1、Designation: D 1623 03Standard Test Method forTensile and Tensile Adhesion Properties of Rigid CellularPlastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1623; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、 last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determ
3、ination of the tensileand tensile adhesion properties of rigid cellular materials in theform of test specimens of standard shape under definedconditions of temperature, humidity, and testing machinespeed.1.2 Tensile properties shall be measured using any of threetypes of specimens:1.2.1 Type A shall
4、 be the preferred specimen in those caseswhere enough sample material exists to form the necessaryspecimen,1.2.2 Type B shall be the preferred specimen when onlysmaller specimens are available, as in sandwich panels, etc.1.2.3 Type C shall be the preferred specimen for the deter-mination of tensile
5、adhesive properties of a cellular plastic to asubstrate as in a sandwich panel or the bonding strength of acellular plastic to a single substrate.NOTE 1The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard.NOTE 2There is no equivalent ISO standard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:
6、D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics2D 883 Terminology Relating to Plastics2E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study toDetermine the Precision of a Test Method33. Terminology3.1 Definitions of terms applying to this test method appearin the Appendix to Test Method D 638
7、.4. Apparatus4.1 Testing MachineA testing machine of the constant-rate-of-crosshead-movement type comprising essentially thefollowing:4.1.1 GripsGrips for holding the test specimen shall bethe self-aligning type; that is, they must be attached to the fixedand movable members of the testing machine i
8、n such a waythat they will move freely into alignment as soon as any loadis applied, so that the long axis of the test specimen willcoincide with the direction of the applied pull through thecenter line of the grip assembly. Universal-type joints imme-diately above and below the specimen grips are r
9、ecommended.The test specimen shall be held in such a way that slippagerelative to the grips is prevented, insofar as possible. For TypeA specimens, use a grip assembly like the one shown in Fig. 1and Fig. 2. For Type B specimens, one suitable grip assemblyis shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4. For Type C sp
10、ecimen, a suitablegrip assembly is shown in Fig. 5.4.1.2 Load IndicatorUse a load cell or suitable load-indicating mechanism capable of showing the total tensile loadexerted on the test specimen when held in the grips. Choose anindicator that will permit precision to within 61%.4.1.3 Extension Indic
11、atorIf measurement of the extensionis desired, use a suitable instrument for determining thedistance between two fixed points on the test specimen, orsimilarly by grip separation or extensometer at any time duringthe test.4.2 Specimen CutterFor Type A specimens use a suitablelathe cutter (see Fig. 6
12、).5. Test Specimen5.1 All surfaces of the specimen shall be free of large visibleflaws or imperfections. If it is necessary to place gage marks onthe specimen, do this in such a way as not to affect the surfacesof the test specimen. Gage marks shall not be scratched,punched, or impressed on the spec
13、imen.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.22 on Cellular Materials-Plastics and Elastomers.Current edition approved March 10, 2003. Published April 2003. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition app
14、roved in 1995 as D 1623 78 (1995).2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.01.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5
15、.2 When testing materials that are suspected to be aniso-tropic, prepare duplicate sets of specimens having their longaxes parallel and perpendicular to the direction of the cellorientation.5.3 Preparation of Type A SpecimensThe recommendedType A test specimen shall conform to the dimensions given i
16、nFig. 7. It shall be prepared by normal molding procedureswherever possible, but the “skin” effect which results cannot beFIG. 1 Details of Grips for Tension Test on Type A SpecimenMetric Equivalentsin.1814129161116 1 1.130 112 2214 212 33516mm 3.18 6.35 12.7 14.3 17.5 25.4 28.7 38 51 57 64 76 84FIG
17、. 2 Grip Assembly for Type A SpecimenD1623032eliminated and will cause a variance in the final result. Anothermethod of preparation of the specimen, which would not havethis objection, is to machine the desired geometry on a smalllathe, using a cutter like the one shown in Fig. 6. Insert a 50 by50 b
