ASTM D1754 D1754M-2009 Standard Test Method for Effect of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-Film Oven Test)《热量和空气对沥青材料(薄膜蒸发器烘箱试验)影响效果的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 1754/D 1754M 09Standard Test Method forEffects of Heat and Air on Asphaltic Materials (Thin-FilmOven Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1754/D 1754M; the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or, in the case of rev

2、ision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval. A superscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the effectsof heat and air on a film of semisolid asph

3、altic materials. Theeffects of this treatment are determined from measurements ofselected asphalt properties before and after the test.1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;

4、therefore, eachsystem shall be used independently of the other. Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.3 WarningMercury has been designated by the UnitedStates Environmental Protection Agency and many state agen-cies as a hazardous material that can cau

5、se central nervoussystem, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may behazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution shouldbe taken when handling mercury and mercury containingproducts. See the applicable Material Safety Data Sheet(MSDS) for details and EPAs websitehttp:/www.epa.g

6、ov/mercury/index.htmfor additional information. Users shouldbe aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containingproducts into your state may be prohibited by state law.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility

7、 of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5 Test Method for Penetration of Bituminous MaterialsD113 Test Method for Ductility of Bituminous Ma

8、terialsD 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts(Bitumens)D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by VacuumCapillary ViscometerD 3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements forAgen-cies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving MaterialsD 4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Spec

9、ifyingBalances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, andConstruction Materials TestingE1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE 145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE 1137/E 1137M Specification for Industrial Platinum Re-sistance Thermometers3. Summ

10、ary of Test Method3.1 A film of asphaltic material is heated in an oven for 5 hat 163C 325F. The effects of heat and air are determinedfrom changes incurred in physical properties measured beforeand after the oven treatment.An optional procedure is providedfor determining the change in sample mass.3

11、.2 Precision values for the method have been developed forviscosity, viscosity change, penetration change, mass change,and ductility.4. Significance and Use4.1 This method indicates approximate change in propertiesof asphalt during conventional hot-mixing at about 150C302F as indicated by viscosity,

12、 penetration, or ductilitymeasurements. It yields a residue which approximates theasphalt condition as incorporated in the pavement. If themixing temperature differs appreciably from the 150C302F level, more or less effect on properties will occur.NOTE 1The quality of the results produced by this st

13、andard aredependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedureand the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used.Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D 3666 are generallyconsidered capable of competent and objective testing and sampling.1This test met

14、hod is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Roadand Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.46 onDurability and Distillation Tests.Current edition approved July 1, 2009. Published July 2009. Originally approvedin 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2002 a

15、s D 1754 97 (2002).2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

16、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Apparatus5.1 OvenThe oven shall be electrically heated and shallconform to the performance requirements of SpecificationE 145, Type IB (Gravity-Convection), for operating tempera-tures up to 180C 356F. During the tests for c

17、ompliance toSpecification E 145 requirements, the oven shelf, properlycentered as described in 5.1.2 shall be in place and rotating.5.1.1 ConstructionThe oven shall be rectangular, andeach interior dimension (exclusive of space occupied by theheating element) shall be a minimum of 330 mm 13 in. anda

18、 maximum of 535 mm 21 in. The oven shall have, in front,a tightly fitted hinged door, which shall provide a clear openingsubstantially the same as the interior height and width of theoven. The door may contain a window with dimensions of atleast 100 by 100 mm 4 by 4 in. and with two sheets of glasss

19、eparated by an air space, through which a vertical thermom-eter, located as specified in 5.2, may be read without openingthe door; or the oven may be provided with an inner glass door,through which the thermometer may be observed on openingthe outer door momentarily. The oven shall be adequatelyvent

20、ilated by convection currents of air and for this purposeshall be provided with openings for the entrance of air and forthe exit of heated air and vapors. Openings may be of any sizeand arrangement provided the requirements of SpecificationE 145, Type IB, are met.5.1.2 Rotating ShelfThe oven shall b

