ASTM D1776-2008 Standard Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles.pdf

1、Designation: D 1776 08Standard Practice forConditioning and Testing Textiles1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1776; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the conditioning and testing oftextiles when conditioning is specified in a test method.Because prior exposure of textiles to high

3、or low humidity mayaffect moisture pick-up equilibrium, a procedure also is givenfor preconditioning the material when required.1.2 The values stated the text are in SI units. Inch-poundunits are shown in parentheses. The values stated in eachsystem are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system

4、shallbe used independently of the other. Combining values from thetwo systems may result in nonconformance to a specification.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish ap

5、pro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 885 Test Methods for Tire Cords, Tire Cord Fabrics, an

6、dIndustrial Filament Yarns Made from ManufacturedOrganic-Base FibersD 1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing TextilesD 4920 Terminology Relating to Conditioning, Chemical,and Thermal PropertiesD 7269 Test Methods for Tensile Testing of Aramid YarnsE 337 Test Method for Measuring Humidity with a

7、Psy-chrometer (the Measurement of Wet- and Dry-Bulb Tem-peratures)2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 139 Textiles Standard Atmosphere for Conditioningand Testing33. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 accelerated conditioning, n a process that useshumidity generation and precise temperature controls to rap-idly brin

8、g a textile to equilibrium in a standard atmosphere.3.1.1.1 DiscussionAccelerated conditioning may beachieved in closed cabinets, rooms or process lines designedsuch that equilibrium can be achieved in a much shorter time,such as 2 to 10 minutes, compared to typical conditioningtimes.3.1.2 moisture

9、content, nthat part of the total mass of amaterial that is absorbed or adsorbed water, expressed as apercentage of the total mass.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe total mass is the original masscomprising the dry substance plus any water present. The wordwater as used in these definitions refers to the compoun

10、dchemically defined as H2O. The terms water and moisturefrequently are used interchangeably in the literature and thetrade, but the term moisture is sometimes considered to includeother volatile matter.3.1.3 moisture equilibrium, n the state of condition atextile reaches when it no longer takes up m

11、oisture from, orgives up moisture to, the surrounding atmosphere.3.1.3.1 DiscussionSuperficial equilibrium is reached veryrapidly when air comes into contact with the outer surfaces ofa textile. Moisture equilibrium can be reached in a reasonabletime only if the air to which the sample is exposed is

12、 in motion.Moisture equilibrium, with air temperature (in motion) andrelative humidity controlled to prescribed levels, is achievedwhen successive weighings do not show a progressive changein mass greater than the tolerance established for the textile.3.1.4 moisture equilibrium, for preconditioning,

13、 nthemoisture state of a textile sample(s) or specimen(s) reachedafter exposure to moving air in the standard atmosphere forpreconditioning.1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 on Textiles andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.51 on Conditioning and, Chemicalan

14、d Thermal Properties.Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1998. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D 177604.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book

15、 of ASTMStandards volume information, refer tot he standards Document summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd Street, 13thFloor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428

16、-2959, United States.3.1.5 moisture equilibrium, for testing, nthe state of atextile sample(s) or specimen (s) reaches after exposure tomoving air and relative humidity in selected standard atmo-spheres for conditioning and testing, when its mass does notchange the after successive weighings.3.1.5.1

17、 DiscussionFor test purposes, moisture equilib-rium must be reached by adsorption, starting from a relativelymoisture content. Moisture equilibrium for testing is consid-ered as having been reached when the rate of increase in massof a sample or specimen does not exceed that specified for themateria

18、l being tested.3.1.6 precondition, vto bring a sample or specimen of atextile to a relatively low moisture content (approximateequilibrium an atmosphere between 5 and 25% relative humid-ity) prior to conditioning in a controlled atmosphere for testing.3.1.7 standard atmosphere for preconditioning te

19、xtiles,na set of controlled conditions having a temperature not over50C (122F), with respective tolerances of 61C (62F), anda relative humidity of 5-25% 6 2 % for the selected humiditythat drying can be achieved prior to conditioning in thestandard atmosphere for testing textiles.3.1.8 standard atmo

