1、Designation: D1824 95 (Reapproved 2010)D1824 16Standard Test Method forApparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at LowShear Rates1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1824; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case
2、of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope Scope*1.1
3、This test method covers the measurement of plastisol and organosol viscosity at low shear rates.1.2 Apparent viscosity at high shear rates is covered in Test Method D1823.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.1.
4、4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.NOTE 1This test met
5、hod resembles ISO 3219-1977 in title only. The content is significantly different.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1755 Specification for Poly(Vinyl Chloride) ResinsD1823 Test Method for Apparent Viscosity of Plastisols and Organosols at High Shear Rates by Extrusion ViscometerE1 Specific
6、ation for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass ThermometersE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method2.2 ISO Standard:ISO 3219-1977: Polymers in the Liquid, Emulsified, or Dispersed StateDetermination of Viscosity With a RotationalViscometer Working at a Define
7、d Shear Rate33. Summary of Test Method3.1 The sample is conditioned to the proper temperature and its viscosity is determined.4. Significance and Use4.1 The suitability of a dispersion resin for any given application process is dependent upon its viscosity characteristics.4.2 The viscosity defines t
8、he flow behavior of a plastisol or organosol under low shear. This viscosity relates to the conditionsencountered in pouring, casting, molding, and dipping processes.5. Apparatus5.1 Viscometer.Viscometer, Concentric Cylinder RotationalThe essential instrumentation required providing the minimumrotat
9、ional viscometer analytical capabilities include:5.1.1 A drive motor to apply a unidirectional displacement to the specimen at a rate from 0.5 to 60 r/min constant to 60.5 %.5.1.2 A force sensor to measurement the torque developed by the specimen by the rotational element.5.1.3 A coupling shaft, or
10、other means, to transmit the rotational displacement from the motor to the spindle.1 This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic Materials.Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2010April 1, 2016. Pu
11、blished March 2011April 2016. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 asD1824 - 95(2002). DOI:10.1520/D1824-95R10.(2010). DOI:10.1520/D1824-16.2 For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For
12、Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended onl
13、y to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versi
14、onof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States1NOTE 2It is helpful to have a mark on th
15、e shaft to indicate appropriate test fluid level.5.1.4 Arotational element, spindle or tool of the right circular cylindrical shape as shown in Fig. 1, to fix the specimen betweenthe drive shaft and a stationary position.NOTE 3The rotational element dimensions L and D, are selected so that the measu
16、red viscosity is between 10 and 90 % of the range of that element.5.1.5 Adata collection device, to provide a means of acquiring, storing, and displaying measured or calculated signals, or both.The minimum output signals required for rotational viscometry are torque, rotational speed, temperature an
17、d time.NOTE 4Manual observation and recording of data are acceptable.5.1.6 A stand to support, level, and adjust the height of the drive motor, shaft and rotational element.5.1.7 Auxiliary instrumentation considered useful in conducting this method includes:5.1.7.1 Data analysis capability to provid
18、e viscosity, stress or other useful parameters derived from the measured signals.5.1.7.2 A level to indicate the vertical plumb of the drive motor, shaft and rotational element.5.1.7.3 Aguard or other method to protect the rotational element from mechanical damage due to contact between the rotation
19、alelement and the container walls.5.2 Sample Containers, Tin Cans, or Glass Jars, 1-pt (500-mL) capacity. Minimum dimensions of containers should be 80-mm(3.15-in.) 500-mL(1-pint) capacity with minimum dimensions of 80 mm (3.15 in.) inside diameter by 80 mm (3.15 in.) deep.depth.5.3 Thermometer, Tem
20、perature Measurement DeviceASTM Solvents Distillation Thermometer having a range from 2to + 52C from 2 to +52C (28 to 126F) and conforming to the requirements for Thermometer 37C as prescribed in SpecificationE1. Use of temperature measuring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers, thermocouple
21、s, or platinum resistancethermometers having equivalent or better accuracy and precision, while covering the temperature range of Thermometer 37C.5.4 Timer.FIG. 1 Rotational Spindle ConfigurationD1824 1626. Conditioning6.1 Maintain the plastisol or organosol samples at 23 6 1C (73 6 2F) and 50 6 5 %
22、10 % relative humidity at all times aftermixing and throughout the period of viscosity determinations.7. Procedure7.1 Select a spindle that will read in the middle or upper portion of the viscometer dialindication at the highest rotational speedto be used. Insert the spindle into the sample at appro
23、ximately a 45 angle. Withdraw the spindle and attach it to the viscometer.Taking care not to entrap an air bubble, lower the viscometer to immerse the spindle near the edge of the sample. Move the sampleso as to center the spindle. Adjust its depth to the immersion mark.7.2 Insert the spindle into t
24、he sample at an angle to wet it. Withdraw the spindle and attach it to the viscometer motor.7.3 Taking care not to entrap an air bubble, lower the spindle into the specimen near the edge of the container. Then, adjust thespindle position so that it is centered in the container. Adjust its test speci
25、men level to the level recommended by the instrumentoperations manual.7.4 Start the viscometer Initiate the rotation of the spindle at its lowest speed. Allow it to run 2 min. Record the scale readingduring the next rotation. Without stopping the viscometer, switch to the next higher speed. Record t