21、e provided with asingle metal circular shelf having a minimum diameter of 250mm 9.8 in. and a maximum diameter of 450 mm 18 in. Theshelf construction shall be such that it provides a flat surfacefor support of the containers without blocking all air circulationthrough the shelf when the containers a

22、re in place. The shelfshall be suspended by a vertical shaft and centered with respectto the horizontal interior dimensions of the oven and shall beprovided with a mechanical means of rotating it at the rate of5.5 6 1.0 r/min. The preferred vertical position for the shelf is150 mm 6 in. above the bo

23、ttom of the oven (exclusive ofspace occupied by the heating element), and the shelf shall belocated as close to this position as permitted by compliancewith the requirements of 5.2 regarding thermometer placement.The shelf shall be constructed or marked in such a way that thesample containers can be

24、 placed in the same position duringeach test. There shall be a minimum of two and a maximum ofsix sample container positions. Each sample container positionshall be symmetrical with respect to the shaft and to any holesin the shelf. The number of sample container positions shall bethe maximum that w

25、ill fit on the shelf without violating theabove requirements and without excessive overhang.5.2 Thermometric DeviceAn ASTM Loss on Heat Ther-mometer having a range from 155 to 170C and conforming tothe requirements for Thermometer 13C, as prescribed inSpecification E1, or a Grade A platinum resistan

26、ce thermom-eter, commonly known as a PRT or an RTD (or both),conforming to Specification E 1137/E 1137M, connected to ameter readable to 0.1, and verified accurate at 163C 325F,shall be used for determining the test temperature. The 13Cthermometer, if used, shall be supported from the shaft of theci

27、rcular shelf in a vertical position at a point equidistant fromthe center and outer edge of the shelf. The bottom of thethermometer bulb shall be 40 mm 1.5 in. above the top of theshelf. The thermometer shall be radially centered over a samplecontainer position. If a PRT or RTD is used for determini

28、ng thetest temperature, it shall be independent of the oven tempera-ture control system and the tip of the measuring sensor shall bepositioned 40 mm 1.5 in. above the top of the shelf andcentered over the arc of the rotating pans. Thermometricdevices shall be calibrated when initially installed, and

29、 theiraccuracy at 163C 325F shall be verified at least annuallythereafter.5.3 ContainerCylindrical pans, 140 6 1 mm 5.5 6 0.04in. in inside diameter and 9.5 6 1.5 mm 38 6116 in. deepwith a flat bottom. Fifty millilitres of the sample in this sizecontainer give a film thickness of approximately 3.2 m

30、m 18in. Pans shall be made of stainless steel and shall have a metalthickness of approximately 0.64 mm 0.025 in.NOTE 2Pans have a tendency to become warped or bent with use.Although tests indicate that a small amount of warping does notsignificantly affect results, frequent inspection to eliminate w

31、arped ordamaged pans is advisable. The indicated metal thickness has been foundto provide adequate rigidity without excessive weight. Stainless steel pansmanufactured from 0.6-mm thick No. 24 stainless sheet gauge steelcomply with the recommended thickness. Pans made from 0.48 mm-thickNo. 26 stainle

32、ss sheet gauge metal are also acceptable but have a greatertendency to warp during use.5.4 BalanceA balance conforming to the requirements ofguide D 4753, Class G2.6. Preparation of Oven6.1 Ensure that the thermometric device tip is positioned 40mm 1.5 in. above the top of the shelf and centered ove

33、r thearc of the rotating pans.6.2 Ensure the oven is level so that the shelf rotates in ahorizontal plane. The maximum tilt during rotation shall not bemore than 3 from the horizontal.6.3 Preheat oven for a minimum of two hours prior totesting, with the control setting adjusted to the setting that w

34、illbe used during the test. The setting shall be selected such thatwhen the oven is fully loaded, the oven will equilibrate at 163.06 1C 325 6 2F.NOTE 3Removing sample containers will affect convection patternsin the oven, and may cause the temperature reading to change from thedesired reading. This