20、sphere for testing textiles,nlaboratory conditions for testing fibers, yarns, and fabrics inwhich air temperature and relative humidity are maintained atspecific levels with established tolerances. See Table 1.3.1.8.1 DiscussionTextile materials are used in a numberof specific end use application th

21、at frequently require differenttesting temperatures and relative humidities. Specific condi-tioning and testing of textiles for end product requirements canbe carried out using Table 1 in Practice D 1776.3.1.9 For additional terms, see Terminologies D 123 andD 4920.4. Summary of Practice4.1 Samples

22、or specimens requiring preconditioning arebrought to relatively low moisture content in a specifiedatmosphere. Samples or specimen not requiring pre-conditioning are brought to moisture equilibrium (specific tofiber-content) according to the standard atmosphere for testingtextiles as shown in Table

23、1.5. Significance and Use5.1 The conditioning prescribed in this practice is designedto obtain reproducible results on textiles and textile products.Results of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolledatmosphere conditions may not be comparable with each other.In general, many of the phys

24、ical properties of textiles andtextile products are influenced by relative humidity and tem-perature in a manner that affects the results of the tests. Tomake reliable comparisons among different textile materialsand products, and among different laboratories, it is necessaryto standardize the humid

25、ity and temperature conditions towhich the textile material or product is subjected for condi-tioning and during testing.6. Apparatus6.1 Conditioning Room or Chamber, consisting of:6.1.1 Equipment for maintaining the standard atmospherefor testing textiles throughout the room or chamber within theto

26、lerances given in Table 1 and including facilities for circu-lating air over all surfaces of the exposed sample or specimenand6.1.2 Equipment for recording the temperature and relativehumidity of the air in the conditioning room, chamber, or area.6.2 Psychrometer, Ventilated by Aspiration, or a simi

27、larmeasuring device, which is accurate to 61C (62F), forchecking the recorded relative humidity, as directed in TestMethod E 337.6.3 Preconditioning Cabinet, Room, or Space, equipped formaintaining the standard atmosphere for preconditioningwithin the tolerance given in 3.1.6.6.4 Balance, having a s

28、ensitivity of one part in 1000 of themass of the specimen.6.5 Multiple Shelf Conditioning Rack,4,5for spreading outsamples and specimens.7. Preparation of Test Apparatus and Calibration7.1 Set-up procedures for the preconditioning and condi-tioning room or chamber from different manufacturers mayvar

29、y. Prepare and verify calibration of the temperature andrelative humidity recording devices as directed in the manu-facturers instructions.7.2 Verify calibration of the temperature and relative hu-midity recording devices in the testing room as directed in theequipment manufacturers instructions.7.2

30、.1 The temperature and relative humidity indicated onthe control point or on a recorder located away from thespecimen may not be representative of a localized condition atthe specimen because of local effects or deficiency in circula-tion of air that may take place in an enclosure or room.4Drawings

31、of the passive conditioning rack may be obtained from the AmericanAssociation of Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park,NC 27709-2215.5A suitable rapid conditioning system may be constructed in the laboratory. See“Earnest, D. W., 1996, Advancements in USDA Cotton Classing Fa

32、cilities, Proceed-ings 1996, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp. 16511654,” and “Knowiton, J. I., andAlldredge, R. K., 1994, A New Method for Accelerating Cotton Sample Condition-ing in Cotton Classing Offces, Proceedings 1994, Beltwide Cotton Conferences, pp.582584.” Suitable self-contained rapid cond

33、itioning units are available from atleast two commercial sources.TABLE 1 Standard Atmospheres for Testing Various MaterialsMaterial Temperature Relative Humidity % ASTM StandardGlass fiber products:Plastic applications 23 6 2C (73.4 6 3.6F) 50 6 5 D 618Textile applications 21 6 1C (70 6 2F) 65 6 5 D

34、 1776Tire cords:Rayon, Polyester, Polyamide 20 6 2C (68 6 2F) 65 6 2 D 885Aramid 20 6 2C (68 6 2F) 65 6 5 D 7269D 1776 082Tolerances at a controller usually must be smaller than thoserequired at the specimen.7.3 Determine the temperature and relative humidity of theair in the preconditioning cabinet

