ASTM D1799-2003a(2008) Standard Practice for Carbon Black&x2014 Sampling Packaged Shipments《炭黑的标准实施规范-包装装运物的取样》.pdf

1、Designation: D 1799 03a (Reapproved 2008)Standard Practice forCarbon BlackSampling Packaged Shipments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1799; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revi

2、sion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1 This practice covers the sampling of packaged

3、carbonblacks for shipment in bags, cartons, flexible immediate bulkcontainers (FIBC), or other non-bulk packages.NOTE 1The tests to be made on the samples obtained by this practiceshall be determined by the producer and the consumer. The specific detailsof each test method are described in appropria

4、te ASTM methods used fortesting carbon black.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values in parentheses are for information only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of th

5、e user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1509 Test Methods for Carbon BlackHeating LossD 5817 Practice for Carbon Black, PelletedReduction,Blendin

6、g, and Drying of Gross Samples for Testing3. Significance and Use3.1 This practice is for use in obtaining representativesamples of carbon black from the packages in the shipment.These samples are used to determine the average quality orvariability of the shipment.4. Apparatus4.1 Sample Splitter, ri

7、ffle-type (see Practice D 5817 forequipment information).4.2 Sample Containers, airtight, 4 dm3(1-gal) capacity.4.3 Scoop, sample.5. General5.1 Packaged shipments of carbon blacks most often consistof 11.35-kg (25-lb), 22.7-kg (50-lb), 25-kg (55-lb), or 50-kg(110-lb) bags. Flexible intermediate bulk

8、 containers usuallyrange in size from 180 kg (396 lb) to 1300 kg (2860 lb). Thispractice may be applied to bags or FIBCs of other sizes. Thesepackages are loaded into vans in definite patterns agreed uponby the producer and the consumer. These may be in the form ofunit loads, stacks, or individual F

9、IBCs. In each case, ashipment involves a given number of packages, units, tiers, ormass.5.2 Samples are taken to evaluate conformance to specifiedrequirements. Multiple samples may be taken to evaluateconformance or uniformity, or both, of a lot. The number ofsamples, their location within the lot,

10、and the quantity of thesamples is determined by the purpose for taking the samples.Alot shall be sampled as prescribed at the point of manufactureor at the receiving point as agreed upon by the producer and theconsumer. Samples may be taken from the packages as loadedor as received. Each sample take

11、n shall represent a unit, lot, orapproximately equal mass of material. Generally, it is desirableto take one sample to represent each 5000 kg (11 000 lb)increment of the lot. For smaller lot sizes being sampled foruniformity, three samples representing approximately equalmasses are recommended. If t

12、he uniformity of the lot is suspector unknown, more samples may be required. For lots withknown acceptable uniformity, one sample may be sufficient.5.3 The size of the individual sample taken shall be deter-mined by the purpose for taking the sample; the quantityneeded to perform the expected test(s

13、) with enough to repeat atest, if needed; whether the sample will be tested individuallyor in a composite; and the quantity needed for blending. For allsamples except those taken directly from a bag, a minimum of4dm3(1 gal) is recommended. The 4 dm3(1 gal) minimumsample size is recommended because p

14、elleted carbon blackstend to stratify. When sampling directly from an individualbag, the mass removed must be small enough that it does notadversely affect the final mass remaining in the bag to renderit unsuitable for use.NOTE 2Pellet quality tests may be erroneous due to a local or spottycondition

15、 unless the samples are blended through the sample splitter asdescribed in Practice D 5817.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on CarbonBlack and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D24.61 on Carbon BlackSampling and Statistical Analysis.Current edition approved S

16、ept. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originallyapproved in 1960. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1799 03a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer

17、to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.6. Sample Preparation and Handling6.1 Store the samples in airtight containers until the tests arecompleted. This is especially

