ASTM D1655-2016 Standard Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuels.pdf

1、Designation: D1655 15d1D1655 16 An American National StandardStandard Specification forAviation Turbine Fuels1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1655; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of la

2、st revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1 NOTEFootnote L of Table 1 was corrected edit

3、orially in October 2015.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuelunder contract.1.2 This specification defines the minimum property requirements for JetAand JetA-1 aviation turbine fuel and lists accepta

4、bleadditives for use in civil operated engines and aircrafts. Specification D1655 is directed at civil applications, and maintained assuch, but may be adopted for military, government or other specialized uses.1.3 This specification can be used as a standard in describing the quality of aviation tur

5、bine fuel from production to the aircraft.However, this specification does not define the quality assurance testing and procedures necessary to ensure that fuel in thedistribution system continues to comply with this specification after batch certification. Such procedures are defined elsewhere, for

6、example in ICAO 9977, EI/JIG Standard 1530, JIG 1, JIG 2, API 1543, API 1595, and ATA-103.1.4 This specification does not include all fuels satisfactory for aviation turbine engines. Certain equipment or conditions of usemay permit a wider, or require a narrower, range of characteristics than is sho

7、wn by this specification.1.5 Aviation turbine fuels defined by this specification may be used in other than turbine engines that are specifically designedand certified for this fuel.1.6 This specification no longer includes wide-cut aviation turbine fuel (Jet B). FAA has issued a Special Airworthine

8、ssInformation Bulletin which now approves the use of Specification D6615 to replace Specification D1655 as the specification forJet B and refers users to this standard for reference.1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. However, other units of measurement are included in

9、thisstandard.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup TesterD86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric PressureD93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup TesterD130 Test Method for Corr

10、osiveness to Copper from Petroleum Products by Copper Strip TestD156 Test Method for Saybolt Color of Petroleum Products (Saybolt Chromometer Method)D240 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb CalorimeterD323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid

11、Method)D381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet EvaporationD445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Lamp Method)1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Co

12、mmittee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.J0.01 on Jet Fuel Specifications.Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2015June 1, 2016. Published October 2015August 2016. Originally approved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 20

13、15 asD1655 15c.D1655 15d1. DOI: 10.1520/D1655-15DE01.10.1520/D1655-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM

14、 website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult

15、prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

16、19428-2959. United States1D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum Products byHydrometer MethodD1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator AdsorptionD1322 Test Method for Smoke Point of K

17、erosine and Aviation Turbine FuelD1405 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD1660 Method of Test for Thermal Stability of Aviation Turbine Fuels (Withdrawn 1992)3D1840 Test Method for Naphthalene Hydrocarbons in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry

18、D2276 Test Method for Particulate Contaminant in Aviation Fuel by Line SamplingD2386 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsD2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Aviation a

19、nd Distillate FuelsD2887 Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Fractions by Gas ChromatographyD2892 Test Method for Distillation of Crude Petroleum (15-Theoretical Plate Column)D3120 Test Method for Trace Quantities of Sulfur in Light Liquid Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Oxidative Micr

20、ocoulometryD3227 Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (PotentiometricMethod)D3240 Test Method for Undissolved Water In Aviation Turbine FuelsD3241 Test Method for Thermal Oxidation Stability of Aviation Turbine FuelsD3242 Test Method

21、for Acidity in Aviation Turbine FuelD3338 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD3343 Test Method for Estimation of Hydrogen Content of Aviation FuelsD3701 Test Method for Hydrogen Content of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Low Resolution Nuclear Magnetic ResonanceSpectrome

22、tryD3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed Cup TesterD3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable SeparometerD4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density MeterD4057 Practice

23、 for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsD4171 Specification for Fuel System Icing InhibitorsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contamination in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum Products by Energy Disp

24、ersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryD4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace ContaminationD4529 Test Method for Estimation of Net Heat of Combustion of Aviation FuelsD4809 Test Method for Heat of Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels by Bomb Calorimeter (Prec

25、ision Method)D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static Electricity in Petroleum Fuel SystemsD4952 Test Method for Qualitative Analysis for Active Sulfur Species in Fuels and Solvents (Doctor Test)D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)D5

26、001 Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator(BOCLE)D5006 Test Method for Measurement of Fuel System Icing Inhibitors (Ether Type) in Aviation FuelsD5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Automatic Method) (With

27、drawn 2012)3D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Mini Method)D5452 Test Method for Particulate Contamination in Aviation Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationD5453 Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light Hydrocarbons, Spark Ignition Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel,and

28、Engine Oil by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD5972 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Phase Transition Method)D6045 Test Method for Color of Petroleum Products by the Automatic Tristimulus MethodD6379 Test Method for Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and

29、 Petroleum DistillatesHighPerformance Liquid Chromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionD6469 Guide for Microbial Contamination in Fuels and Fuel SystemsD6615 Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine FuelD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distilla

30、te FuelsD7042 Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of KinematicViscosity)D7153 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Laser Method)D7154 Test Method for Freezing Point of Aviation Fuels (Automatic Fiber Optical Met

31、hod)3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.D1655 162D7345 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure (Micro DistillationMethod)D7524 Test Method for Determination of Static Dissipater Additives (SDA) in A

