1、Designation: D1640 03 (Reapproved 2009)D1640/D1640M 14Standard Test Methods forDrying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings atRoom Temperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1640;D1640/D1640M; the number immediately following the designation indicatesthe year of origin
2、al adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of
3、 Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the various stages and rates of film formation in the drying or curing oforganic coatings normally used underunder laboratory controlled conditions of ambient room temperature.air temperature, (low,ambient and/or elevated) and/or hum
4、idity. Procedures for assessing drying under prevailing conditions of temperature and humidityin the shop and field are also described.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given inparentheses are for information only.s
5、tated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be usedindependently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with i
6、ts use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish
7、, and Related Products on Test PanelsD1005D4414 Test Method Practice for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using MicrometersWet FilmThickness by Notch Gages2.2 ISO Standards:ISO 91174 Paints and varnishes Determination of drying Part 4: Method using a mechanical recorder3. Signif
8、icance and Use3.1 These test methods are can be used to determine the various stages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation of organiccoatings for the purpose of comparing types of coatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant in the development oforganic coatings for various
9、 end uses and also for production quality control.coatings, assessing the impact of compositionalchanges on drying time, or for assessing drying/curing time in the shop or field. Low temperature can significantly slow the dryingrate of coatings so low temperature curing agents, catalysts and/or acce
10、lerators are often available to aid drying and film formationunder cooler temperatures. Method B is designed to evaluate these components and/or to determine the effect of coolertemperatures on drying rates. Conversely, the drying/curing rate of certain coatings can be accelerated under elevatedtemp
11、erature/humidity conditions, while others may be adversely impacted by elevated humidity. Method C is designed to evaluatethe effects of elevated temperature and relative humidity conditions on drying, curing, and film formation of paints and coatings.The terms dry or drying, cure or curing, and fil
12、m formation are used interchangeably throughout this standard.3.2 Test Methods A, B and C are limited to a comparison of paints/coatings applied to smooth, non-absorbent substrates anddo not reflect the effect of absorption of the paint vehicle into the substrate material.1 These test methods are un
13、der the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009Dec. 1, 2014. Published August 2009February 2015. Originall
14、y approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 asD1640 03.D1640 03 (2009). DOI: 10.1520/D1640-03R09.10.1520/D1640_D1640M-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume
15、 information, refer to the standardsstandards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible t
16、o adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Con
17、shohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14. Coatings and Recommended Substrate, Coating Application Method and Film Thicknesses4.1 Whenever tests are to be performed on coatings not listed in Obtain Table 1, there should be a prior agreement between thepurchaser and seller contracting parties as to t
18、he substrate, wet film thickness, thickness (WFT), and application method for testingthe specific coating involved. The product is tested as manufactured (without reducer, unless otherwise agreed upon by contractingparties). Unless otherwise agreed, the thickness of the cast film shall conform to th
19、e coating manufacturers product data sheet.If the wet film thickness is not stated on the manufacturers product data sheet, it can be calculated using the formula in 4.1.1 basedon the manufacturers recommended dry film thickness (DFT) and percent non-volatile by volume (% solids by volume). If thisi
20、nformation is not provided, contact the coating manufacturer to obtain the recommended wet film thickness for testing.4.1.1 WFT5DFT % Solids by Volume !5. Test Conditions5.1 Conduct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room or chamber, free from direct drafts, dust, products of combustion,laborator
21、y fumes and under diffused light (see 5.4). Make all measurements at a temperature of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 % relativehumidity with the coated panels in a horizontal position while drying.Method A (Laboratory Procedure Normal DryingConditions):5.1.1 Conduct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room or
22、 chamber, free from direct drafts, dust, products of combustion,laboratory fumes and under diffused light (see 5.1.4). Make all measurements at an air temperature of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5 %relative humidity with the coated panels in a horizontal position while drying.5.1.2 Apply the wet film according
23、to the coating manufacturers instructions. In the absence of any specific materialspecification or product data sheets, instructions for casting the film should be agreed upon between contracting parties.5.1.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with the coating manufac
24、turers recommendations.Alltesting should be performed within an area at least 15 mm 12 in. from any film edge.5.1.4 Illumination of the films during the entire drying test period must be from low, non-radiant energy light sources, such asnormal laboratory or sky sources, never from direct sunlight.5
25、.2 Tests should be carried out at practical viscosities at which films can be applied to the proper film thickness with resultantgood flow and leveling properties. In the absence of any specific material specification, instructions for preparation of the filmshould be determined and agreed upon betw
26、een the purchaser and the seller.Method B (Laboratory Procedure Low AirTemperature Drying Conditions):5.2.1 Conduct all drying tests in a ventilated temperature and humidity-controlled chamber. Allow the temperature and relativehumidity to stabilize within the chamber prior to use.5.2.2 Condition th
27、e substrate material, the coating to be tested, and the application device for a minimum of 1 h in thetemperature/humidity-controlled chamber prior to casting the wet film.5.2.3 Make all measurements at a temperature and relative humidity as agreed upon between contracting parties. Record theactual
28、temperature and relative humidity employed for testing. All dry time measurements are made with the coated panels in ahorizontal position while drying.5.2.4 Apply the wet film according to the coating manufacturers instructions. In the absence of any specific materialspecification or product data sh
29、eets, instructions for casting the film should be agreed upon between contracting parties.5.2.5 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with the coating manufacturers recommendations.Alltesting should be performed within an area at least 15 mm 12 in. from any film edge.5.2.
