ASTM D1610-2001(2007) Standard Practice for Conditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing《试验用皮革和皮革制品修整的标准操作规程》.pdf

1、Designation: D 1610 01 (Reapproved 2007)Standard Practice forConditioning Leather and Leather Products for Testing1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1610; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year

2、 of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditi

3、oning of all units andspecimens of leather and leather products prior to testing andthe conditions under which they should be tested. This practicedoes not apply to wet blue.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibil

4、ity of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 1517 Terminology Relating to LeatherE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a Psy-chrometer

5、 (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 IU StandardsIUP/3 Conditioning23. Terminology3.1 Definition:3.1.1 For definitions of leather terms used in this practice,refer to Terminology D 1517.3.1.2 standard atmospheric conditionsfor leather andleather testing, one of two sets of condit

6、ions:(1) a temperature of 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F and a relativehumidity of 50 6 4%(2) a temperature of 20 6 2C (68.0 6 3.6F) and a relativehumidity of 65 6 4%.Condition set (1) is used as the standard for leather testing inNorth America and condition set (2) is used as the standard forleather testing

7、in Europe and Japan.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible test results on leather and leatherproducts by the standardization of the relative humidity andtemperature conditions to which the leather or leather productis subjected pr

8、ior to and during testing.5. Significance and Use5.1 Temperature and relative humidity have an influence onmany of the physical properties of leather. Depending onenvironmental conditions the moisture content in leather mayvary significantly. Standardized conditioning in part allows forreliable comp

9、arisons to be made among different leather andleather products, and among different laboratories.6. Apparatus6.1 Room, in which the standard atmosphere is automati-cally maintained.6.2 PsychrometerEither a sling psychrometer, or a sta-tionary type psychrometer having the air circulated over thetherm

10、ometer bulbs.NOTE 1It is preferable to draw air over the thermometer bulb ratherthan blow air, from a fan source, over them. Heat from the fan may causeerrors in the readings.6.3 ThermometersThe thermometers should conform ap-proximately to the following requirements: range 0 to 52C (32to 122 F); gr

11、aduation 0.2C (0.5F). They should be matchedto within 0.1C (0.25F) throughout the range used.NOTE 2Under ordinary conditions, an error of 1 % in relativehumidity corresponds to an error of approximately 0.1C (0.2F) in thewet-bulb depression.6.4 Chamber for maintaining 65 % relative humidityArelative

12、 humidity of 65 6 2 % at 20 6 2C can be maintainedin a closed space by the use of a saturated solution of certainsalts in water (in which the solid phase is present in excess)3ora sulfuric acid solution. The solution should be placed in a1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D31

13、on Leather andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D31.07 on Physical Properties. Thispractice was developed in cooperation with the American Leather Chemists Assn.Current edition approved April 1, 2007. Published April 2007. Originallyapproved in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2001

14、 as D 1610 01.2Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol XLII, No. 12, pp386387.3Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, Chemical Rubber Publishing Co.; Lange,Handbook of Chemistry, Handbook Publishers; and Wilson, Modern Practice inLeather Manufacture, Reinhold Publishing Co.1Copyright ASTM

15、 International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.large shallow dish inside the closed vessel. Continuous circu-lation of air inside the vessel is essential. Appropriate saturatedsalt solutions can be prepared from either pure ammoniumnitrate or pure

16、 sodium nitrate.NOTE 3Creeping of the solid phase in these salt solutions can bemade negligible by applying a thin layer of paraffin wax on the inside wallof the shallow dish.NOTE 4Vegetable-tanned leathers experience a slight change of colorwhen stored over sodium nitrite, but there is no evidence

17、of damage to theleather or any detrimental effect on the physical properties of the leather.4A sulfuric acid solution that is 35.6 % by weight (sp. gr.1.270 20C) is satisfactory. It is necessary to check the sp.gr. of this solution from time to time and to restore it to thevalue 1.270 by appropriate

18、 additions of water or concentratedsulfuric acid.7. Calibration7.1 ThermometersThe thermometers used for the deter-mination of the wet- and dry-bulb temperature shall becalibrated against a certified standard thermometer and anycorrections found necessary shall be applied to the readings.NOTE 5Test

19、Method E 337 may be used for reference.7.2 Relative HumidityUse either the sling or the station-ary psychrometer to determine the relative humidity of theconditioned atmosphere. In both cases, air circulation ratearound the thermometer bulbs should be not less than 10 ft (3m)/s and the exposure not

20、less than 60 s before readings aretaken. When using the sling psychrometer, readings, especiallyof the wet bulb, shall be taken as quickly as possible afterbringing it to rest.7.2.1 Using the wet- and dry-bulb readings, determine therelative humidity from psychrometric tables.3NOTE 6The wet-bulb tem

21、perature, Tw, in degrees Celsius correspond-ing to a relative humidity of 50 % at a given air temperature, t, in degreesCelsius (dry-bulb) and a given barometric pressure, B, in centimetres ofmercury, may be calculated as follows:Tw5 0.82t 2 2.68 2 0.03 76.2 2 B! (1)If t is degrees Fahrenheit and B

22、is in inches of mercury then the equationwill be as follows:Tw5 0.82t 1 0.72 2 0.15 30 2 B! (2)NOTE 7A hygrothermograph or similar instrument may be used toindicate the approximate temperature and relative humidity of the condi-tioning room. It should be checked for accuracy at frequent intervals, b

23、utit shall not be used as a substitute for the thermometer and psychrometerto determine the temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere.8. Procedure8.1 Either the prepared test specimen or the unit from whichit is to be cut shall be conditioned.8.2 The conditioning room is to be used for bot

24、h condition-ing and testing. Suspend each test specimen or unit so that thestandard atmosphere will have free access to all the surfaces.8.3 Time of ConditioningStore the specimens or units inthe standard atmosphere until they reach mass equilibrium.This usually requires from 24 to 75 h, depending o

25、n the leatherand its thickness. The specimens shall have reached equilib-rium when hourly weightings show progressive mass changesnot greater than 0.25 %.8.4 MeasurementsMeasure all dimensions of test speci-mens after conditioning. If the units are conditioned, cut allspecimens from the unit and mea

26、sure them in the standardatmosphere.9. Report9.1 The report of results of testing shall be accompanied bya statement as to whether or not the specimens were condi-tioned and tested in the standard atmosphere.10. Keywords10.1 conditioning; humidity; leather; preparation for testing;temperatureASTM In

27、ternational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entire

28、ly their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand s

29、hould be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on S

30、tandards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4Journal of the Society of Leather Trades Chemists, Vol 48, No. 10, p 377.D 1610 01 (2007)2