ASTM D1833-1987(2017) Standard Test Method for Odor of Petroleum Wax《石油蜡气味的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D1833 87 (Reapproved 2017) Technical Association ofPulp and Paper IndustryTentative Method T 654 ts-64Designation: 185/65(85)Standard Test Method forOdor of Petroleum Wax1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1833; the number immediately following the designation indicate

2、s the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for rating

3、 the odorintensity of waxes derived from petroleum.1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of

4、regulatory limitations prior to use.1.3 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Tra

5、de Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 odor (of a wax) numerical rating corresponding tothe odor scale description that best fits the sample being tested.3. Summary of Test Method3.1 Odor test specimens are prepared from petroleum waxby placing

6、 approximately 10 g of thin shavings on odor-freepaper or glassine. Individual test specimens are then evaluatedfor odor by each panel member and assigned the numbercorresponding to the odor scale description best fitting theintensity of the odor. As an alternative procedure, the waxshavings are pla

7、ced in bottles, with each panel member makingthe odor evaluation between 15 min and 60 min after thespecimens are prepared. The average of the panel rating isreported as the odor rating of the sample.4. Significance and Use4.1 In some uses of petroleum wax, such as food packaging,odor intensity of t

8、he wax is an important property. Forexample, some description of limits on wax odor often appearsin specifications for petroleum wax. The method given hereprovides a basis for agreement between laboratories on theodor intensity of wax using a numerical scale rather thandescriptive terms. While the m

9、ethod is primarily intended forrating odor intensity, results can be influenced by odor type.5. Apparatus5.1 ScraperA knife, vegetable scraper, or other sharpinstrument that can be cleaned easily. Mechanical devices thatproduce thin shavings from wax, such as vegetable shreddersor chisel-shaped bits

10、, may be used.5.2 PaperOdor-free paper or glassine for receiving thewax shavings.5.3 Bottles, 8 oz (250 mL) wide-mouth, with caps (foralternative procedure only).6. Test Panel6.1 The odor test panel should consist of at least five people.6.2 In selecting panel members for wax odor testing, theimport

11、ant factors to be considered are (1) agreement with the“true” rating, and (2) individual consistency. A method whichmay be used for checking these factors is given in theAppendix X1.NOTE 1Any members with respiratory infection should be omittedsince sensitivity may be impaired.7. Sample and Test Spe

12、cimen7.1 The sample shall consist of a block of wax at roomtemperature, from which at least 100 g of shavings may beobtained.7.2 The test specimen for evaluation by each panel membershall consist of approximately 10 g of wax in thin shavingsobtained from the sample.1This test method is under the jur

13、isdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.10.0A on Physical/Chemical Properties.This test method was adopted as a jointASTM-IP Standard in 1965. In the IP, thismethod is under the jurisdiction of the Standard

14、ization Committee.Current edition approved June 1, 2017. Published July 2017. Originally approvedin 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D1833 87 (2012). DOI:10.1520/D1833-87R17.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United Stat

15、esThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Tra

16、de (TBT) Committee.18. Procedure8.1 Scrape the surface of the sample to remove any foreignmaterial and discard those scrapings. Using a clean scraper,prepare test specimens of approximately 10 g each of wax inthin shavings, placing them on odor-free paper or glassine.Obtain shavings that represent a

17、 cross section of the samplebeing tested. Prepare one test specimen for each panel member.NOTE 2Conduct odor tests in a room as free as possible from odor.Avoid low relative humidity conditions, if possible, since it may causedifficulty in odor perception.8.2 Each panel member shall make the odor ev

18、aluationimmediately after the shavings are prepared by placing thenostrils in contact with the shavings and sniffing lightly (Note3). An alternative procedure is permitted as follows: Immedi-ately after preparing the shavings, transfer them to clean,odor-free bottles which are then capped. Prepare o

19、ne bottle foreach panel member. Each panel member shall then evaluate thetest specimen between 15 min and 60 min after preparation, byremoving the bottle cap, placing the nostrils at the bottle mouthand sniffing lightly.NOTE 3If the specimen is smelled repeatedly, the odor level willusually seem to

