1、Designation: D 1640 03 (Reapproved 2009)Standard Test Methods forDrying, Curing, or Film Formation of Organic Coatings atRoom Temperature1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1640; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the cas
2、e of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 These test
3、 methods cover the determination of thevarious stages and rates of film formation in the drying orcuring of organic coatings normally used under conditions ofambient room temperature.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informat
4、iononly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Refe
5、renced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thicknessof Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD 1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers3. Significance and Use3.1 These test methods are used to d
6、etermine the variousstages and rates of drying, curing, and film formation oforganic coatings for the purpose of comparing types ofcoatings or ingredient changes, or both. This is significant inthe development of organic coatings for various end uses andalso for production quality control.4. Coating
7、s and Recommended Film Thicknesses4.1 Whenever tests are to be performed on coatings notlisted in Table 1, there should be a prior agreement between thepurchaser and seller as to the substrate, film thickness, andapplication method for testing the specific coating involved.5. Test Conditions5.1 Cond
8、uct all drying tests in a well-ventilated room orchamber, free from direct drafts, dust, products of combustion,laboratory fumes and under diffused light (see 5.4). Make allmeasurements at a temperature of 23 6 2C and 50 6 5%relative humidity with the coated panels in a horizontalposition while dryi
9、ng.5.2 Tests should be carried out at practical viscosities atwhich films can be applied to the proper film thickness withresultant good flow and leveling properties. In the absence ofany specific material specification, instructions for preparationof the film should be determined and agreed upon be
10、tween thepurchaser and the seller.5.3 Films to be tested should have practical thicknessescommensurate with performance characteristics expected un-der actual usage for the type under test. All testing should bedone within an area, any point of which is not less than 15 mm(12 in.) from the film edge
11、.5.4 Light ConditionsIllumination of the films during theentire drying test period from normal laboratory or sky sources,never from direct sunlight or other sources high in nonvisibleradiant energy.6. Preparation of Test Specimens6.1 Carry out all tests as described in 6.1.1, 6.1.2 and 6.1.3,unless
12、otherwise noted.1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 onPaint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the directresponsibility of Subcommittee D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied PaintFilms.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2009. Published August
13、2009. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1640 03.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary
14、 page onthe ASTM website.TABLE 1 Recommended Film Thickness of Materials to beTestedAMaterial Dry Film ThicknessDrying oils 1.25 6 0.25 mil (32 6 6 m)BVarnishes 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 m)Lacquers 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 m) (See 7.5.2)Resin solutions 0.5 6 0.1 mil (12.5 6 2 m)Enamels 1.5 6 0.25 mil (36.5
15、 6 6 m)Oil paints 1.8 6 0.2 mil (45 6 2.5 m) (See 6.1.2 )Water paints 1 6 0.1 mil (25 6 2 m)AThis table is a general guide to be used when nothing more specific is agreedupon between the purchaser and the seller.BSee 6.1.2 and 7.5.1. Add driers a minimum of 24 h before test.1Copyright ASTM Internati
16、onal, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6.1.1 All test specimens shall be prepared and tested by oneoperator properly skilled in the methods to be used. Apply thespecimens in duplicate at a time arranged so that examinationintervals will fall within
17、the normal working hours of theoperator.6.1.2 Apply the materials to be tested on clean glass panelsor other specific substrate of suitable dimensions agreed uponbetween the purchaser and the seller. Ground-glass plates aremore suitable for certain types of coatings that tend to crawl,such as low-vi
18、scosity drying oils. Suitable plates can beprepared by roughening the surface of polished glass bygrinding a paste of silicon carbide (grit 1-F) and water betweentwo glass plates.6.1.3 The test films preferably shall be cast with a doctorblade having a clearance sufficient to give the recommendeddry
19、 film thickness indicated in Table 1. When a suitable doctorblade is not available, or it has been agreed upon to apply thefilm in some other manner, the various conventional andautomatic methods of spray, dip, flow, and brush applicationmay be used, provided dry film thicknesses conform to therequi
20、rements given in Table 1. See Practices D 823 for adescription of the spray and dip methods of application.6.1.4 Measure the dry film thickness of test films with theproper film thickness gage. This shall be a micrometer, dialcomparator, or dial indicator as described in Test MethodsD 1005. When pla
21、tes of small area are used, measurement ofdry film thickness can be made by weighing plates before andafter coating and calculating from plate area and coating solids.7. Procedure7.1 When test methods or end points other than those listedin 7.2-7.8 are used, there shall be a prior agreement betweent
22、he purchaser and the seller.7.2 Set-To-Touch TimeTo determine set-to-touch time,lightly touch the test film with the tip of a clean finger andimmediately place the fingertip against a piece of clean, clearglass. Observe if any of the coating is transferred to the glass.For the purpose of this test,
23、the pressure of the fingertip againstthe coating shall not be greater than that required to transfer aspot of the coating from 3 to 5 mm (18 to316 in.) in crosssection. The film is set-to-touch when it still shows a tackycondition, but none of it adheres to the finger.7.3 Dust-Free Times:7.3.1 Cotto