35、 is normal, and occurs because the thermometricdevice is not in the same location as the temperature control sensor.Replacing the containers should cause the temperature reading to return tothe original reading.7. Preparation of Samples7.1 Place sufficient material for the test in a suitablecontaine

36、r and heat to a fluid condition. Extreme care should betaken so that there is no local overheating of the sample andthat the highest temperature reached is not more than 163C325F. Stir the sample during the heating period, but avoidincorporating air bubbles in the sample. Transfer 50 6 0.5 ginto eac

37、h of two or more tared containers meeting the require-ments of 5.3.7.2 At the same time, pour a portion of the sample into thecontainers specified for measurement of original asphalt prop-erties. Complete the tests by appropriate ASTM Test MethodsD5, D 2170,orD 2171.D 1754/D 1754M 0927.3 If the quan

38、titative value of the mass change is desired,cool the samples for the oven test to room temperature anddetermine the mass of each sample separately to the nearest0.001 g. If the mass change is not required, allow the samplesto cool to approximately room temperature before placing inthe oven as direc

39、ted in 8.1.8. Procedure8.1 With the oven preheated and adjusted as described in6.3, quickly place the asphalt samples in the predeterminedsample container positions on the circular shelf (Note 4 andNote 5). Fill any vacant positions with empty sample contain-ers, so that every sample container posit

40、ion is occupied. Closethe oven door and start rotating the shelf. Maintain thespecified temperature range for 5 h after the sample has beenintroduced and the oven has again reached that temperature.The 5-h period shall start when the temperature reaches 162C323F and in no case shall the total time t

41、hat a sample is inthe oven be more than 514 h. At the conclusion of the heatingperiod, remove the samples from the oven. If the mass changeis not being determined, proceed in accordance with 8.3.Ifthemass change is being determined, cool to room temperature,determine the mass to the nearest 0.001 g,

42、 and calculate themass change on the basis of the asphalt in each container (Note6).NOTE 4Materials having different mass change characteristics shouldnot generally be tested at the same time due to the possibility ofcross-absorption.NOTE 5This test method does not prohibit placing an asphalt sample

43、in the position under the mercury thermometer. However, it is recom-mended that this position not be used for a sample, and that an empty panremain in this position, in order to minimize the risk associated withthermometer breakage.NOTE 6When complete tests cannot be made in the same day, and ifthe

44、mass change is being determined, determine the masses of the residuesand store them overnight before reheating. If the mass change is not beingdetermined, transfer the residue to the 240-mL 8-oz container asdescribed in 8.3 before storing overnight.8.2 After determining the mass of the samples, plac

45、e themon a refractory-board and then on the shelf of the ovenmaintained at 163C 325F. Close the oven and rotate theshelf for 15 min and immediately proceed as described in 8.3.8.3 Remove each pan individually and transfer the contentsby pouring and scraping into a seamless metal container ofapproxim

46、ately 240-mL 8-oz capacity. Remove substantiallyall of the material from the pans by scraping with a suitabletool such as a spatula or putty knife. While the residue is beingremoved from each pan, the oven door shall remain closed,with the heater power on, and the remaining samples rotatingon the sh

47、elf. The final pan shall be removed from the ovenwithin 5 min of the removal of the initial pan. Stir thecombined residues thoroughly, in a semi fluid state, untilhomogenous. If needed, heat the combined residues in thecovered metal container in an oven at a temperature notexceeding 163C 325F. Compl

48、ete the tests on residue byappropriate ASTM Test Methods D5, D 2170,orD 2171within 72 h of performing this test.NOTE 7Care should be taken if the sample is reheated, sinceexcessive reheating can affect the apparent severity of the test.9. Report9.1 Report the values of the original asphalt propertie

49、smeasured in 7.2 and the residue property values as measured in8.3. Viscosity change may also be expressed as the ratio of theresidual asphalt viscosity to the original asphalt viscosity.Penetration change is evaluated as the penetration of theresidue expressed as the percentage of the original penetration.9.2 Report ductility or other test results in accordance withthe appropriate ASTM test methods.9.3 When determined, report the average mass change of thematerial in all conta