ASTM D1835-2012 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases《液化石油(LP)气标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: D1835 12Standard Specification forLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parenth

2、eses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers those products commonlyreferred to as liquefied petroleum gases, consisting of propane,propene (propylene), butane, and mixtu

3、res of these materials.Four basic types of liquefied petroleum gases are provided tocover the common use applications.1.2 This specification is applicable to products intended foruse as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and enginefuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded

4、asstandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determ

5、ine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP)Gases, Manual MethodD1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D1657 Test Method for Density or

6、Relative Density of LightHydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerD1837 Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) GasesD2158 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) GasesD2163 Test Method for Analysis of L

7、iquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases and Propene Concentrates by Gas Chromatog-raphyD2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in LiquefiedPetroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)D2598 Practice for Calculation of Certain Physical Proper-ties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Composi-tional AnalysisD2713

8、Test Method for Dryness of Propane (Valve FreezeMethod)D2784 Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases(Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp)D3700 Practice for Obtaining LPG Samples Using a Float-ing Piston CylinderD5504 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compoundsin Natural Gas and Gaseous Fue

9、ls by Gas Chromatogra-phy and ChemiluminescenceD5623 Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petro-leum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selec-tive DetectionD6667 Test Method for Determination of Total VolatileSulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied PetroleumGases by Ultraviolet Fluor

10、escenceD6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)D7756 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum(LP) Gases by Gas Chromatography with Liquid, On-Column Injection2.2 Gas Processors Association Standard:3GPA Standard 2140 Liquefied Petroleum Gas S

11、pecificationsand Test Methods1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2012. Published March 2013. Originallyapproved in 19

12、61. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D183511. DOI:10.1520/D183512.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe

13、 ASTM website.3Available from Gas ProcessorsAssociation, 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK *A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1

14、commercial butane, na hydrocarbon product for usewhere low volatility is required.3.1.2 commercial PB mixtures, nmixtures of propane andbutane for use where intermediate volatility is required.3.1.3 commercial propane, na hydrocarbon product foruse where high volatility is required. Commercial propa

15、ne issuitable for certain low severity internal combustion engineapplications.3.1.4 special-duty propane, na product composed chieflyof propane which exhibits superior antiknock characteristicsand was specifically developed for use as fuel in spark ignitioninternal combustion engines.4. Sampling4.1

16、Proper sampling of liquefied gases is extremely impor-tant if the test results are to be significant. Obtain representa-tive samples in accordance with Practice D1265 or PracticeD3700. In the event of a dispute involving sample integritywhen sampling for testing against D1835 requirements, Prac-tice

17、 D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.5. Detailed Requirements5.1 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall con-form to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6. Keywords6.1 butane; HD-5 propane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gasesspecifications; LPG; propane; special duty propan

18、eD1835 122APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFICATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM (LP) GASESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Liquefied petroleum gas products are composed ofthose readily liquefiable hydrocarbon compounds that areproduced in the course of processing natural gas and also i

19、n thecourse of the conventional refining of crude oil. The compo-sition of liquefied gases can vary widely depending upon thesource and the nature of the treatment to which the productshave been subjected.X1.1.2 There are many uses for liquefied petroleum gases.Important uses include, (1) as domesti

20、c, commercial, andindustrial fuels, (2) as a carbon source material in metaltreating operations, ( 3) as refinery raw materials for synthesisof gasoline components, and (4) as petrochemical raw materi-als. The nature of the needs dictates the required compositioncharacteristics in these various appl

21、ications. Since the last threeuses of those listed are in the category of specialty applications,TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum GasesProduct TypeCommercialPropaneCommercialButaneCommercialPB MixturesSpecial-DutyPropaneAASTM TestMethods (seeSection 2)Vapor pressure at 37.8C (10

22、0F), maxkPa 1434 483B1434 D1267 or D2598 orD6897Cpsig 208 70B208 D1267 or D2598 orD6897CVolatile residue:evaporated temperature, 95 %, maxC 38.3 2.2 2.2 38.3F 37 36 36 37 D1837orButane and heavier, max, vol % 2.5 . . 2.5 D2163Pentane and heavier, max, vol % . 2.0 2.0 . D2163Propylene content, max, v

23、ol % . . . 5.0 D2163Residual matter:DResidue on evaporation of 100 mL,max, mL0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158Oil stain observation passEpassEpassEpassED2158Density at 15C or relative density at15.6/15.6C (60/60F)FFF. D1657 or D2598Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838GSulfur, mg/kg (ppm ma

24、ss) 185H140H140H123HD2784 or D6667IHydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D2420Moisture content pass . . pass D2713Free water content . noneJnoneJ. .AEquivalent to Propane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.BThe permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed 1430 kPa (208 ps

25、ig) and additionally shall not exceed that calculated from thefollowing relationship between the observed vapor pressure and the observed relative density:Vapor pressure,max5 11672 1880 srelative density at 60/60Fd or 11672 1880 srelative density at 15.6/15.6CdA specific mixture shall be designated

26、by the vapor pressure at 100F in pounds per square inch gage. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of the mixtureshall be within +0 to 10 psi of the vapor pressure specified.CIn case of dispute about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by Test Method D1267 sh

27、all prevail over the value calculated by Practice D2598or measured by Test Method D6897.DSee X1.2.4 for information about residues in LPG and for information about a gas chromatographic test for residues in LPG.EAn acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL of solvent resid