18、 critical if the samples are to betested for Heating Loss (see Test Methods D 1509).6.2 Handle samples collected for the determination of pelletquality with discretion to avoid pellet breakdown.6.3 If individual samples are taken for testing indepen-dently, prepare the samples in accordance with Pra

19、cticeD 5817. This is particularly important if pellet quality tests areto be made on the sample. It is highly recommended that themean quality of the shipment be calculated from the individualsamples. This will provide mean quality, and maximum andminimum variations.6.4 If individual samples are com

20、posited, prepare thesample(s) for testing in accordance with Practice D 5817.7. Procedure7.1 In the absence of an agreed upon sampling patternbetween the producer and the consumer, the following sam-pling pattern per shipment is recommended with the assump-tion that the lot was produced and packaged

21、 under conditionsto insure acceptable lot uniformity. If the uniformity of the lotis suspect or unknown, the number of samples taken should beincreased.7.1.1 Bags:7.1.1.1 One or more bags but less than a full unit: onesample from one bag.7.1.1.2 One to four units: one sample from one unit.7.1.1.3 Fi

22、ve to eight units: at least three samples represent-ing the first, middle, and last units.7.1.1.4 More than eight units: sample the first, sixth,twelfth, eighteenth, and if available, twenty-fourth units.7.1.2 FIBCs:7.1.2.1 One to four FIBCs: one sample from one FIBC.7.1.2.2 Five to eight FIBCs: at

23、least three samples repre-senting the first, middle, and last FIBCs.7.1.2.3 More than eight FIBCs:(a) FIBCs weighing 500 kg (1100 lb) or less, sample thefirst, tenth, twentieth, thirtieth, and if available, fortieth FIBC.(b) FIBCs weighing more than 500 kg (1100 lb), sample thefirst, sixth, twelfth,

24、 eighteenth, and if available, twenty-fourthFIBC.7.2 Bag Sampling:7.2.1 Method AUsing a scoop, remove the sample fortesting from a representative portion of the bag after carefullyremoving at least a 25mm (1in.) thickness of surfacematerial, or more if needed, to reach the mass of interest fromthe p

25、osition sampled (see 5.3).7.2.2 Method BThe sample mass may be collected fromthe flowing stream (“as loaded”) while the bag is being filled.7.2.3 Method CUse a scoop sized to fit the bag loadingsprout to remove the sample mass (see 5.3).7.3 FIBC Sampling:7.3.1 Method AUse a scoop to removea4dm3(1 ga

26、l)sample. The sample should not be taken from material directlyunder the loading spout due to the possible presence ofdisproportionately high fines created by the loading equipment.Using the scoop, move aside about 100 mm (4 in.) of the topmaterial at the selected sample site before removing the sam

27、plematerial.7.3.2 Method BA sample thief may be used to samplematerial from the FIBC. The thief must be able to sample atleast 150 mm (6 in.) below the surface. It may be necessary touse the thief several times to collect the 4 dm3(1 gal) sample.7.3.3 Method CThe sample mass may be collected fromthe

28、 flowing stream (“as loaded”) while the FIBC is being filled.7.4 Test the sample(s) thus obtained from the package(s) ofcarbon black singly or composited, as agreed upon by theproducer and consumer. In the absence of an agreed upontesting plan between the producer and the consumer, test eachsample i

29、ndividually, except for those tests where the carbonblack is mixed with rubber for testing. For those tests, acomposite sample is acceptable.8. Report8.1 In the absence of an agreed upon reporting formatbetween the producer and the consumer, the report of testsmade on the material shall be the avera

30、ge of all samples testedfor each test.NOTE 3The report of the tests shall include details as required in theappropriate ASTM methods used for testing carbon black.9. Precision and Bias9.1 Precision and bias are not applicable to this practice,since it does not produce quantitative data.10. Keywords1

31、0.1 bags; carbon black; cartons; flexible intermediate bulkcontainer (FIBC); sampling of packaged shipmentsASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised th

32、at determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reappr

33、oved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you f

34、eel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).D 1799 03a (2008)2