ASTM D1835-2005 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases《液化石油(LP)气标准规范》.pdf

1、Designation: D 1835 05An American National StandardStandard Specification forLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of las

2、t revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers those products commonlyreferred to as liquefied petroleum gases, consisting of propane,propen

3、e (propylene), butane, and mixtures of these materials.Four basic types of liquefied petroleum gases are provided tocover the common use applications.1.2 This specification is applicable to products intended foruse as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and enginefuels.1.3 The values stated

4、 in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and

5、health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases (Manual Method)D 1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D 1

6、657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density ofLight Hydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerD 1837 Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD 1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Lique-fied Petroleum (LP) GasesD 2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gase

7、sD 2163 Test Method for Analysis of Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatog-raphy3D 2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)D 2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Prop-erties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP)

8、Gases from Composi-tional AnalysisD 2713 Test Method for Dryness of Propane (Valve FreezeMethod)D 2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied PetroleumGases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)D 3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston CylinderD 6667 Test Method for Determination of To

9、tal VolatileSulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied PetroleumGases by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD 6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)2.2 Other Document:GPA Standard 214043. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 commercial butanea hydrocarbon produ

10、ct for usewhere low volatility is required.3.1.2 commercial PB mixturesmixtures of propane andbutane for use where intermediate volatility is required.3.1.3 commercial propanea hydrocarbon product for usewhere high volatility is required. Commercial propane issuitable for certain low severity intern

11、al combustion engineapplications.3.1.4 special-duty propanea high-quality product com-posed chiefly of propane, which exhibits superior antiknockcharacteristics when used as an internal combustion enginefuel.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and

12、 Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved Apr. 1, 2005. Published April 2005. Originallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D 1835 03a.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm

13、.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Withdrawn.4Available from Gas Processors Assn., 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK 1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the en

14、d of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.4. Sampling4.1 Proper sampling of liquefied gases is extremely impor-tant if the test results are to be significant. Obtain representa-tive samples in accordance with

15、Practice D 1265 or PracticeD 3700. In the event of a dispute involving sample integritywhen sampling for testing against D 1835 requirements, Prac-tice D 3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall con-form to the

16、 requirements prescribed in Table 1.6. Keywords6.1 butane; HD-5 propane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gasesspecifications; propaneTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum GasesProduct TypeCommercialPropaneCommercialButaneCommercialPB MixturesSpecial-DutyPropaneAASTM TestMethods (seeSection

17、2)Vapor pressure at 37.8C (100F), max,kPa1434 483B1434 D 1267 or D 2598or D 6897Cpsig 208 70B208 D 1267 or D 2598or D 6897CVolatile residue:evaporated temperature, 95 %, max, C 38.3 2.2 2.2 38.3F 37 36 36 37 D 1837orbutane and heavier, max, vol % 2.5 . . 2.5 D 2163pentane and heavier, max, vol % . 2

18、.0 2.0 . D 2163Propylene content, max, vol % . . . 5.0 D 2163Residual matter:residue on evaporation 100 mL, max,mL0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D 2158oil stain observation passDpassDpassDpassDD 2158Relative density at 15.6/15.6C (60/60F)EEE. D 1657 or D 2598Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D 1

19、838FSulfur, ppmw 185G140G140G123GD 2784 or D 6667HHydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D 2420Moisture content pass . . pass D 2713Free water content . noneInoneI. .AEquivalent to Propane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.BThe permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed

20、 1430 kPa (208 psig) and additionally shall not exceed that calculated fromthe following relationship between the observed vapor pressure and the observed relative density:Vapor pressure, max 5 1167 2 1880 relative density at 60/60F! or 1167 2 1880 relative density at 15.6/15.6C!A specific mixture s

21、hall be designated by the vapor pressure at 100F in pounds per square inch gage. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of the mixtureshall be within +0 to 10 psi of the vapor pressure specified.CIn case of dispute about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by T

22、est Method D 1267 shall prevail over the value calculated by PracticeD 2598 or measured by Test Method D 6897.DAn acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper, in 0.1-mL increments and examined indaylight after 2 min as de

23、scribed in Test Method D 2158.EAlthough not a specific requirement, the relative density must be determined for other purposes and should be reported. Additionally, the relative density of PB mixtureis needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).FThis method may not a

24、ccurately determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains corrosioninhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip.GThe total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used

25、for stenching purposes.HTest Method D 6667 may be used as an alternative means of sulfur measurement for LPG samples within the range that has been validated in Test Method D 6667.IThe presence or absence of water shall be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the relative density

26、is determined.D1835052APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM (LP) GASESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Liquefied petroleum gas products are composed ofthose readily liquefiable hydrocarbon compounds that areproduced in the course of processing natural ga

27、s and also in thecourse of the conventional refining of crude oil. The compo-sition of liquefied gases can vary widely depending upon thesource and the nature of the treatment to which the productshave been subjected.X1.1.2 There are many uses for liquefied petroleum gases.Important uses include, (1

28、) as domestic, commercial, andindustrial fuels, (2) as a carbon source material in metaltreating operations, (3) as refinery raw materials for synthesisof gasoline components, and (4) as petrochemical raw materi-als. The nature of the needs dictates the required compositioncharacteristics in these v

29、arious applications. Since the last threeuses of those listed are in the category of specialty applications,which involve special requirements, they are excluded fromconsideration in the specifications.X1.1.3 In substance, this specification is designed to prop-erly define acceptable products for do

