ASTM D1835-2011 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases《液化石油(LP)气标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: D1835 11Standard Specification forLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers those products commonlyreferred to as liquefied petroleum gases, consisting of propane,propene (propylene), butane, and mixtu

3、res of these materials.Four basic types of liquefied petroleum gases are provided tocover the common use applications.1.2 This specification is applicable to products intended foruse as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and enginefuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded

4、asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determ

5、ine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases, Manual MethodD1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D1657 Test Method for Density or

6、Relative Density ofLight Hydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerD1837 Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Lique-fied Petroleum (LP) GasesD2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD2163 Test Method for Analysis of

7、 Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatog-raphyD2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Proper-ties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Composi-tional AnalysisD271

8、3 Test Method for Dryness of Propane (Valve FreezeMethod)D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied PetroleumGases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston CylinderD6667 Test Method for Determination of Total VolatileSulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons

9、 and Liquefied PetroleumGases by Ultraviolet FluorescenceD6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)2.2 Gas Processors Association Standard:3GPAStandard 2140 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specificationsand Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 comm

10、ercial butane, na hydrocarbon product for usewhere low volatility is required.3.1.2 commercial PB mixtures, nmixtures of propane andbutane for use where intermediate volatility is required.3.1.3 commercial propane, na hydrocarbon product foruse where high volatility is required. Commercial propane i

11、ssuitable for certain low severity internal combustion engineapplications.3.1.4 special-duty propane, na product composed chieflyof propane which exhibits superior antiknock characteristicsand was specifically developed for use as fuel in spark ignitioninternal combustion engines.4. Sampling4.1 Prop

12、er sampling of liquefied gases is extremely impor-tant if the test results are to be significant. Obtain representa-tive samples in accordance with Practice D1265 or PracticeD3700. In the event of a dispute involving sample integritywhen sampling for testing against D1835 requirements, Prac-tice D37

13、00 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved May 1, 2011. Published May 2011. Origi

14、nallyapproved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D183505. DOI:10.1520/D183511.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document

15、 Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Gas ProcessorsAssociation, 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK 1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.5. Detailed Req

16、uirements5.1 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall con-form to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6. Keywords6.1 butane; HD-5 propane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gasesspecifications; LPG; propane; special duty propaneTABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum GasesProduct Ty

17、peCommercialPropaneCommercialButaneCommercialPB MixturesSpecial-DutyPropaneAASTM TestMethods (seeSection 2)Vapor pressure at 37.8C (100F), maxkPa 1434 483B1434 D1267 or D2598 orD6897Cpsig 208 70B208 D1267 or D2598 orD6897CVolatile residue:evaporated temperature, 95 %, maxC 38.3 2.2 2.2 38.3F 37 36 3

18、6 37 D1837orButane and heavier, max, vol % 2.5 . . 2.5 D2163Pentane and heavier, max, vol % . 2.0 2.0 . D2163Propylene content, max, vol % . . . 5.0 D2163Residual matter:DResidue on evaporation of 100 mL,max, mL0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158Oil stain observation passEpassEpassEpassED2158Density at 15C or

19、 relative density at15.6/15.6C (60/60F)FFF. D1657 or D2598Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838GSulfur, mg/kg (ppm mass) 185H140H140H123HD2784 or D6667IHydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D2420Moisture content pass . . pass D2713Free water content . noneJnoneJ. .AEquivalent to Prop

20、ane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.BThe permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed 1430 kPa (208 psig) and additionally shall not exceed that calculated fromthe following relationship between the observed vapor pressure and the observed relative density:Vapor press

21、ure, max 5 1167 2 1880 relative density at 60/60F! or 1167 2 1880 relative density at 15.6/15.6C!A specific mixture shall be designated by the vapor pressure at 100F in pounds per square inch gage. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of the mixtureshall be within +0 to 10 psi of the v

22、apor pressure specified.CIn case of dispute about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by Test Method D1267 shall prevail over the value calculated by Practice D2598or measured by Test Method D6897.DSee X1.2.3.1 for information about residues in LPG.EAn acceptable product s

23、hall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper, in 0.1-mL increments and examined indaylight after 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.FAlthough not a specific requirement, the density or relative density can be needed for other purposes an

24、d should be reported. Additionally, the relative density of PBmixture is needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).GThis method may not accurately determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains

25、corrosioninhibitors or other chemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip.HThe total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for stenching purposes.ITest Method D6667 may be used as an alternative means of sulfur measurement for LPG samples within the ra

26、nge that has been validated in Test Method D6667.JThe presence or absence of water shall be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the density or relative density is determined.D1835 112APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM

27、 (LP) GASESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Liquefied petroleum gas products are composed ofthose readily liquefiable hydrocarbon compounds that areproduced in the course of processing natural gas and also in thecourse of the conventional refining of crude oil. The compo-sition of liquefied gases can vary widely

28、depending upon thesource and the nature of the treatment to which the productshave been subjected.X1.1.2 There are many uses for liquefied petroleum gases.Important uses include, (1) as domestic, commercial, andindustrial fuels, (2) as a carbon source material in metaltreating operations, (3) as ref

29、inery raw materials for synthesisof gasoline components, and (4) as petrochemical raw materi-als. The nature of the needs dictates the required compositioncharacteristics in these various applications. Since the last threeuses of those listed are in the category of specialty applications,which invol

