1、Designation: D1735 08D1735 14Standard Practice forTesting Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water FogApparatus1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1735; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of
2、last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1 This practice covers the
3、basic principles and operating procedures for testing water resistance of coatings in an apparatussimilar to that used for salt spray testing.1.2 This practice is limited to the methods of obtaining, measuring, and controlling the conditions and procedures of water fogtests. It does not specify spec
4、imen preparation, specific test conditions, or evaluation of results.NOTE 1Alternative practices for testing the water resistance of coatings include Practices D870, D2247, and D4585.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for informa
5、tion only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability ofregulatory limitations prior t
6、o use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2B117 Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog) ApparatusD609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related CoatingProductsD610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel
7、 SurfacesD714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of PaintsD823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test PanelsD870 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Water ImmersionD1193 Specification for Reagent WaterD1654
8、Test Method for Evaluation of Painted or Coated Specimens Subjected to Corrosive EnvironmentsD1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for PaintingD2247 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings in 100 % Relative HumidityD2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visua
9、l Color Difference With a Gray ScaleD3359 Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape TestD3363 Test Method for Film Hardness by Pencil TestD4541 Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion TestersD4585 Practice for Testing Water Resistance of Coatings Using Controlled Cond
10、ensation3. Summary of Practice3.1 Coated specimens are placed in an enclosed chamber to permit free settling of fog on all specimens. The temperature of thechamber is usually maintained at 38C (100F). The exposure condition is varied by selecting the duration of the test. Water1 This practice is und
11、er the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2008June 15, 2014. Published December 2008July 2014. Originally approved in 1960. Last p
12、revious edition approved in 20022008 asD1735 04.D1735 08. DOI: 10.1520/D1735-08.10.1520/D1735-14.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Docume
13、nt Summary page on the ASTM website.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM rec
14、ommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C
15、700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1permeates the coating at rates that are dependent upon the characteristics of the coating.Any effects such as color change, blisters,loss of adhesion, softening, or embrittlement are observed and reported.4. Significance and Use4.1 Water can cause
16、 the degradation of coatings, so knowledge of how a coating resists water is helpful in predicting its servicelife. Failure in water fog tests may be caused by a number of factors, including a deficiency in the coating itself, contaminationof the substrate, or inadequate surface preparation. The tes
17、t is therefore useful for evaluating coatings alone or complete coatingsystems.4.2 Water fog tests are used for research and development of coatings and substrate treatments, specification acceptance, andquality control in manufacturing. These tests usually result in a pass or fail determination, bu
18、t the degree of failure may also bemeasured. A coating system is considered to pass if there is no evidence of water-related failure after a specified period of time.4.3 Results obtained from the use of water fog tests in accordance with this practice should not be represented as beingequivalent to
19、a period of exposure to water in the natural environment, until the degree of quantitative correlation has beenestablished for the coating or coating system.4.4 The test apparatus is similar to that used in Practice B117, and the conversion of the apparatus from salt spray to water fogtesting is fea
20、sible. Care should be taken to remove all traces of the salt from the cabinet and reservoir when converting from saltspray to water fog testing.5. Apparatus5.1 Descriptions for the Test Chamber, Test Specimen Supports, and Fog Collecting Devices, are listed underApparatus Sectionin Practice B117.5.2
21、 Unless otherwise specified, provide for continuous recording, such as a chart recorder or data logger, of the temperaturewithin the chamber during the exposure period.6. Test Specimens6.1 This practice does not cover the preparation of test specimens. The substrate composition and surface preparati
22、on, specimenpreparation, and the number of specimens should be agreed upon prior to testing.NOTE 2Applicable methods for the preparation of test panels and substrates are given in Practices D609 and D1730. Practices D823 cover applicationtechniques of the production of uniform films.6.2 Its recommen
23、ded that a control specimen of a paint with known durability be included with each test. Such controlspecimens can provide warning of changes in test severity in a given apparatus, and can indicate variations in test severity betweendifferent apparatuses.6.3 Its recommended that at least two replica
