1、Designation: D1665 98 (Reapproved 2014)Standard Test Method forEngler Specific Viscosity of Tar Products1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1665; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last re
2、vision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of specificviscosity of tars and their fluid products. It does not determineabsolut
3、e viscosity, but is an empirical flow test. Only byconforming strictly to requirements of the test method arereproducible results obtained.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.3 This standard does not purport to
4、 address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D140 Prac
5、tice for Sampling Bituminous MaterialsE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSieves3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 Engler specific viscositythe ratio obtained by divid-ing the time of flow, in s, of 50 mL of material using
6、an Englerviscosimeter at a selected temperature by a factor representingthe time of flow, in s, for an equal volume of water at 25C. Theusual temperatures for determination of specific viscosity of tarmaterials are 25C, 40C, 50C, and 100C, and generally thetemperature is so selected that the specifi
7、c viscosity is not morethan 45.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 The time, in s, is measured for a fixed volume of liquidmaterial to flow through an efflux tube under an accuratelyreproducible head and at a closely controlled temperature. TheEngler specific viscosity is then calculated by dividing theeff
8、lux time by the viscometer calibration factor as determinedby making the same efflux measurement for water.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing the consis-tency of tar and tar distillates by measuring their flow proper-ties. It is applicable to materials that are r
9、eadily liquid attemperatures up to 100C.6. Apparatus6.1 Engler Viscosimeter as shown in Fig. 1, consisting of thefollowing:6.1.1 CupThis is a gold-plated cylindrical brass vessel of106.0 6 1.0 mm, A, inside diameter, closed at the top by adouble walled lid. To the rounded bottom is attached ametal-e
10、ncased tapered platinum efflux tube 20.0 6 0.1 mm, H,long with an inside diameter of 2.90 6 0.02 mm, E, at the topand 2.80 6 0.02 mm, F, at the bottom. The efflux tube shallproject through and extend 3.0 6 0.2 mm, G, below a jacketthat surrounds the cup and shall have a bottom outsidediameter, inclu
11、ding its surrounding metal, of 4.5 6 0.2 mm, I.Three metal measuring points, spaced equidistantly around thecircumference of the cup, are fastened to the sides and extendinwardly approximately 7 mm, then turn up at a right angle andend in sharp points which are located 52.0 6 0.5 mm, D,vertically ab
12、ove the lower end of the efflux tube and 25.0 6 1.0mm, C, above the lowest portion of the cylindrical sidewall ofthe cup. They serve both for indicating when the instrument islevel and for measuring the charge of material, which isapproximately 250 mL.6.1.2 JacketThe cup is surrounded by a jacket wh
13、ichholds water or other suitable liquid serving as a constanttemperature bath. In the type illustrated, the jacket is providedwith a thermometer clamp and stirring device. A tripodsupports the apparatus and also carries a ring burner by meansof which the bath is heated. Adjustable legs on the tripod
14、 serveto level the instrument. Other arrangements of outer baths,1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.43 onSpecifications and Test for Tar and Tar Products.Current edition approved June 1, 2
15、014. Published October 2014. Originallyapproved in 1959. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D1665 98 (2009).DOI: 10.1520/D1665-98R14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volum
16、e information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1supports, and stirring devices are acceptable, especially when itis desired to use more than one standardiz
17、ed cup in a singlebath.6.1.3 StopperThe efflux tube in the cup is closed oropened by the insertion or withdrawal of a tapered hardwoodstopper which, to leave the tube open, can be suspended by itsbrass pin from the hook on the cover. The stopper shall be asmooth, round, wooden rod 180 mm long and 8
18、mm indiameter, with a brass wire pin 20 mm and 1.83 mm indiameter long inserted diametrically through the rod at a point50 mm from the lower end, and tapered uniformly below thispin to end in a circular plane 1.6 to 2.0 mm in diameter. Abovethe pin the rod shall be planed or grooved on four sides to
19、 adepth of 1 mm to prevent any possible restriction of air flow.6.2 ReceiversTwo types are required as follows:6.2.1 Testing Flask50 mL graduate calibrated at 20C (seeFig. 2).6.2.2 Calibration FlaskFor standardization purposes thereshall be available a Kohlrausch flask, Fig. 3, with top enlargedabov
20、e the graduation mark and calibrated to contain 200 6 0.1mL at 20C.FIG. 1 Engler ViscosimeterD1665 98 (2014)26.3 ThermometersASTM Engler Viscosity Thermometers23C, 24C, and 25C as required, and conforming to therequirements for these thermometers as specified in Specifica-tion E1.6.4 TimerStop watch
21、 or other timing device graduated indivisions of 0.2 s or less, and accurate to within 0.1 % whentested over a 60-min period.6.5 Strainer300 mm ASTM sieve conforming to Specifi-cation E11.7. Sampling7.1 Samples from shipments or production vessels shall betaken in accordance with Practice D140 and s
22、hall be free offoreign substances. Thoroughly heat and stir the sample beforeremoving a representative portion for the determination.8. Preparation of Sample8.1 Stir the sample until it is homogeneous, using heat ifnecessary. Avoid inclusion of air bubbles, loss of volatile orother effects, which ma
23、y influence the viscosity. Strain arepresentative portion of the sample through the strainer toeliminate particles, and proceed in accordance with Section 10.Strain the material directly into the viscosimeter if preferred.9. Standardization and Calibration of Viscosimeter9.1 The efflux time for 200