30、6 Minimize opening and closing of the temperature and humidity-controlled chamber to prevent fluctuations in conditions.5.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with performance characteristics expected under actualusage for the type under test. All testing should be don
31、e within an area, any point of which is not less than 15 mm (12 in.) fromthe film edge.Method C (Laboratory Procedure Elevated Air Temperature and Humidity Drying Conditions):5.3.1 Conduct all drying tests in a ventilated temperature and humidity-controlled chamber. Allow the temperature and relativ
32、ehumidity to stabilize within the chamber prior to use. If elevated temperature without consideration for humidity is desired, aconvection oven can be used.4,55.3.2 Condition the substrate material, the coating to be tested, and the application device for a minimum of 1 h in thetemperature/humidity-
33、controlled chamber prior to casting the wet film.5.3.3 Make all measurements at a temperature and relative humidity as agreed upon between contracting parties. Record theactual temperature and relative humidity employed for testing. All dry time measurements are made with the coated panels in ahoriz
34、ontal position while drying.5.3.4 Apply the wet film according to the coating manufacturers instructions. In the absence of any specific materialspecification or product data sheets, instructions for casting the film should be agreed upon between contracting parties.4 The standard tack tester is ful
35、ly described in the U.S. Patent 2,406,989, Sept. 3, 1946.Consider potential safety hazards associated with the flash point of any organicsolvents included in the paint/coating vehicle.5 See Prane, J. W., “A Latin Square Drying Time Study,” Paint Industry Magazine (August 1961), for a study of precis
36、ion of drying time measurements.A hot plate maybe used to generate different air and surface temperature, if required.D1640/D1640M 1425.3.5 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with the coating manufacturers recommendations.Alltesting should be performed within an area a
37、t least 15 mm 12 in. from any film edge.5.3.6 Minimize opening and closing of the temperature and humidity-controlled chamber to prevent fluctuation of conditions.5.4 Light ConditionsMethod D (Shop/Field Procedure): Illumination of the films during the entire drying test period fromnormal laboratory
38、 or sky sources, never from direct sunlight or other sources high in nonvisible radiant energy.5.4.1 Measure and record air and surface temperature, and relative humidity immediately prior to coating application.5.4.2 Apply the wet film according to the coating manufacturers instructions. In the abs
39、ence of any specific materialspecification or product data sheets, instructions for applying the film should be agreed upon between contracting parties.5.4.3 Apply the wet film to the same substrate and surface texture using the same application equipment and parameters as areintended to be used in
40、the shop/filed during production.5.4.4 Films to be tested should have practical thicknesses commensurate with the coating manufacturers recommendations.6. Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 Carry out all tests as described in 6.1.16.1.1 6.1.5, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3, unless otherwise noted.6.1.1 All test spe
41、cimens (test surfaces for Method D) shall be prepared and tested by one operator properly skilled proficientin the methods to be used. Apply the specimens coating material to the agreed upon substrate in duplicate at a time arranged sothat examinationevaluation intervals will fall within the normal
42、working hours of the operator.6.1.2 If the coating to be tested requires an induction time, cast/apply the wet film after the induction period.6.1.3 Apply For Methods A, B and C, apply the materials to be tested on clean glass panels, smooth cold-rolled steel panelsor other specific substrate of sui
43、table dimensions agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller. contracting parties.Ground-glass plates are more suitable for certain types of coatings that tend to crawl, such as low-viscosity drying oils. Suitableplates can be prepared by roughening the surface of polished glass by grinding a p
44、aste of silicon carbide (grit 1-F)1F) and waterbetween two glass plates.6.1.4 The test films preferably shall be cast with a doctor blade For Methods A, B and C cast the coating materials to thesubstrate with a wet film applicator having a clearance sufficient to giveyield the recommended dry film t
45、hickness indicated in wetTable 1. When a suitable doctor blade is not available, or it has been agreed upon to apply the film in some other manner, thevarious conventional and automatic methods of spray, dip, flow, and brush application may be used, provided dry film thicknessesconform to the requir
46、ements given inand resulting dry film thickness. Other methods to produce a film of Table 1. See uniformthickness such as those described in Practices D823 for a description of the spray and dip methods of application.may be used asagreed upon between contracting parties.6.1.5 Measure the dry film t
47、hickness of test films with the proper film thickness gage. This shall be a micrometer, dialcomparator, or dial indicator as described in Test Methods wet film thickness in accordance with Practice D1005D4414. Whenplates of small area are used, measurement of dry film thickness can be made by weighi
48、ng plates before and after coating andcalculating from plate area and coating solids.7. Procedure7.1 When test methods or end points other than those listed in 7.2 7.8 are used, there shall be a prior agreement between thepurchaser and the seller.contracting parties.7.2 Set-To-Touch TimeTo determine
49、 set-to-touch time, lightly Lightly touch the test film with the tip of a clean finger and(clean and free of grease) and immediately place the fingertip against a piece of clean, clear glass. Observe if any of the coatingis transferred to the glass. For the purpose of this test, the pressure of the fingertip against the coating shall not be greater than thatrequired to transfer a spot of the coating from 3 to 5 mm (18 to 316 in.)in. in cross section. The film is set-to-touch when it stillshows a tacky condition, but none of it adhe
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