18、y 150-mm 2 by 2 by 6-in. block of the material to betested in the four-jaw chuck that was previously centered.Prepare the other end of the block to receive the 60-deg taperedend of the tailstock center. Set the lathe at its highest speed.The appropriate rate of entry of the cutter blade will depend
19、onthe density of the foam. Advance the cutter until it reaches astop, at which time the diameter of the specimen test sectionshall be 28.7 mm 1.129 in. giving a (645 mm21 in.2 crosssectional area). Using a band saw, cut off the excess sample end(up to the taper). The lathe assembly and completed spe
20、cimenare shown in Fig. 6 and Fig. 7. The recommended gage lengthshall be 25.4 mm 1 in. with a radius of curvature of 11.9 mmMetric Equivalentsin.316141251634 1112 1916 23mm 4.76 6.35 12.7 7.9 19.0 25.4 38 40 51 76FIG. 3 Details of Grips for Tension on Type B SpecimenD16230331532 in. at each end join
21、ing it to the grip surface, which is atan angle of 18 deg to the center line. However, in no case shallthe gage length be less than 12.7 mm 12 in.NOTE 3For specimens that exhibit excessive slippage in the jaws, alower tensile strength could possibly be obtained. Where this occurs, it isrecommended t
22、hat a 6.35-mm 14 -in. shoulder be left on the specimenends next to the tapered area, or the specimen ends be dipped momentarilyin a molten paraffin wax (temperature not in excess of 80C 175F, orboth.5.4 Preparation of Type B SpecimensType B test speci-mens shall be rectangular, round or square and s
23、hall have aminimum cross-sectional area of 645 mm2(1 in.2). Bond thegrip assembly blocks to the test specimens by a suitablemethod, which does not affect the material under test, takingcare to assure that the bonding pressure is not great enough tocause compression of the specimen. The adhesive curi
24、ngFIG. 4 Grip Assembly for Type B SpecimenFIG. 5 Grip Assembly for Type C SpecimenMetric Equivalentsin.14153234 112 218 414mm 6.35 11.9 19 38 54 108FIG. 6 Cutter for Preparing Type A SpecimenD1623034temperature shall be low enough to cause no effect on thespecimen to be tested.5.5 Preparation of Typ
25、e C Specimen:5.5.1 Type C Specimen shall be square or rectangular, witha minimum length and width dimension equal to, or greaterthan, the thickness.5.5.2 Care and caution shall be exercised in preparing thespecimen so that the bond between the cellular plastic and thesubstrate is not affected. The s
26、peed of the saw blade, thenumber of teeth per inch, and other cutting variables shall beconsidered in specimen preparation, in order to avoid excessvibrations or heat buildup, which could weaken the bondbetween the cellular plastic and the substrate.5.5.3 When adhesion test involves only one surface
27、, theother side shall be trimmed to provide a smooth, parallelbonding surface.5.5.4 Bond the loading fixture to the test specimen substrateby a suitable method that does not affect the material undertest.6. Conditioning6.1 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 23 62C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5 % r
28、elative humidity for not lessthan 24 h prior to testing.6.2 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the standard labora-tory atmosphere of 23 6 2C 73.4 6 3.6F and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified.7. Number of Test Specimens7.1 A minimum of three specimens shall be tested. Speci-mens that
29、 break at some obvious flaw shall be discarded andretests made, unless such flaws constitute a variable that is tobe studied.8. Speed of Testing8.1 The standard speed of testing shall be such that ruptureoccurs in 3 to 6 min. A suggested rate of crosshead movementis 1.3 mm 0.05 in./min for each 25.4
30、 mm 1 in. of test sectiongage length.9. Procedure9.1 Measure the cross-sectional dimensions of the testspecimen to the nearest 0.025 mm 0.001 in. at several points,and record the minimum value. Calculate the specimenscross-sectional area from these dimensions.9.2 Zero the load indicator with all of
31、the upper hardware inplace (including an upper specimen mounting block if Type Bis used) but no specimen attached.9.3 Place the specimen into the grip assembly as defined in4.1.1, and adjust the entire assembly to align it with the centralaxis of the specimen and the testing machine. (If a Type Aspe