24、n Fiber Test MethodSeparate a number ofindividual fibers from a mass of absorbent cotton with the aidof tweezers. At regular drying intervals, drop several of thecotton fibers from a height of 25 mm (1 in.) onto a markedsection of the film. The film is considered to have dried dustfree when the cott
25、on fibers can be removed by blowing lightlyover the surface of the film.7.4 Tack-Free Times:7.4.1 Mechanical Test Method (Tack Tester3)The tacktester to be used in this method comprises essentially a base orsurface-contacting portion 25-mm (1-in.) square and a counter-balancing portion 25 by 50 mm (
26、1 by 2 in.) in area. Bothportions are made up from a continuous metal strip 0.41 to 0.46mm (0.016 to 0.018 in.) in thickness. To prepare the apparatusfor use (see 7.4.1.1), fit the base with several thicknesses ofmasking tape and paper strips to provide a means of attachingthe aluminum foil and so a
27、djust the angle of the 1 by 2-in.counter-balancing strip so that a weight of 5 g placed in thegeometric center of the base portion is just sufficient toovercome the unbalanced force.7.4.1.1 The tester is prepared for use by carrying out thefollowing steps in sequence:(1) Wrap the metal base with thr
28、ee thicknesses of maskingtape, sticky side out,(2) Cover the outer layer with a good grade of paper,except for two exposed strips, equally spaced, about14 by 1 in.(6.4 by 25 mm) in area on the top of the tester, and(3) Cover the paper on the contact side of the base withone thickness of pressure-sen
29、sitive cellulose tape previouslyfixed to the metal base of the tester. The cellulose tape servestwo purposes:First, to pull the layers of masking tape firmly against thefront of the metal base, andSecond, to provide a smooth surface for the foil. Attach thealuminum foil to the base of the tester by
30、pressing gently butfirmly a 25 by 50-mm (1 by 2-in.) piece of foil, 13 m (0.0005in.) in thickness against one of the 6.4 by 25-mm (14 by 1-in.)exposed strips of masking tape on the top surface of the base.Wrap the foil tightly and smoothly around the base, exposingthe shiny side, and finally press t
31、he outer end gently against theremaining exposed strip of masking tape. When it finallybecomes necessary to replace wrinkled or soiled aluminumfoil, the ends are easily removed from the masking tape byexerting a slow, even, upward pull sufficient to overcome thetack of the tape without tearing the f
32、oil.7.4.1.2 Afilm is considered to have dried tack-free when thetack tester tips over immediately on removing a 300-g weightallowed to act for5sonthecounter-weighted metal squarebase fitted with masking tape and aluminum foil.7.5 Dry-To-Touch Time:7.5.1 Drying OilsContinue testing after the set-to-t
33、ouchtime has been observed. The film is considered dry when it nolonger adheres to the finger and does not rub up appreciablywhen the finger is lightly rubbed across the surface.7.5.2 Lacquers (and Sealers)Touch the film lightly atvarying intervals of time. The film is considered dry when nopronounc
34、ed marks are left by the finger touching the film in thesame area on each observation. Test sealers on wood or otherporous substrates as agreed upon between the purchaser andthe seller.7.6 Dry-Hard Time:7.6.1 With the end of the thumb resting on the test film andthe forefinger supporting the test pa
35、nel, exert a maximumdownward pressure (without twisting) of the thumb on the film.Lightly polish the contacted area with a soft cloth. The film isconsidered dry-hard when any mark left by the thumb iscompletely removed by the polishing operation.7.7 Dry-Through (or Dry-To-Handle) Time:7.7.1 Place th
36、e test panel in a horizontal position at a heightsuch that when the thumb is placed on the film, the arm of the3The standard tack tester is fully described in the U.S. Patent 2,406,989, Sept. 3,1946.D 1640 03 (2009)2operator is in a vertical line from the wrist to the shoulder. Beardown on the film
37、with the thumb, exerting the maximumpressure of the arm, at the same time turning the thumb throughan angle of 90 in the plane of the film. The film is considereddry-through or dry-to-handle when there is no loosening,detachment, wrinkling, or other evidence of distortion of thefilm.7.8 Dry-To-Recoa
38、t:7.8.1 A film is considered dry for recoating when a secondcoat or specified topcoat can be applied without the develop-ment of any film irregularities such as lifting or loss ofadhesion of the first coat, and the dry time of the second coatdoes not exceed the maximum specified (if any) for the fir
39、stcoat.8. Frequency of Testing8.1 It is suggested that test intervals be set at periods ofapproximately 10 % of the total test time. If frequency variesconsiderably from the 10 % interval or such time interval isimpractical, the intervals used shall be reported.9. Report9.1 Reports of tests shall in
40、clude all applicable conditionsthat deviated from the standards as outlined or special condi-tions or tests used and the results of the test.10. Precision and Bias10.1 Because of the subjective nature of the drying timetests, the agreement to be expected between laboratoriesdepends upon their unders
41、tanding of the terms used, and isdifficult to establish with certainty. Within any laboratory, theagreement depends upon the material being tested, somecoatings being much sharper in their end point than others, butduplicate determinations should agree within 10 % of the timeof drying.410.2 BiasThes
42、e test methods have no bias because thevalue for dry times are defined only in terms of these testmethods.11. Keywords11.1 drying timeASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standa
43、rd are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif
44、 not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, whi
45、ch you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,U
46、nited States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).4See Prane, J. W., “A Latin Square Drying Time Study,” Paint IndustryMagazine (August 1961), for a study of precision of drying time measurements.D 1640 03 (2009)3
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