30、mestic, commercial, andindustrial uses. In many cases it will be found that productsmeeting the specifications will also be usable in applicationsother than the ones for which they were designed. Thefollowing can be accepted as a general guide in the morecommon use applications of the four types of

31、fuels:X1.1.3.1 Commercial PropaneThis fuel type is adequatefor domestic, commercial, and industrial use, particularly ingeographical areas and in seasons where low ambient tempera-tures are common, and where uniformity of fuel is an importantconsideration. Commercial propane is suitable for certain

32、lowseverity internal combustion engine applications.X1.1.3.2 Commercial PB MixturesThis fuel type, since itcovers a broad range of mixtures, permits the tailoring of fuelsto specific needs. The various mixtures find application asdomestic, commercial, and industrial fuel in areas and at timeswhen lo

33、w ambient temperature conditions are not encountered.This fuel type is not suitable for vapor withdrawal applicationsin cool or cold climates.X1.1.3.3 Commercial ButaneThis fuel type finds limitedapplication as a domestic fuel in areas of warmer climates. It issimilarly used in industrial applicatio

34、ns where problems of fuelvaporization are not present, such as direct liquid injection.X1.1.3.4 Special-Duty PropaneThis fuel type, equivalentto HD-5 propane, is a product tailored to meet the restrictiveneeds of internal combustion engines operating under moderateto high engine severity. Fuel produ

35、cts of this type will be lessvariable in composition and combustion characteristics thanthe other products covered by this specification.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 This specification addresses commercial liquefiedpetroleum gases consisting of either propane or butane ormixtures thereof. Consequ

36、ently, the important characteristicsof these products can be defined and controlled by a relativelyfew simple measurements. The specification test methodsprovided achieve the desired results. The significance of thevarious tests as they can apply to consumer problems issummarized here.X1.2.2 Vapor P

37、ressure, Volatility, and Relative Density:X1.2.2.1 Vapor PressureIndirect measure of the mostextreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vapor-ization can be expected to take place. It can be considered as asemiquantitative measure of the amount of the most volatilematerial present in the

38、 product. It can also be used as a meansfor predicting the maximum pressures which may be experi-enced at fuel tank temperatures. Vapor pressure becomes moresignificant when it is related to volatility.X1.2.2.2 VolatilityExpressed in terms of the 95 % evapo-rated temperature of the product, is a mea

39、sure of the amount ofleast volatile fuel component present in the product. Coupledwith a vapor pressure limit, it serves to assure essentiallysingle-component products in the cases of commercial propaneand commercial butane fuel types. When volatility is coupledwith a vapor pressure limit which has

40、been related to gravity,as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture type of fuels, thecombination serves to assure essentially two component mix-tures for such fuels. When coupled with a proper vaporpressure limit, this measurement serves to assure that special-duty propane products will be composed

41、 chiefly of propane andpropylene and that propane will be the major constituent.X1.2.2.3 Relative DensityBy itself, has little significance.It becomes of value only when related to vapor pressure andvolatility. Since relative density is of importance in meetingtransportation and storage requirements

42、 it is always determinedfor all liquefied petroleum gas products.X1.2.3 Other Product CharacteristicsWhile the vaporiza-tion and combustion characteristics of commercial liquefiedgas products are completely defined for the normal useapplications by vapor pressure, volatility, and relative density,as

43、 given in X1.2.2, there are other items which either affect ormight affect the results obtained in some specific use applica-tions. For that reason, limits are specified for residue content,copper corrosion, sulfur content, moisture content, and freewater content to provide assurance of product depe

44、ndabilityunder the more extreme conditions of use.X1.2.3.1 ResidueA measure of the concentration ofsoluble hydrocarbon materials present in the product which aresubstantially less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gasD1835053product being sampled. Control of residue content is ofimportance in ap

45、plications where the fuel is used in liquid orvapor feed systems (where fuel vapors are withdrawn from thetop of the LPG storage container). In either case, failure to limitthe permissible concentration of residue materials may result introublesome deposits or regulating equipment may becomefouled,

46、or both.X1.2.3.2 Copper CorrosionLimits are for the purpose ofproviding assurance that difficulties will not be experienced inthe deterioration of the copper and copper-alloy fittings andconnections which are commonly used in many types ofutilization, storage, and transportation equipment. The coppe

47、rcorrosion test will detect the presence of hydrogen sulfide,which is highly toxic. The copper corrosion limits also provideassurance that the LP-Gas will not contain H2S in suchquantities as to present a health and safety hazard if it is knownthat the product does not contain corrosion inhibitors o

48、r otherchemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip. Inaddition, Test Method D 2420 is recommended as a field testand added safeguard to ensure that LP-Gas does not containdetectable amounts of hydrogen sulfide.X1.2.3.3 Sulfur ContentLimits are provided to more com-pletely define liqu

49、efied petroleum gas products because theseproducts are generally lower in sulfur content than most otherpetroleum-derived fuels. The limit on sulfur content minimizessulfur oxide emissions and limits potential corrosion by ex-haust gases from combustion of LPG.X1.2.3.4 Moisture ContentLimits the percent saturationof the product with water. This measurement using TestMethod D 2713 is a requirement only on the commercial andspecial duty propane types of liquefied petroleum gas whichmust be sub-saturated with water at temperatur