20、decrease due to “olfactory fatigue” or loss of volatilecomponents in the specimen, or both.8.3 Record the numerical rating, as shown in Table 1, whichcorresponds to the odor intensity that best characterizes eachspecimen.NOTE 4Panel members should not discuss odor test results until alltests have be

21、en completed on a sample.8.4 Individual panel members shall not evaluate a series ofmore than three specimens at a time. Intervals of at least15 min between each series shall be mandatory.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate to the nearest 0.5 unit the average of thenumerical ratings given to a sample by the

22、 panel members. Ifany of the individual ratings differ from the average by morethan 1.0 unit, repeat the odor evaluation test for that sample byall panel members. If, on the second test, any individual resultsdiffer from the average by more than 1.0 unit, discard thoseindividual results and calculat

23、e a new average.10. Report10.1 Report the average panel rating calculated to thenearest 0.5 unit as the odor rating of the sample by ASTMD1833.11. Precision and Bias11.1 PrecisionA precision statement is being developedfor this test method.11.2 BiasThe procedure in this test method has no biasbecaus

24、e the value of odor can be defined only in terms of a testmethod.12. Keywords12.1 odor; petroleum wax; waxAPPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. METHOD FOR SELECTING PANEL MEMBERSX1.1 ScopeX1.1.1 Prospective panel members may be checked by thismethod for (1) agreement with the “true” rating, and (2)i

25、ndividual consistency.X1.2 Agreement with the “True” RatingX1.2.1 Select four wax samples that have slight but differentodor intensities. (Usually 3 lb or 4 lb (1 kg or 2 kg) of eachwax sample is required for the evaluation of eight or tenprospective members.) Prepare the specimens for testing asdes

26、cribed in 8.1, and place them in an odor-free location. Eachof the prospective panel members shall rate the samplesalphabetically from A to D in the order of preferencebest orworst. Ratings shall be made once per day until eight or tenratings have been made on the same set of waxes. (Identify thewax

27、es by different code numbers each day.) Individual mem-bers shall be graded against the “true” ratings of the waxes thatare arrived at as follows:4 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 1stplace,3 points are given to a sample each time it appears in 2ndplace,2 points are given to a sa

28、mple each time it appears in 3rdplace,1 point is given to a sample each time it appears in 4th place.X1.2.2 Add all points at the end of the testing program toarrive at the relative ratings of the samples, which are taken asthe “true” ratings.X1.2.3 Determine the individual grade of the prospectivep

29、anel member as follows: Subtract the same number of pointson each sample as the number of places it is away from its“true” rating. For example, if four waxes are found by the panelto rate in the order A, B, C, D, and the individual tester ratesthem in the order B, C, A, D, then his “ B” is out of po

30、sition by1, “C” is out 1,“ A” is out by 2, and “D” is properly placed. TheTABLE 1 Odor Intensity ScaleNumerical Rating Odor Description0 none1 slight2 moderate3 strong4 very strongD1833 87 (2017)2prospective panel member has missed by a total of 4 points.The greatest possible number of points accrue

31、d if his rating hadbeen a complete reversal from the panel rating, would havebeen 8. The prospective members score is therefore 50 for theone rating.Score 5 R 2 L!/R# 3100 (X1.1)where:R = points when panel order is reversed, andL = actual points when compared to panel order.X1.2.4 The individuals fi

32、nal score is the average of all hisdaily scores.X1.3 Individual ConsistencyX1.3.1 The individuals consistency is determined in ex-actly the same manner as his score as described in X1.2.3,except that his daily ratings shall be compared with his ownoverall average rather than the “true” rating.X1.4 A

33、verage ScoreX1.4.1 A normally competent tester should score about 70in both “true” rating and individual consistency. Other scoringmethods, however, may be used to fit particular circumstances.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection wi

34、th any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible tech

35、nical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful considerat

36、ion at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Ha

37、rbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 87 (2017)3