ASTM D1762-1984(2013) Standard Test Method for Chemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal《木炭化学分析的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D1762 84 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forChemical Analysis of Wood Charcoal1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1762; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.

2、 A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of moisture,volatile matter, and ash in charcoal made from wood. The testmethod is applica

3、ble to lumps and briquets and is designed forthe evaluation of charcoal quality. The test method employsapparatus that is found in most laboratories and is adapted toroutine analyses of a large number of samples.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associa

4、ted with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D346 Practice for Collection and Preparation of CokeSamples

5、for Laboratory AnalysisD410 Method of Sieve Analysis of Coal (Withdrawn 1988)3D3176 Practice for Ultimate Analysis of Coal and CokeD3180 Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analysesfrom As-Determined to Different Bases3. Summary of Method3.1 The sample is ground in a specified manner and themoist

6、ure determined as loss in weight in a drying oven at105C. Volatile matter is determined as loss in weight at 950Cunder specified conditions. Ash is determined as the residueafter burning to constant weight at 750C.4. Significance and Use4.1 Low quality wood and wood residues are used for woodcharcoa

7、l. This test method is used for evaluating the charcoalto assess the methods of production and assist in developingnew methods.5. Apparatus5.1 Mill,4for grinding samples.5.2 Oven, with automatic temperature control at 105 6 1C.5.3 Muffle Furnace, to control temperatures at 750 6 5Cand 950 6 5C.5.4 A

8、nalytical Balance, with a capacity of at least 100 g anda sensitivity of 0.1 mg.5.5 Containers, airtight, such as screw-top bottles for stor-age of ground samples.5.6 Sieves, as specified in Method D410.5.7 Crucibles, porcelain, 41 by 37 mm with porcelain lids.5.8 Desiccator, containing calcium chlo

9、ride as drying agent.6. Sample6.1 Sample SelectionThe sample shall be selected so as tobe representative of all of the material contained in a lot.Sample selection shall be carried out in accordance withPractices D346, D3176, and D3180.6.2 Sample PreparationSamples will normally be air-drycharcoal l

10、umps or briquets. Rainsoaked or wet samples shall bespread out to air-dry before carrying out the analysis. Forpurchase specifications, the moisture content of the charcoal, asreceived, shall be determined on samples ground to pass a No.20 (850-m) sieve, since excessive grinding will result in losso

11、f moisture due to the generation of heat. For laboratoryevaluation, moisture, ash, and volatile matter shall be deter-mined on a sample ground as follows:1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Woodand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.01 on Fundamental Te

12、stMethods and Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2013. Published August 2013. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D1762 84 (2007).DOI: 10.1520/D1762-84R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service

13、at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.4A Wiley Mill, size No. 2, with a 1-mm screen, or an equivalent mill has beenfo

14、und satisfactory for this purpose. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, pleaseprovide this information to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments willreceive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.Copyright ASTM International, 100

15、 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States16.2.1 All of the selected sample shall be ground; no part ofthe sample shall be rejected. The sample shall be pulverizedrapidly in a mill. Long grinding times shall be avoided becauseof generated heat which will cause l

16、oss of volatile material.Excessive grinding will produce a large amount of fineparticles smaller than a No. 100 (150-m) sieve. These fineparticles contribute to errors of being swept out of the crucibleduring the rapid evolution of gases in the determination ofvolatile matter. Particles that will be

17、 retained on a No. 20(850-m) sieve shall not be used. Samples with the followingsieve analysis have been found satisfactory:Passing Sieve Retained on Sieve Sample, %. No. 20 (850-m) 0No. 20 (850-m) No. 40 (425-m) 14.5No. 40 (425-m) No. 60 (250-m) 18.7No. 60 (250-m) No. 80 (180-m) 7.0No. 80 (180-m) N

18、o. 100 (150-m) 3.4No. 100 (150-m) . 56.46.2.2 The ground sample shall be well mixed and stored inan airtight container.7. Procedure7.1 Make duplicate determinations.7.2 MoistureHeat the muffle furnace to 750C and placepreviously ignited porcelain crucibles (Note 1) and covers inthe furnace for 10 mi

19、n. Cool the crucibles in a desiccator for 1h. Weigh the crucibles and add to each approximately 1 g,weighed to the nearest 0.1 mg, of the ground sample. Place thesamples in the oven at 105C for 2 h. Place the dried samplesin a desiccator for 1 h and weigh (Note 2).NOTE 1In practice, a crucible from

20、a previous determination is used.NOTE 2The sample shall be considered oven-dry when the decrease inweight of consecutive weighings is 0.0005 g or less. Succeeding dryingperiods shall be not less than 1 h.7.3 Volatile MatterHeat the muffle furnace to 950C.Preheat the crucibles used for the moisture d

21、etermination, withlids in place and containing the sample, as follows: with thefurnace door open, for 2 min on the outer ledge of the furnace(300C) and then for 3 min on the edge of the furnace (500C)(Note 3). Then move the samples to the rear of the furnace for6 min with the muffle door closed. Wat

22、ch the samples througha small peep-hole in the muffle door. If sparking occurs, resultswill be in error (Note 4). Cool the samples in a desiccator for1 h and weigh.NOTE 3Individual nichrome wire baskets to hold the crucibles areconvenient.NOTE 4If the sparking sample does not check the results of it

23、snonsparking duplicate within 60.5 %, the analysis shall be repeated.7.4 AshPlace the lids and the uncovered crucible used forthe volatile matter determination, and containing the sample inthe muffle furnace at 750C for 6 h. Cool the crucibles with lidsin place in a desiccator for 1 h and weigh. Rep

24、eat burning ofthe sample until a succeeding 1-h period of heating results in aloss of less than 0.0005 g.8. Calculation and Report8.1 Calculate the percentage of moisture in the sample asfollows:Moisture, % 5 A 2 B!/A# 3100 (1)where:A = grams of air-dry sample used, andB = grams of sample after dryi

25、ng at 105C (7.2).8.2 Calculate the percentage of volatile matter in the sampleas follows:Volatile matter, % 5 B 2 C!/B# 3100 (2)where:C = grams of sample after drying at 950C (7.3).8.3 Calculate the percentage of ash in the sample as follows:Ash, % 5 D/B! 3100 (3)where:D = grams of residue (7.4).8.4

26、 Report all results to the first decimal place. Values forduplicate determinations should agree within the following:Constituent DeterminedPermissible DifferencesBetween Duplicates, %Moisture 0.1Volatile matter 0.5Ash 0.19. Precision and Bias9.1 There is currently no data available with which todeve

27、lop a precision and bias statement.10. Keywords10.1 ash; charcoal; moisture; volatile matterASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determinatio

28、n of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdra

29、wn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your c

30、omments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single

31、or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D1762 84 (2013)2