24、mL of distilled water at 20.0Cwith an acceptable Engler viscosimeter shall be between 50.0and 52.0 s. Determine this time and the factor representing theefflux time for 50.0 mL of water at 25.0C, as described in9.1.1 9.1.6:9.1.1 Clean the inner vessel and efflux tube of the viscosim-eter with approp
25、riate solvents, and finish by washing severaltimes with pure methyl or 95 % ethyl alcohol and rinsingseveral times with distilled water.NOTE 1In cleaning the viscosimeter take particular precautions toavoid injury to the efflux tube and measuring points. Use only a soft clothin the cup, and soft tis
26、sue in the efflux tube. Avoid wires or similarsubstances and corrosive liquids. To prevent an air seal, keep the lid andlip of the cup clean at all times. After a viscosimeter has been used withbituminous materials, pay particular attention to cleaning the metalsurrounding the bottom end of the effl
27、ux tube. Failure to do this may causeerratic and erroneous results.9.1.2 Immediately after cleaning the viscosimeter, close theefflux tube with a stopper which has never been in contact withtar, oil, or similar materials. Fill the outer bath with water atslightly below or above 20C as found necessar
28、y to maintainthe inner temperature at 20C. Fill the inner vessel approxi-mately to the top of the fixed gage points with freshly boileddistilled water at 20.0C. Level the instrument so the tips of thegage points lie in a plane parallel to the surface of the water,and add or remove water with a pipet
29、 until its surface is evenwith the extreme tips of all gage points. Place the lid andthermometer in position and maintain the inner temperature at20.0C for at least 3 min with frequent stirring; agitate thecontents of the inner cup by holding the stopper firmly androtating the cover back and forth a
30、nd around, occasionallystirring the outer bath. Dry the bottom of the efflux tube and thearea surrounding it by wiping. Carefully lift the stopper untilwater runs into and completely fills the efflux tube, and adjustuntil a hemispherical drop about 4.5 mm in diameter hangsfrom and covers the lower e
31、nd of the tube. Then allow to standwithout agitation for 1 min.9.1.3 Place a dry calibration flask 240 6 10 mm below thedischarge end, and adjust it so the flow will strike the narrowportion of the neck of the flask near or slightly below thecalibration line. Start the timer and simultaneously withd
32、rawthe stopper, suspending it by the lid hook. Determine the time,in seconds, for flow of 200 mL. Repeat this determination,starting the flow under conditions described above until at leastthree successive determinations, varying not more than 0.2 s,are obtained. If the results obtained from three o
33、r more tests donot check within 0.2 s, clean the viscosimeter again and makeadditional trials, until three or more results agree within 0.2 s.9.1.4 Make another series of determinations as above,starting with the instrument freshly washed with alcohol, thenFIG. 2 Engler Viscosity Apparatus Using the
34、 50 mL GraduateFIG. 3 Kohlrausch Sugar FlaskD1665 98 (2014)3with distilled water and refilled as before. The average resultsfrom the second series shall agree with the average from thefirst series within 0.2 s. Take the efflux time for 200 mL at20.0C as the mean of the averages of at least two serie
35、s ofdeterminations agreeing within 0.2 s. This time for an accept-able viscosimeter shall be between 50.0 and 52.0 s.9.1.5 Make additional runs as necessary, beginning with anewly cleaned viscosimeter until two successive series are insubstantial agreement.9.1.6 The factor representing efflux time f
36、or 50 mL of waterat 25.0C has been found to be equivalent to the efflux time for200 mL of distilled water at 20.0C multiplied by 0.224.10. Procedure10.1 Thoroughly clean and dry the cup and outlet tube of theviscosimeter as described in 9.1.1 and insert the stopper. Fillthe outer bath and bring it t
37、o the required temperature of test.Maintain the bath not more than 1C high for tests at 25C,40C, or 50C, and not more than 2 or 3C high for tests at100C.10.2 Pour the material into the cup until it exactly reachesthe tops of the three measuring points when the instrument islevel. Position the 50 mL
38、testing flask so that the bottom of theflask is 130 6 5 mm below the discharge end of the efflux tube,and adjust it so that the effluent will strike the narrow portionof the neck of the flask near or slightly below the calibrationline.10.3 Place the lid and inner thermometer into position andmaintai
39、n the bath, with frequent agitation, at such a tempera-ture that the material in the viscosimeter cup remains at the testtemperature. Maintain these conditions for 3 min. Check theaccuracy of the temperature reading by holding the stopperfirmly in position and rotating the cover at short intervalsdu
40、ring the first 2 min, but do not disturb the material during thelast minute. When these conditions have been met, withdrawthe stopper from the efflux tube, simultaneously start the timer,and suspend the stopper by the hook on the cover. Determinethe time in seconds for 50 mL of material to flow from
41、 theviscosimeter.NOTE 2Once the material has started to flow through the efflux tube,do not use the ring burner, but maintain the required temperature by theaddition or removal of water at suitable temperatures, or by an auxiliaryburner momentarily directed at the outside cylindrical portion of the
42、waterjacket.11. Calculation11.1 Calculate the Engler specific viscosity by dividing thetime of flow for 50 mL of material at the selected temperatureby the factor, as previously determined, according to thefollowing formula:Engler specific viscosity at t 5s for flow of 50 mL at tfactor(1)where:t = s
43、elected temperature of test, C.12. Precision and Bias12.1 Results should not differ from the mean by more thanthe following amounts:Repeatability (one operator and apparatus) 4 %Reproducibility (different operators and apparatus) 6 %13. Keywords13.1 tar; engler specific gravityASTM International tak
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47、e address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 98 (2014)4
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