28、ue mixture is added to a filter paper, in 0.1-mL increments and examined in daylightafter 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.FAlthough not a specific requirement, the density or relative density can be needed for other purposes and should be reported. Additionally, the relative density of PBmix

29、ture is needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).GThis method may not accurately determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains corrosion inhibitorsor other chemicals which diminish the reactio

30、n with the copper strip.HThe total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for stenching purposes.ITest Method D6667 may be used as an alternative means of sulfur measurement for LPG samples within the range that has been validated in Test Method D6667.JThe presence or

31、 absence of water may be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the density or relative density is determined.D1835 123which involve special requirements, they are excluded fromconsideration in the specifications.X1.1.3 In substance, this specification is designed to prop-erly defin

32、e acceptable products for domestic, commercial, andindustrial uses. In many cases it will be found that productsmeeting the specifications will also be usable in applicationsother than the ones for which they were designed. Thefollowing can be accepted as a general guide in the morecommon use applic

33、ations of the four types of fuels:X1.1.3.1 Commercial PropaneThis fuel type is adequatefor domestic, commercial, and industrial use, particularly ingeographical areas and in seasons where low ambient tempera-tures are common, and where uniformity of fuel is an importantconsideration. Commercial prop

34、ane can be suitable for certainlow severity internal combustion engine applications.X1.1.3.2 Commercial PB MixturesThis fuel type, since itcovers a broad range of mixtures, permits the tailoring of fuelsto specific needs. The various mixtures find application asdomestic, commercial, and industrial f

35、uel in areas and at timeswhen low ambient temperature conditions are not encountered.This fuel type is not suitable for vapor withdrawal applicationsin cool or cold climates.X1.1.3.3 Commercial ButaneThis fuel type finds limitedapplication as a domestic fuel in areas of warmer climates. It issimilar

36、ly used in industrial applications where problems of fuelvaporization are not present, such as direct liquid injection.X1.1.3.4 Special-Duty PropaneThis fuel type, equivalentto HD-5 propane, is a product tailored to meet the restrictiveneeds of internal combustion engines operating under moderateto

37、high engine severity (that is, normal automotive applica-tions). Fuel products of this type will be less variable incomposition and combustion characteristics than the otherproducts covered by this specification. Special-Duty Propanecan be used as a substitute for Commercial Propane.X1.2 Significanc

38、e and UseX1.2.1 This specification addresses commercial liquefiedpetroleum gases consisting of either propane or butane ormixtures thereof. Consequently, the important characteristicsof these products can be defined and controlled by a relativelyfew simple measurements. The specification test method

39、sprovided achieve the desired results. The significance of thevarious tests as they can apply to consumer problems issummarized here.X1.2.2 Vapor Pressure, Volatility, and Relative Density:X1.2.2.1 Vapor PressureIndirect measure of the mostextreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vapor

40、-ization can be expected to take place. It can be considered as asemiquantitative measure of the amount of the most volatilematerial present in the product. It can also be used as a meansfor predicting the maximum pressures which can be experi-enced at fuel tank temperatures. Vapor pressure becomes

41、moresignificant when it is related to volatility.X1.2.2.2 Volatility Expressed in terms of the 95 % evapo-rated temperature of the product, is a measure of the amount ofleast volatile fuel component present in the product. Coupledwith a vapor pressure limit, it serves to assure essentiallysingle-com

42、ponent products in the cases of commercial propaneand commercial butane fuel types. When volatility is coupledwith a vapor pressure limit which has been related to density orgravity, as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture type offuels, the combination serves to assure essentially two compo-nent

43、 mixtures for such fuels. When coupled with a propervapor pressure limit, this measurement serves to assure thatspecial-duty propane products will be composed chiefly ofpropane and propylene and that propane will be the majorconstituent.X1.2.2.3 Density or Relative Densityby itself, has littlesignif

44、icance. It becomes of value when related to vaporpressure and volatility. Since density or relative density is ofimportance in meeting transportation and storage requirementsit is always determined for all liquefied petroleum gas prod-ucts.Other Product CharacteristicsX1.2.3 While the vaporization a

45、nd combustion characteris-tics of commercial liquefied gas products are completelydefined for the normal use applications by vapor pressure,volatility, and relative density, as given in X1.2.2, there areother properties which either affect or might affect the resultsobtained in some specific use app

46、lications. For that reason,limits are specified for residue content, copper corrosion, sulfurcontent, moisture content, and free water content to provideassurance of product dependability under the more extremeconditions of use.X1.2.4 ResidueA measure of the concentration of solublehydrocarbon mater

47、ials present in the product which are sub-stantially less volatile than the liquefied petroleum gas productbeing sampled. Control of residue content is of importance inapplications where the fuel is used in liquid or vapor feedsystems (where fuel vapors are withdrawn from the top of theLPG storage c

48、ontainer). In either case, failure to limit thepermissible concentration of residue materials can result introublesome deposits or regulating equipment can becomefouled, or both. In gas processing plants, LP gas generally isproduced relatively free of residues, but the product canbecome contaminated

49、 by heavier hydrocarbons and otherorganic compounds during distribution, especially in multi-product pipelines or while it is in contact with elastomers usedin hoses. The current limit on residue contamination, whilegenerally satisfactory for many conventional uses, may not besuitable for newer applications such as fuel cells and micro-turbines without some form of remediation.X1.2.4.1 Gas chromatographic residue Test Method D7756offers an alternative way to quantitatively analyze an LPGsample for soluble residues. LPG users