30、ve special requirements, they are excluded fromconsideration in the specifications.X1.1.3 In substance, this specification is designed to prop-erly define acceptable products for domestic, commercial, andindustrial uses. In many cases it will be found that productsmeeting the specifications will als

31、o be usable in applicationsother than the ones for which they were designed. Thefollowing can be accepted as a general guide in the morecommon use applications of the four types of fuels:X1.1.3.1 Commercial PropaneThis fuel type is adequatefor domestic, commercial, and industrial use, particularly i

32、ngeographical areas and in seasons where low ambient tempera-tures are common, and where uniformity of fuel is an importantconsideration. Commercial propane can be suitable for certainlow severity internal combustion engine applications.X1.1.3.2 Commercial PB MixturesThis fuel type, since itcovers a

33、 broad range of mixtures, permits the tailoring of fuelsto specific needs. The various mixtures find application asdomestic, commercial, and industrial fuel in areas and at timeswhen low ambient temperature conditions are not encountered.This fuel type is not suitable for vapor withdrawal applicatio

34、nsin cool or cold climates.X1.1.3.3 Commercial ButaneThis fuel type finds limitedapplication as a domestic fuel in areas of warmer climates. It issimilarly used in industrial applications where problems of fuelvaporization are not present, such as direct liquid injection.X1.1.3.4 Special-Duty Propan

35、eThis fuel type, equivalentto HD-5 propane, is a product tailored to meet the restrictiveneeds of internal combustion engines operating under moderateto high engine severity (that is, normal automotive applica-tions). Fuel products of this type will be less variable incomposition and combustion char

36、acteristics than the otherproducts covered by this specification. Special-Duty Propanecan be used as a substitute for Commercial Propane.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 This specification addresses commercial liquefiedpetroleum gases consisting of either propane or butane ormixtures thereof. Consequ

37、ently, the important characteristicsof these products can be defined and controlled by a relativelyfew simple measurements. The specification test methodsprovided achieve the desired results. The significance of thevarious tests as they can apply to consumer problems issummarized here.X1.2.2 Vapor P

38、ressure, Volatility, and Relative Density:X1.2.2.1 Vapor PressureIndirect measure of the mostextreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vapor-ization can be expected to take place. It can be considered as asemiquantitative measure of the amount of the most volatilematerial present in the

39、 product. It can also be used as a meansfor predicting the maximum pressures which can be experi-enced at fuel tank temperatures. Vapor pressure becomes moresignificant when it is related to volatility.X1.2.2.2 VolatilityExpressed in terms of the 95 % evapo-rated temperature of the product, is a mea

40、sure of the amount ofleast volatile fuel component present in the product. Coupledwith a vapor pressure limit, it serves to assure essentiallysingle-component products in the cases of commercial propaneand commercial butane fuel types. When volatility is coupledwith a vapor pressure limit which has

41、been related to density orgravity, as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture type offuels, the combination serves to assure essentially two compo-nent mixtures for such fuels. When coupled with a propervapor pressure limit, this measurement serves to assure thatspecial-duty propane products will b

42、e composed chiefly ofpropane and propylene and that propane will be the majorconstituent.X1.2.2.3 Density or Relative Densityby itself, has littlesignificance. It becomes of value when related to vaporpressure and volatility. Since density or relative density is ofimportance in meeting transportatio

43、n and storage requirementsit is always determined for all liquefied petroleum gas prod-ucts.X1.2.3 Other Product CharacteristicsWhile the vaporiza-tion and combustion characteristics of commercial liquefiedgas products are completely defined for the normal useapplications by vapor pressure, volatili

44、ty, and relative density,as given in X1.2.2, there are other properties which eitheraffect or might affect the results obtained in some specific useapplications. For that reason, limits are specified for residuecontent, copper corrosion, sulfur content, moisture content, andfree water content to pro

45、vide assurance of product dependabil-ity under the more extreme conditions of use.X1.2.3.1 ResidueA measure of the concentration ofsoluble hydrocarbon materials present in the product which aresubstantially less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gasproduct being sampled. Control of residue conte

46、nt is ofD1835 113importance in applications where the fuel is used in liquid orvapor feed systems (where fuel vapors are withdrawn from thetop of the LPG storage container). In either case, failure to limitthe permissible concentration of residue materials can result introublesome deposits or regula

47、ting equipment can becomefouled, or both. In gas processing plants, LP gas generally isproduced relatively free of residues, but the product canbecome contaminated by heavier hydrocarbons and otherorganic compounds during distribution, especially in multi-product pipelines or while it is in contact

48、with elastomers usedin hoses. The current limit on residue contamination, whilegenerally satisfactory for many conventional uses, may not besuitable for newer applications such as fuel cells and micro-turbines without some form of remediation.X1.2.3.2 Copper CorrosionLimits are for the purpose ofpro

49、viding assurance that difficulties will not be experienced inthe deterioration of the copper and copper-alloy fittings andconnections which are commonly used in many types ofutilization, storage, and transportation equipment. The coppercorrosion test will detect the presence of elemental sulfur andhydrogen sulfide, which is highly toxic. The copper corrosionlimits also provide assurance that the LP-Gas will not containH2S in such quantities as to present a health and safety hazardif it is known that the product does not c