32、viation Turbine Fuel and Middle DistillateFuelsHigh Performance Liquid Chromatograph (HPLC) MethodD7566 Specification for Aviation Turbine Fuel Containing Synthesized HydrocarbonsD7797 Test Method for Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine Fuel Using Flow Analysisb

33、y Fourier Transform Infrared SpectroscopyRapid Screening MethodD7872 Test Method for Determining the Concentration of Pipeline Drag Reducer Additive in Aviation Turbine FuelsE29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to Determine Conformance with Specifications2.2 IP Standards:4EI/JIG 15

34、30 Quality Assurance Requirements for the Manufacture, Storage and Distribution of Aviation Fuels to AirportsIP 12 Determination of Specific EnergyIP 16 Determination of Freezing Point of Aviation FuelsManual MethodIP 71 Section 1 Petroleum ProductsTransparent and Opaque LiquidsDetermination of Kine

35、matic Viscosity and Calculationof Dynamic ViscosityIP 123 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Distillation Characteristics at Atmospheric PressureIP 154 Petroleum ProductsCorrosiveness to CopperCopper Strip TestIP 156 Petroleum Products and Related MaterialsDetermination of Hydrocarbon TypesFluoresce

36、nt Indicator AdsorptionMethodIP 160 Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum ProductsLaboratory Determination of Density Hydrometer MethodIP 170 Determination of Flash PointAbel Closed-Cup MethodIP 216 Particulate Contaminant in Aviation FuelIP 225 Copper Content of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 227 Silver Co

37、rrosion of Aviation Turbine FuelIP 274 Determination of Electrical Conductivity of Aviation and Distillate FuelsIP 323 Determination of Thermal Oxidation Stability of Gas Turbine FuelsIP 336 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Sulfur ContentEnergy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence SpectrometryIP 342 Petr

38、oleum ProductsDetermination of Thiol (Mercaptan) Sulfur in Light and Middle Distillate FuelsPotentiometricMethodIP 354 Determination of the Acid Number of Aviation Fuels-Colour-Indicator Titration MethodIP 365 Crude Petroleum and Petroleum ProductsDetermination of DensityOscillating U-tube MethodIP

39、406 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of Boiling Range Distribution by Gas ChromatographyIP 423 Determination of Particulate Contamination in Aviation Turbine Fuels by Laboratory FiltrationIP 435 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Automatic Phase Transition MethodIP 4

40、36 Determination of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Types in Aviation Fuels and Petroleum Distillates High Performance LiquidChromatography Method with Refractive Index DetectionIP 523 Determination of Flash PointRapid Equilibrium Closed Cup MethodIP 528 Determination for the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine

41、 FuelsAutomatic Fibre Optic MethodIP 529 Determination of the Freezing Point of Aviation Turbine FuelsAutomatic Laser MethodIP 540 Determination of the Existent Gum Content of Aviation Turbine FuelJet Evaporation MethodIP 583 Determination of the Fatty Acid Methyl Esters Content of Aviation Turbine

42、Fuel Using Flow Analysis by FourierTransform Infrared SpectroscopyRapid Screening MethodIP 585 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME), Derived from Bio-diesel Fuel, in Aviation Turbine FuelGC-MSwith Selective Ion Monitoring/Scan Detection MethodIP 590 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Est

43、ers (FAME) in Aviation FuelHPLC Evaporative Light Scattering DetectorMethodIP 598 Petroleum ProductsDetermination of the Smoke Point of Kerosine, Manual and Automated MethodIP 599 Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in Aviation Turbine Fuel by Gas Chromatography using Heart-cutand Refoc

44、using2.3 API Standards:5API 1543 Documentation, Monitoring and Laboratory Testing of Aviation Fuel During Shipment from Refinery to AirportAPI 1595 Design, Construction, Operation, Maintenance, and Inspection of Aviation Pre-Airfield Storage Terminals2.4 Joint Inspection Group Standards:6JIG 1 Aviat

45、ion Fuel Quality Control therefore the specification limits aviation turbine fuels to those made from conventionalsources or by specifically approved processes.6.1.1 Aviation turbine fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refinedhydrocarbons (see No

46、te 1) derived from conventional sources including crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shaleoil, and oil sands. The use of jet fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted only in accordance with AnnexA1.NOTE 1Conventionally refined jet fuel contains trace level

47、s of materials that are not hydrocarbons, including oxygenates, organosulfur, andnitrogenous compounds.6.1.2 Fuels used in certified engines and aircraft are ultimately approved by the certifying authority subsequent to formalsubmission of evidence to the authority as part of the type certification

48、program for that aircraft and engine model. Additives tobe used as supplements to an approved fuel must also be similarly approved on an individual basis (see X1.2.4 and X1.15.1).6.2 AdditivesOnly additives approved by the aviation industry (including the aircraft certifying authority) are permitted

49、 in thefuel on which an aircraft is operated.The additives approved for use in D1655 jet fuel are shown in Table 2 and may be used withinthe concentration limits shown in the table subject to any restrictions described in the table footnotes.6.3 Identified Incidental MaterialsTable 3 lists specific materials that have an agreed limit, known as Identified IncidentalMaterials. Specification D1655 does not require that each batch of fuel be analyzed for identified incidental materials where thereis essentially no risk of contamination exceeding