24、te specimens of each different coating be used, so as to compensate for variationsbetween specimens and variations in test conditions within the apparatus.7. Procedure7.1 Fill the reservoir with reagent water conforming to Type IV or better of Specification D1193.7.2 Heat the water to the desired te
25、mperature with the circulating system in operation. If no temperature is specified, heat thewater to 38 6 2C (100 6 4F). Maintain the temperature throughout the test.7.3 Support or suspend specimens 15 from the vertical, with the plane of the specimen parallel to the direction of the fog flow.Slotte
26、d wood supports are suitable for flat specimens. Each specimen shall be placed to permit unencumbered exposure to the fog.A minimum spacing between specimens of 30 mm is recommended. Arrange the specimens so that the water from one specimendoes not drip on other specimens.7.4 Place two containers wi
27、thin the chamber toTo collect fog for measurement. Use collectors that have approximately the sameposition measurement, place two collectors within the chamber asnear the test specimens. Use a glass or plastic funnel with adiameter of area 80 cmapproximately 2 (area 100 mm)mm with the stem of the fu
28、nnel extending into the collection container.Locate one container within 10 cm of the fog nozzle and the other as far as possible from the nozzle. Place the collectors so thatthey collect only the fog from the nozzle. Collection rates are to be measured every 24 h except on weekends. weekends andhol
29、idays. Record the collection rate in mL/h. Refer to customer specification for acceptable collection rates.7.4.1 Use at least four collectors for cabinets that have more than one fogging nozzle. Position a collector 10 cm from eachnozzle. Place the other collectors at positions as far as possible fr
30、om each nozzle.7.4.2 It is recommended to map the collection rates within the exposure zone of the cabinet once a year. Place collectorsthroughout the exposure zone to evaluate variations within the cabinet. Areas that are out of compliance should be taped off andspecimens not tested there. Refer to
31、 manufacturers recommendations to correct the problem.D1735 142NOTE 3Collection rate mapping of a chamber throughout the exposure zone to ensure conformance to the collection rate requirements isrecommended as a means of reducing test variability.NOTE 4Larger cabinets that have more than one fogging
32、 nozzle, may need more than two collectors to obtain adequate collection information. Referto manufacturersmanufacturers recommendations and customers requirements for specific requirements.7.5 To control for variability within the apparatus, reposition the specimens on a regular basis so that all s
33、pecimens spendequivalent amounts of time in the various areas of the apparatus (front, back, left, right, and center).7.6 Adjust the atomizing air supply so that 1.0 to 3.0 mL of water/h is collected in a collector with a diameter of 100 mm basedon an average run of at least 16 h. The collection rat
34、e should Collection rates outside the 1 mL/hr to 3 mL/hr range must be agreedupon between the customer and the supplier before starting the test. The collection rate of the water should be recorded daily.testand the alternate collection rate used must be stated in the test report.NOTE 5The fog rate
35、specified in Practice B117 is only 1.0 to 2.0 mL/h for a collector with a diameter of 100 mm.7.7 Operate the test continuously with the test chamber closed unless otherwise specified. Short interruptions to inspect orremove specimens or to replenish the water supply are permitted, but such interrupt
36、ions should occur no more than once eachday.permitted. Minimize the time the chamber is open during the interruption. Keep chamber closed whenever possible to preventspecimens from drying out.7.8 Conclude the test after a specified period of time or after effects from exposure to water fog are obser
37、ved.7.9 Wipe the test specimens dry. Rate specimens for changes in color, blistering, etc. Evaluate specimens no less than 5 minand no more than 10 min after removal from test, as the effects from water exposure can change within a short time. Remove onlyas many specimens as can be rated within the
38、specified time.NOTE 6The 0 to 10 scale described in the ASTM STP 5003 is preferred for rating. Relevant procedures for evaluating water effects are describedin Test Methods D610, D714, D1654, D2616, D3359, D3363, and D4541.7.9.1 If possible, rate the specimens again after they have been removed from
39、 the test for a recovery period long enough thatmoisture absorbed within the specimens dries out and the specimens reach moisture equilibrium with room air. A recovery periodof 12 from 24 h is generally sufficient. The post-recovery rating allows evaluation of the permanent effects of the exposure a
40、sdistinct from the transient effects, and is especially important for evaluation of color and gloss.8. Report8.1 Report the following information:8.1.1 Sample identification.8.1.2 Results of the evaluation(s).8.1.3 Reference to Practice D1735.8.1.4 Hours of test duration.8.1.5 Test temperature.8.1.6
41、 Rate of fog collected.8.1.7 Special conditions of test or any deviations in test procedure.9. Keywords9.1 adhesion; blistering; resistance-water; rust; water fogSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (D173508)that may im
42、pact the use of this standard. (Approved June 15, 2014.)(1) Clarified fog collectors in 7.4 and added “except holidays.”(2) Removed permissive language in 7.6 and rewrote to agree with 7.4.(3) Revised 7.7 about minimizing time chamber should be open.3 Paint and Coating Testing Manual, 14th ed., ASTM
43、 1995.D1735 143ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of
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46、he ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at th
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