1、Designation: D 1630 06Standard Test Method forRubber PropertyAbrasion Resistance (Footwear Abrader)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1630; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revisi
2、on. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of th
3、e resis-tance to abrasion of vulcanized rubber, or other rubber mate-rials that are similar to the standard reference compound, usedfor the soles and heels of footwear. It is not recommended formaterials less than 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) in thickness.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
4、thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the
5、applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1349 Practice for RubberStandard Temperatures forTestingD 2240 Test Method for Rubber PropertyDurometerHardnessD 4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test MethodStandards in the Rubber and Carbon
6、 Black ManufacturingIndustries3. Significance and Use3.1 It is recognized that when comparing different types ofrubber materials, the service performance may not correlate tothe results of this predictive test.3.2 This test method should not be used as a measure ofabrasion resistance for composition
7、s that differ markedly fromthe standard reference compound. Misleading results, forexample, are obtained from polyurethane compositions whencompared with the standard reference compound.3.3 Some specimens may bounce (chatter) against the abra-sive paper, producing inaccurate results. These should be
8、interpreted with care and the condition reported.3.4 If test results are inconsistent, the specimens should becut, after the test is run, and inspected for voids. If any voidsare present, the results should be disregarded and the testrepeated using test specimens that are free from voids.4. Test Con
9、ditions4.1 Unless otherwise specified, the standard temperature fortesting shall be 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F), or the standard testtemperature according to Practice D 1349.4.2 Humidity affects the abrasive paper; therefore, therelative humidity shall be controlled at 50 6 5 % for at least24 h prior to a
10、nd during testing.4.3 The specimens shall be conditioned at this temperatureand humidity for no less than 24 h prior to testing.5. Apparatus5.1 Abrasion MachineThe footwear abrader, often re-ferred to as the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) model, isshown in Fig. 1 and consists of the following co
11、mponents:5.1.1 Metal Drum, rubber-coated or metal-surfaced,150 mm (6 in.) in diameter. The drum is rotated at a rate of 5.76 0.6 rad/s (45 6 5 rpm) by means of an electric motor. Thenumber of revolutions of the drum is indicated by either adigital or analog counter.5.1.2 Arms, three, each pivoted at
12、 one end and having amass suspended from the other end. The mass is attached sothat a force of 22 N (5 lbf) is exerted directly on the specimenin contact with the abrasive paper.5.1.3 Thickness Gauges, three, either digital or analog andgraduated to indicate in increments of no more than 0.02 mm(0.0
13、01 in.), attached to a bridge so that each gauge contactseach arm at a point directly over the specimen. The bridge ishinged at one end to allow the arms to swing back for mountingthe specimen.5.1.4 Compressed Air, filtered to be free of moisture andcontaminants, for cleaning the surface of the abra
14、sive paper.The air is delivered to a manifold or nozzle where the pressureshall be maintained at 210 6 35 kPa (30 6 5 psi).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D11 on Rubberand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D11.15 on Degradation Tests.Current edition approved
15、March 1, 2006. Published April 2006. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1630 94 (2000).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, r
16、efer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5.1.5 It is recommended to use a suitable suction or vacuumdevice to remove abraded particles during the test.5.1.6 Arm St
17、op, one for each arm.5.1.7 Rubber Bands or Metal Clamps, for holding the stripof abrasive paper in position around the rotating drum. Theends of the abrasive paper are cut at an angle of about 80 tothe length of the paper and, when in place, permit a clearance(gap) of about 1.5 mm (0.063 in.) with n
18、o overlap.5.2 Abrasive PaperA controlled abrasive consisting of425 m 40 grit, No. 112 garnet paper 150 mm (6 in.) inwidth.3,4(WarningUse of abrasive paper different than thatrecommended will lead to incorrect results.)6. Reference Compound6.1 The standard reference compound4,5shall conform tothe fol
19、lowing formula and cure specifications.Materials Parts by MassNatsyn 22004,6100.0Pliolite S6B4,72.5Stearic Acid 2.0N762 Black (SRF) 40.0N330 Black (HAF) 5.0Octylated diphenylamine 1.02-(Morpholinothio)benzothiazole 0.8Zinc Oxide 20.0Sulfur 2.0NOTE 1RMA Standard Reference Compound4,5shall be provided
20、 inthe form of a strip 200 mm (8 in.) long and 25 mm (1 in.) wide with oneface concaved to the contour of the abrasive wheel.NOTE 2Levels of carbon black can be adjusted to provide a referencecompound that meets the specifications listed in 7.1.6.2 CureThe standard reference compound shall be cureda
21、t 160 6 1C (320 6 2F). The time of cure may be variedwith each individual lot of compounds to give the proper stateof cure and uniform abrasion.6.3 HardnessThe durometer hardness of properly curedstandard reference compounds shall be A/62 6 3/1, as deter-mined by Test Method D 2240.6.4 Uniformity:6.