35、 (6.3) if required, the condi-tioning room (6.1) and the testing room as directed in TestMethod E 337. If necessary, adjust the conditions to meet thespecified limits for the standard atmospheres for precondition-ing, conditioning, and testing, as applicable.7.3.1 If the standard atmosphere for test

36、ing is found to beout of tolerance, use the guidelines in Note 2 to establish theequalization time after adjustments have been made and therequired tolerances have been attained before any furthertesting is conducted.7.3.2 Make temperature and relative humidity measure-ments in an atmosphere as clos

37、e as possible to the specimenbeing conditioned or tested; however, it should not differsignificantly from the room monitoring systems.8. Procedure8.1 Unless otherwise specified, condition and test materialsknown to be sensitive to variations in temperature or relativehumidity in an atmosphere define

38、d in 3.1.7 after precondition-ing as defined in 3.1.6, if required.8.1.1 Textile materials are used in a number of specificend-use applications that frequently require different testingatmospheres (temperature and relative humidity). Conditionand test textiles as described in respective test methods

39、. In theabsence of a conditioning and testing requirement, refer to3.1.7 and use Table 1 as applicable.8.2 Expose the samples or specimens in either the precon-ditioning or conditioning atmosphere in such a manner that theair will have free access to all surfaces.8.2.1 Fiber samples or specimens sho

40、uld be exposed topreconditioning or conditioning in loose or open state, unlessotherwise required.8.2.2 Unless otherwise specified in an applicableASTM testmethod or specification, expose yarns, threads and other lightcordage in skein form.8.2.3 Spread out fabric samples or specimens singly on thesh

41、elves of a conditioning rack to facilitate proper exposure ofall sides of the fabric, particularly when testing large volumesof fabric.8.2.3.1 For test methods that require preconditioning andconditioning of samples before specimen preparation a linemay be used to hang multiple samples. This is sati

42、sfactoryexcept in cases where stretching of the fabric may affect certaintesting parameters, in which case the conditioning rack shall beused.8.3 If preconditioning is required, place the samples orspecimens in the preconditioning cabinet (See 6.3) and keepthem in the standard atmosphere for precond

43、itioning for aspecified period of time, or until they have attained moistureequilibrium for preconditioning as defined in 3.1.4.8.3.1 If preconditioning is carried out in an oven, to ensurethat the material does not become moisture-free, it may beadvisable to perform successive weighings of the spec

44、imen atintervals of not less than 2 h until the change in mass does notexceed 0.2 %. Sufficient preconditioning usually can beachieved after4hat50C (122F) and 25 % relative humidity.However, where accelerated conditioning is used, a shorterinterval of 2-10 min may be used. In these cases, successive

45、weighing of the specimen at intervals of 2 minutes may bedone to determine that the change in mass does not exceed0.2%.NOTE 1The rate for reaching moisture equilibrium may vary depend-ing on the temperature, relative humidity, fiber content, treatments, orcondition of the material prior to precondit

46、ioning. Because the standardatmosphere for preconditioning textiles covers a wide range of relativehumidities, a close approach to equilibrium is in general warranted only atthe top of the range. Exposure for several hours at lower humidities isusually sufficient to lower the humidity for preconditi

47、oning.8.3.2 If exposure to oven heat in preconditioning could havea detrimental effect on a physical attribute to be measured,lower the moisture level to exposure using the low end of thehumidity range and room temperature which is 20 to 30C (68to 86F) (see Note 1).FIG. 1 Multiple Shelf Conditioning

48、 RackD 1776 0838.4 Transfer the samples or specimens to the conditioningroom set at the standard atmosphere for testing textiles, orwhen specified, other atmosphere from Table 1 (see 8.1) for aspecified time or until they attain moisture equilibrium fortesting. for a specified time or until they att

49、ain moistureequilibrium for testing. Moisture equilibrium is considered tobe reach when the change in mass of a specimen in successiveweighing, made in intervals of not less than 2 hours forspecimens in a conditioned room or intervals of 2 minutesaccelerated conditioning that does not exceed 0.2% of the massof the specimen.NOTE 2It is recognized that in practice textile materials frequently arenot weighed to determine when moisture equilibrium has been reached.While such practice cannot be accepted in cases of dispute, it may besufficient in ro