasure the thickness of the cloth asdirected in Method D1

32、777. Use a gage of the deadweight typeequipped with a dial graduated to read directly to 0.025 mm0.001 in., and having a circular presser foot with a diameterof 9.5 6 0.025 mm 0.375 6 0.001 in. The presser foot andmoving parts connected therewith shall be weighted so as toapply a total load of 170 6

33、 3g66 0.1 oz, equivalent inpressure to 23.4 kPa 3.4 psi to the specimen. Make tenthickness measurements on a specimen from each sample roll.Make no measurement within 75 mm 3 in. of any edge of thespecimen, and distribute the places of measurement approxi-mately uniformly over the specimen. Report t

34、he calculatedaverage of all measurements as the average thickness of the lot.13.1.4.3 Mass per Unit Area (Weight)From each sampleroll, cut a specimen not less than 0.5 m 0.5 yd in length andacross the full width of the cloth, measuring the length andwidth of the specimen to the nearest 2.5 mm 0.1 in

35、. in at leastthree places, using a steel tape or rigid rule. Make sure that thespecimen is free from tension, wrinkles, and folds. Weigh thespecimen to the nearest 5 g 0.01 lb. Using the average lengthand average width, calculate the mass per square metre orsquare yard.13.1.4.4 Report the calculated

36、 mass of each sample inkilograms per square metre or pounds per square yard.13.2 Fabric CountDetermine the fabric count (warp yarnends per 25 mm 1 in. and filling yarn picks per 25 mm 1 in.)on one or more specimens for each sample roll taken for test asdirected in Test Methods D3774, D3775, and D377

37、6.13.2.1 Report the number of ends per 25 mm 1 in. countedto the nearest individual warp yarn and the picks per 13.2calculated to the nearest filling yarn.13.2.2 Precision and BiasRefer to Section 14.13.3 Asbestos Content:TABLE 2 Weight and Construction of Typical Plain (Non-Metallic) Asbestos Cloth

38、sMass Per Unit AreaATI Style No.AConstruction Tensile StrengthBkg/m26 7%Weightlb/sq yd6 7%Number ofEnds perNumber ofPicks perWarpYarnNumberFillYarnNumberWarp Fillcm in. cm in. N lbf N lbf0.27 0.50 8P26 8 20 6 14 2610 2610 130 30 110 250.35 0.65 10P24 8 21 9 22 2410 2410 180 40 200 450.38 0.70 11P20

39、8 21 7 17 2010 2010 180 40 130 300.41 0.75 12P18 8 21 7 17 1810 1810 180 40 130 300.49 0.90 14P17 8 21 7 19 1710 1710 240 55 220 500.52 0.95 15P26 6 15 6 14 2620 2620 200 45 180 400.56 1.05 17P10 8 20 6 15 1010 1710 290 65 180 400.56 1.05 17P24 6 16 6 15 2420 2420 240 55 220 500.60 1.10 18P10G 5 13

40、4 9 1010 1010 400 90 310 700.65 1.20 19H20 14 35 11 27 2010 2010 440 100 330 750.68 1.25 20P28 11 27 5 13 2820 2820 360 80 180 400.71 1.30 21P10 38381020 1020 200 45 180 400.71 1.30 21P16 5 12 6 15 1620 1620 240 55 310 700.76 1.40 22P10G 7 18 4 9 1010 1010 560 125 310 700.76 1.40 22P16 7 19 4 10 162

41、0 1620 360 80 180 400.76 1.40 22P22 9 24 5 12 2220 2220 330 75 160 350.79 1.45 23P18 7 17 6 14 1820 1820 240 55 220 500.81 1.50 24P10 49491020 1020 220 50 200 450.90 1.65 26P10 4 10 4 10 1020 1020 240 55 220 500.90 1.65 26P12 5 13 5 13 1220 1220 290 65 270 600.90 1.65 26P14 6 14 6 14 1420 1420 330 7

42、5 310 700.95 1.75 28P16 9 24 4 10 1620 1620 510 115 220 500.98 1.80 29P10 6 16 4 10 1020 1010 400 90 130 300.98 1.80 29P14 8 20 4 10 1420 1420 420 95 180 401.06 1.95 31P12 4 10 4 11 1020 1230 240 55 440 101.08 2.00 32P12 7 18 4 9 1220 1220 400 90 180 01.14 2.10 34P10 6 16 4 9 1020 1020 400 90 200 40

43、1.22 2.25 36P8 6 16 2 6 820 820 440 100 180 451.22 2.25 36P10 7 18 4 9 1020 1020 560 125 220 401.23 2.27 37P10 7 18 4 10 1020 1120 600 135 240 501.27 2.35 38P12 8 20 5 12 1220 1220 470 105 240 551.4 2.50 40P10 8 20 4 10 1020 1020 600 135 240 551.4 2.50 40P14 11 28 6 14 1420 1420 710 160 310 551.6 3.

44、00 48P10 7 18 4 9 1030 1020 800 180 240 701.6 3.00 48T12 12 30 4 10 1220 1220 760 170 220 551.8 3.30 53T12 14 36 5 12 1220 1220 800 180 240 502.0 3.70 59T12 16 40 6 14 1220 1220 . . . 552.3 4.20 67P10DC 12 30 6 14 1020 1020 . . . .2.6 4.75 76P10DC 15 37 6 16 1020 1020 . . . .2.8 5.25 84P10DC 16 40 6

45、 15 1020 820 . . . .3.0 5.50 88P10DC 16 40 5 13.5 1020 1030 . . . .AThe letter “P” in Style Number indicates Plain Cloth. “H” indicates Herringbone Construction. “T” indicates Twill.BMinimum average of 5 tests, grab method, according to Specification D1682.D1571/D1571M 95 (2009)1313.3.1 Determine th

46、e asbestos content on one or morespecimens from each sample roll as directed in Test MethodD1918.13.3.2 Report the average asbestos content as directed inTest Method D1918.13.4 Tensile (Breaking) Strength (Breaking Load):13.4.1 Determine the breaking strength by the Grab Methodas directed in Test Me

47、thod D1682. Make five tests on the warpspecimens and eight tests on the filling specimens from eachsample roll.13.4.2 Report the average breaking load for specimens cutin each direction, for all specimens giving acceptable breaks.14. Precision and Bias14.1 Interlaboratory Test Data5An interlaborator

48、y testwas run in 1974 in which randomly drawn samples of threematerials were tested in four laboratories. One operator in eachlaboratory tested five specimens of each material. The compo-nents of variance expressed as standard deviations werecalculated to be the values listed in Table 5.14.2 Critica

49、l DifferencesFor the components of variance,two averages of observed values should be considered signifi-cantly different at the 95 % probability level if the differenceequals or exceeds the critical differences listed in Table 6.NOTE 1The tabulated value of the critical differences and confidencelimits should be considered to be a general statement, particularly withrespect to between-laboratory precision. Before a meaningful statemen