22、4.1 Comparison of a newly prepared (D) reference com-pound with previous reference compounds (A, B, and C) shallbe made as follows:6.4.1.1 The number of revolutions per 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) ofwear of the new reference compound shall be obtainedconcurrently with the last three reference compounds inaccor
23、dance with the requirements in Table 1. Repeat theexperiment a total of four times.3The sole source of supply of the abrasive paper known to the committee at thistime is CCSI, Inc., 221 Beaver Street, Akron, OH 44304. When ordering paper, theorder should state the following: D 1630 NBS Belt Paper, R
24、oll 6 in.4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the compound known to the
25、committee at this timeis Smithers Scientific Services, 425 W. Market St., Akron OH 44303. The minimumamount which may be ordered is one standard package containing 20 strips.6The sole source of supply of Natsyn 2200 known to the committee at this timeis Americas International, Inc., 1680 Akron-Penin
26、sula Road, Suite 101, Akron, OH44313.7The sole source of supply of Pliolite S6B known to the committee at this timeis Eliokem, Inc., 1452 East Archwood Avenue, Suite 240, Akron, OH 44306.FIG. 1 NBS Abrasion Test MachineD16300626.4.2 The composite average value for compounds A, B,and C and the averag
27、e value for D shall be calculated.6.4.3 A newly prepared reference compound shall be con-sidered acceptable when the difference between the number ofrevolutions per 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) for the new compound D andthe same arithmetic average of the three previous referencecompounds, A, B, and C does not e
28、xceed 6 5.0 % (in numberof revolutions of wear).6.4.4 Standard reference compounds more than 6 monthsold shall not be used. The standard reference compounds shallbe stored in an airtight container out of direct light and at 23 62C (73.4 6 3.6F) or may be refrigerated during storage.7. Break-in Compo
29、und7.1 The standard break-in compound shall be a nonblacktoplift compound prepared under carefully controlled condi-tions and conform to the following requirements:D 2240 Type D Hardness D/55 to 60/1Tensile Strength, min 7.0 MPa (1000 psi)Elongation, min 200 %Abrasion Index 30 to 357.1.1 A break-in
30、compound designated as RMA break-incompound shall be used.4,8The order should specifically statethat the compound is to be used for break in of the abrasivepaper in connection with tests on the National Bureau ofStandards (NBS) abrasion machine.7.2 The standard break-in compound shall be stored out
31、ofdirect light at 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) or may be refrigeratedduring storage.8. Test Specimen8.1 Unless otherwise specified, the test specimen shallconsist of a portion of the test sample or piece, 25 by 25 mm(1 by 1 in.) and approximately 6 mm (0.25 in.) in thickness.8.2 Unless otherwise specified,
32、 materials thinner than6.4 mm (0.25 in.) shall be plied to obtain the desired thickness(use no adhesive or bonding material). The contact surfaces ofthe plied pieces shall be free of voids and accurately aligned.9. Procedure9.1 Preparation of the Test SpecimenIf the material is toothick, has a fabri
33、c backing, surface coating, or an unevensurface that may interfere with the abrasion test, buff it to thedimensions specified in 8.1. If the specimen is too thin, prepareit as specified in 8.2.9.2 Before the start of any test when new abrasive paper hasbeen applied to the apparatus, mount a specimen
34、 of thestandard break-in compound on each arm of the testingmachine and run the machine for 500 revolutions. Discard thestandard break-in compounds used for this break-in.9.3 Following this, mount a specimen of the standardreference compound on each arm of the testing machine andrun the machine for
35、500 revolutions as a second break-in of theabrasive paper. Discard the standard reference compounds usedfor this second break-in.9.4 No more than 18 runs of three specimens each (exclud-ing standard reference compounds run before each of the sixtests) shall be made on one abrasive paper after the br
36、eak-inruns.9.5 One specimen from the standard reference compoundshall be mounted on each arm of the machine. Rotate the drumsat a speed of 4.7 6 0.5 rad/s (45 6 5 rpm) with the air pressureturned on, and allow the machine to run until the surface of thespecimen is worn to the shape of the drum. At t