26、he scale readings after 2 minat each speed in order from the lowest to the highest speeds.7.5 Record the torque scale reading during the next rotation. Record the corresponding specimen temperature.7.6 Without stopping the rotation of the spindle, increase the rotational speed by a factor of 2. Reco
27、rd the torque reading andtemperature after 2 min.7.7 RecordRepeat 7.6the sample temperature at the conclusion of viscosity readings. until the highest rotational speed availableis reached.8. Calculation8.1 Calculate the viscosity using the factorsprocedure provided with the viscometer.in the viscome
28、ter operations manual.9. Report9.1 Report the following information:9.1.1 Complete sample identification.9.1.2 Temperature of the sample.9.1.2 Viscometer model and spindle number used for test.9.1.3 Viscosity and temperature at each spindle speed (shear rate) used.9.1.4 Sample Any sample conditionin
29、g time.NOTE 2If only one viscosity is to be reported, record as the viscosity, the poises at 20 rpm for Model RVF, or at 60 rpm for Model LVF, togetherwith the aging period, viscometer model and spindle number, for example, “Viscosity, 20 rpm, 2-h aging, Model RVF, No. 6 spindle = X poises.” In allc
30、ases when only one value is reported, the test shall be run at each of the speeds in the order indicated in the procedure.10. Precision and Bias410.1 Table 1 and Table 2 are based on a round robin conducted in 1983 involving six PVC dispersion resins tested by fivelaboratories at 2 RPMr/min and 20 R
31、PM.r/min. For each resin, all the samples were prepared at one source, but the individual4 Supporting data are available from ASTM Headquarters. Request RR: D20-1137.TABLE 2 Precision of Viscosity Data at 20 RPM (20 r/min)NOTE 10.1 Pas = 1 PoiseAverageViscosityValues expressed as% of the AverageResi
32、n (Poises) r A R B rC RDV 24.72 8.5 12.1 23.8 34.0IV 38.36 3.9 12.8 10.9 35.8II 82.24 6.3 26.8 17.6 74.9I 92.52 6.9 14.5 19.3 40.6III 102.40 11.8 22.6 33.0 63.2VI 226.05 11.6 27.1 32.5 75.9A r is the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.B R is the between-laboratories coefficien
33、t of variation of the average.Cr is the within-laboratory Repeatability Limit ( = 2.8 r).DR is the between-laboratories Reproducibility Limit ( = 2.8 R).D1824 163plastisols were prepared according to Specification D1755 at the laboratories which tested them. Each test result consisted of oneindividu
34、al determination at the stated RPM. rotational speed. Each laboratory obtained five test results for each resin at 2RPMr/min and 20 RPM.r/min.NOTE 5Caution:The following explanations of r and R (10.2 10.2.3) are only intended to present a meaningful way of considering the approximateprecision of thi
35、s test method. With data from only five laboratories, the between-laboratories results, in particular, should be viewed with extreme caution!The data in Table 1 through 4 should not be rigorously applied to acceptance or rejection of material, as those data are specific to the roundrobininterlaborat
36、ory study and may not be representative of other lots, conditions, materials, or laboratories. Users of this test method should apply theprinciples outlined in the 1987 edition of Practice E691 to generate data specific to their laboratory and materials, or between specific laboratories. Theprincipl
37、es of 10.2 10.2.3 would then be valid for such data.10.2 Concept of r and RIf Sr and SR were calculated from a large enough body of data, and for test results consisting of onedetermination per test result:10.2.1 Repeatability Limit, rIn comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by
38、the same operator using the sameequipment on the same day, the two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for thatmaterial.10.2.2 Reproducibility Limit, RIn comparing two test results for the same material, obtained by different operators usingdifferent
39、equipment in different laboratories on different days, the two test results should be judged not equivalent if they differby more than the R value for that material.10.2.3 Any judgment in accordance with 10.2.1 or 10.2.2 would have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.10.3 There a
40、re no recognized standards by which to estimate bias of this test method.11. Keywords11.1 apparent viscosity; low shear rate viscometry; PVC organosol; PVC plastisol; rotational viscometerTABLE 1 Precision of Viscosity Data at 2 RPM (2 r/min)NOTE 10.1 Pas = 1 PoiseAverageViscosityValues expressed as
41、% of the AverageResin (Poises) r A RB rC RDI 33.20 8.1 12.0 22.7 33.7IV 62.00 4.2 13.7 11.8 38.4II 141.76 8.2 31.0 23.0 86.7V 197.04 13.2 44.4 37.0 124.2III 265.36 18.6 35.9 52.1 100.6VI 607.68 23.6 45.1 66.1 126.3A r is the within-laboratory coefficient of variation of the average.B R is the betwee
42、n-laboratories coefficient of variation of the average.Cr is the within-laboratory Repeatability Limit ( = 2.8 r).r).DR is the between-laboratories Reproducibility Limit ( = 2.8 R).R).D1824 164SUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee D20 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the
43、last issue(D1824 95(2010) that may impact the use of this standard. (April 1, 2016)(1) Expanded 6.1 to include a technical description of the rotational viscometer.(2) Expanded 7.2 to 7.7 for readability.(3) Added new Fig. 1.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent
44、rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at
45、any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments
46、will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by
47、ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail);
48、 or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ Brookfield model RVF or LVF, or equivalent has been found satisfactory for this purpose. Brookfield Engnrg. Labs, Inc., Stoughton, MA 02072.D1824 165
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