32、cimen is used, tighten the14 in. set screws in the sides of theholders so that the split collars are held firmly together and arein axial alignment with the specimen and testing machine.)9.4 Determine and record the load at the moment ofspecimen breaking. If an extensometer is used, a completestress
33、-strain curve may be obtained thereby. Also determineand record the extension at the moment of rupture of thespecimen.10. Calculation10.1 Tensile StrengthCalculate the tensile strength bydividing the breaking load in kilonewtons or pounds-force bythe original minimum cross-sectional area of the spec
34、imen insquare metres or square inches. Express the result in kilopas-cals (kilonewtons per square metre) or pounds-force persquare inch to two significant figures.10.2 ElongationCalculate the percent elongation, whendetermined, by dividing the extension at the moment ofspecimen breaking by the origi
35、nal distance between gagemarks, or similarly by grip separation, and multiplying by 100.Report the percent elongation to two significant figures.10.3 Calculate the standard deviation (estimated) as followsand report it to two significant figures:s 5 =(X22 nX2!/n 2 1! (1)where:s = estimated standard
36、deviation,X = value of a single observation,n = number of observations, andX= arithmetic mean of the set of observations.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 Complete identification of the material tested, includ-ing type, source, code numbers, form, principal dimensions,prev
37、ious history, etc.11.1.2 Type of specimen used, Type A, Type B, or Type C.11.1.3 Conditioning procedure used if different from thatspecified in 6.1.11.1.4 Atmospheric conditions in test room if different fromthose specified in 6.2.11.1.5 Number of specimens tested if different from thatspecified in
38、Section 7.11.1.6 Rate of crosshead movement,11.1.7 Tensile or tensile adhesion strength of each speci-men, average value and standard deviation.11.1.8 Percent elongation of each specimen, average valueand standard deviation. Indicate reference for measuring ex-tension, either gage marks, grip separa
39、tion or extensometer.11.1.9 Date of test.Metric Equivalentsin. 1.1291532 158 414mm 28.7 11.9 41 108FIG. 7 Dimensions of Type A SpecimenD162303512. Precision and Bias12.1 Tables 1 and 2 are based on a round robin conducted in2000 using Type B specimens in accordance with PracticeE 691, involving thre
40、e materials tested by six laboratories. Foreach material, all of the samples were prepared at one source,but the individual Type B specimens were prepared at thelaboratories that tested them. Each laboratory obtained six testresults for each material. Precision, characterized by repeat-ability (Sran
41、d r) and reproducibility (SRand R) have beendetermined as shown in Tables 1 and 2.NOTE 4Caution: The explanation of r and R are only intended topresent a meaningful way of considering the approximate precision of thistest method. The data in Tables 1 and 2 should not be applied toacceptance or rejec
42、tion of materials, as these data apply only to thematerials tested in the round robin and are unlikely to be rigorouslyrepresentative of other lots, formulations, conditions, materials, or labo-ratories. Users of this test method should apply the principles outlined inPractice E 691 to generate data
43、 specific to their materials and laboratory.NOTE 5The precision data presented in Tables 1 and 2 were obtainedusing the test conditions defined in this test method. If a materialspecification defines other test conditions, this precision data shall not beassumed to apply.12.2 BiasThere are no recogn
44、ized standards by which toestimate bias for this test method.13. Keywords13.1 rigid cellular plastics; tensile adhesion; tensile strengthSUMMARY OF CHANGESThis section identifies the location of selected changes to this test method. For the convenience of the user,Committee D20 has highlighted those
45、 changes that may impact the use of this test method. This section may alsoinclude descriptions of the changes or reasons for the changes, or both.D 1623 - 03:(1) Added ISO Equivalency Statement.(2) Removed unrealistic conditioning requirements.(3) Added Precision and Bias statement.(4) Added keywor
46、ds.(5) Removed nonmandatory language and inconsistentterminology.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any su
47、ch patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invit
48、ed either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a
49、 fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).TABLE 1 Tensile
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