37、his point, stopthe machine and lock the gauge bridge in place.9.6 Set the thickness gauges and the revolution counter tozero. Start the machine again and run until approximately2.5 mm (0.1 in.) thickness has been abraded from the speci-mens as recorded on the thickness gauges.9.7 Stop the machine, a
38、nd record the number of revolutionsand the gauge readings for each specimen. Using the dataobtained, calculate the number of revolutions required toabrade 2.5 mm thickness from each specimen and record thevalue as R2. Record the thickness readings with the drum asnear as possible to the position as
39、when the thickness gaugeswere set at zero.9.8 Remove the standard reference samples from the ma-chine. Mount one test specimen each on each arm of themachine. Test these specimens and record the number ofrevolutions required to abrade 2.5 mm (0.1 in.) thickness fromeach test specimen as R1. Make a m
40、inimum of one and amaximum of six runs of test specimens, after which make asecond run of standard reference specimens.10. Calculation10.1 Express the abrasive resistance of the specimen by anabrasive index which shall be calculated as follows:Abrasive Index 5R1R23 100 (1)where:R1= number of revolut
41、ions required to abrade 2.5 mm(0.1 in.) of the test specimen, andR2= average number of revolutions required to abrade2.5 mm (0.1 in.) thickness of the reference com-pound run before and after the test specimens.11. Report11.1 The report shall include the following:11.1.1 The abrasive index of the te
42、st specimens, as theaverage of the values obtained (record to the nearest one unit),11.1.2 Type of specimen used, and whether it was plied, and11.1.3 Type of abrasive paper used.8The sole source of supply of the compound known to the committee at this timeis Smithers Scientific Services, 425 W. Mark
43、et St., Akron OH 44303.TABLE 1 Requirements for Comparing Reference CompoundsARunArm1231A B C2B A D3C D A4D C BAA, B, and C represent the previous three standards in chronological order; Drepresents the new standard.D163006312. Precision and Bias12.1 The interlaboratory program to determine a Type 1
44、precision (Class I Specimens) was run on three compoundswith eight laboratories participating. The control compoundsand break-in compounds were supplied along with specimensof the three compounds. The three compounds were chosen togive a wide range of values. They were a natural rubber shoesoling ma
45、terial, a natural rubber/polybutadiene material, and anitrile compound. There were two determinations for eachcompound made for each of three days. A determinationconsists of running three specimens, one on each arm. Theprogram was conducted in June of 1989. This precision andbias section has been p
46、repared in accordance with PracticeD 4483.12.2 The precision results in this precision and bias sectiongive an estimate of the precision of this test method with thematerials (rubbers used in the particular interlaboratory pro-gram) as described in the following. The precision parametersshould not b
47、e used for acceptance/rejection testing of anygroup of materials without documentation that they are appli-cable to those particular materials and the specific testingprotocols that include this test method.12.3 The results of the precision calculations for repeatabil-ity and reproducibility are giv
48、en in Table 2 in ascending orderof material average (Abrasion Index), for each of the materialsevaluated.12.4 The precision of this test method may be expressed inthe form of the following statements that use what is called anappropriate value of r, R,(r), or (R), that is, that value to beused in de
49、cisions about test results (obtained with the testmethod). The appropriate value is that value of r or Rassociated with mean level in Table 2 closest to the mean levelunder consideration at any given time, for any given material inroutine testing operation.12.5 RepeatabilityThe repeatability, r, of this test methodhas been established as the appropriate value tabulated in Table2. Two single test results, obtained under normal test methodprocedures, that differ by more than this tabulated r (for anygiven level) must be considered as derived from different ornoni
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