ASTM D1835-2016 Standard Specification for Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases《液化石油 (LP) 气的标准规格》.pdf

1、Designation: D1835 13D1835 16Standard Specification forLiquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1835; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in

2、 parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope*1.1 This specification covers those products commonly referred to as liquefied petroleum gases, consisting of propane, propene(propylene), butane,

3、and mixtures of these materials. Four basic types of liquefied petroleum gases are provided to cover thecommon use applications.1.2 This specification is applicable to products intended for use as domestic, commercial and industrial heating, and enginefuels.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to b

4、e regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for informationonly.1.3.1 ExceptionNon-SI values are provided for information only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the user of th

5、is standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1265 Practice for Sampling Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases, Manual MethodD1267 Test Method for Gage Vapor Pressure of Liqu

6、efied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)D1657 Test Method for Density or Relative Density of Light Hydrocarbons by Pressure HydrometerD1837 Test Method for Volatility of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD1838 Test Method for Copper Strip Corrosion by Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD2158 Test Method fo

7、r Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) GasesD2163 Test Method for Determination of Hydrocarbons in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases and Propane/Propene Mixtures byGas ChromatographyD2420 Test Method for Hydrogen Sulfide in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (Lead Acetate Method)D2598 Practice for Calculat

8、ion of Certain Physical Properties of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases from Compositional AnalysisD2713 Test Method for Dryness of Propane (Valve Freeze Method)D2784 Standard Test Method for Sulfur in Liquefied Petroleum Gases (Oxy-Hydrogen Burner or Lamp) (Withdrawn 2016)3D3700 Practice for Obtaining

9、 LPG Samples Using a Floating Piston CylinderD5504 Test Method for Determination of Sulfur Compounds in Natural Gas and Gaseous Fuels by Gas Chromatography andChemiluminescenceD5623 Test Method for Sulfur Compounds in Light Petroleum Liquids by Gas Chromatography and Sulfur Selective DetectionD6667

10、Test Method for Determination of Total Volatile Sulfur in Gaseous Hydrocarbons and Liquefied Petroleum Gases byUltraviolet FluorescenceD6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)D7756 Test Method for Residues in Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases by Gas Chr

11、omatography with Liquid, On-Column InjectionD7828 Test Method for Determination of Residue Composition in Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Using Automated Thermal1 This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the

12、direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.H0 on Liquefied Petroleum Gas.Current edition approved May 1, 2013Oct. 1, 2016. Published May 2013October 2016. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20122013 asD183512. DOI: 10.1520/D1835-13. 13. DOI: 10.1520/D1835-16.2 For reference

13、dASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standardsvolume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3 The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www

14、.astm.org.This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Becauseit may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult

15、 prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current versionof the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA

16、 19428-2959. United States1Desorption/Gas Chromatography (ATD/GC)2.2 Gas Processors Association Standard:4GPA Standard 2140 Liquefied Petroleum Gas Specifications and Test Methods3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 commercial butane, na hydrocarbon product for use where low volatility is required.3.

17、1.2 commercial PB mixtures, nmixtures of propane and butane for use where intermediate volatility is required.3.1.3 commercial propane, na hydrocarbon product for use where high volatility is required. Commercial propane is suitablefor certain low severity internal combustion engine applications.3.1

18、.4 special-duty propane, na product composed chiefly of propane which exhibits superior antiknock characteristics andwas specifically developed for use as fuel in spark ignition internal combustion engines.4. Sampling4.1 Proper sampling of liquefied gases is extremely important if the test results a

19、re to be significant. Obtain representativesamples in accordance with Practice D1265 or Practice D3700. In the event of a dispute involving sample integrity when samplingfor testing against D1835 requirements, Practice D3700 shall be used as the referee sampling procedure.5. Detailed Requirements5.1

20、 The four types of liquefied petroleum gases shall conform to the requirements prescribed in Table 1.6. Keywords6.1 butane; HD-5 propane; liquefied petroleum (LP) gases specifications; LPG; propane; special duty propane4 Available from Gas Processors Association, 6526 E. 60th St., Tulsa, OK 74145. D

21、1835 162TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum GasesProduct TypeCommercialPropaneCommercialButaneCommercialPB MixturesSpecial-DutyPropaneAASTM TestMethods (seeSection 2)Vapor pressure at 37.8C (100F), maxVapor pressure at 37.8 C (100 F), maxkPa 1434 483 B 1434 D1267 or D2598or D6897Cp

22、sig 208 70 B 208 D1267 or D2598or D6897CVolatile residue:evaporated temperature, 95 %, maxC 38.3 2.2 2.2 38.3F 37 36 36 37 D1837orButane and heavier, max, vol % 2.5 . . 2.5 D2163Butane and heavier, max, % by volume 2.5 . . 2.5 D2163Pentane and heavier, max, vol % . 2.0 2.0 . D2163Pentane and heavier

23、, max, % by volume . 2.0 2.0 . D2163Propylene content, max, vol % . . . 5.0 D2163Propylene content, max, % by volume . . . 5.0 D2163Residual matter:DOne of the following requirements shall be met:Residue on evaporation of 100 mL, max, mL 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158(1) Residue on evaporation of 100 mL,

24、 max, mL,and0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 D2158FOil stain observation passE passE passE passE D2158For(2) Residue by gas chromatography, max, mg/kg 350 350 350 350 D7756Density at 15C or relative density at 15.6/15.6C (60/60F)F F F . D1657 or D2598Density at 15 C or relative density at 15.6/15.6 C (60/60 F)G

25、G G . D1657 or D2598Corrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838GCorrosion, copper, strip No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 No. 1 D1838HSulfur, mg/kg (ppm mass) 185H 140H 140H 123H D2784 or D6667ISulfur, mg/kg (ppm mass) 185I 140I 140I 123I D2784 or D6667JHydrogen sulfide pass pass pass pass D2420Moisture

26、 content pass . . pass D2713Free water content . noneJ noneJ . .Free water content . noneK noneK . .A Equivalent to Propane HD-5 of GPA Standard 2140.B The permissible vapor pressures of products classified as PB mixtures shall not exceed 1430 kPa (208 psig) 1430 kPa (208 psig) and additionally shal

27、l not exceed thatcalculated from the following relationship between the observed vapor pressure and the observed relative density:Vapor pressure,max5116721880 srelative density at 60/60Fd or 116721880 srelative density at 15.6/15.6CdVapor pressure,max5116721880 srelative density at 60 F/60 Fd or 116

28、721880 srelative density at 15.6 C/15.6 CdAspecific mixture shall be designated by the vapor pressure at 100F100 F in pounds per square inch gage. To comply with the designation, the vapor pressure of themixture shall be within +0+0 psi to 10 psi of the vapor pressure specified.C In case of dispute

29、about the vapor pressure of a product, the value actually determined by Test Method D1267 shall prevail over the value calculated by Practice D2598or measured by Test Method D6897.D See X1.2.4 for information about residues in LPG and for information about gas chromatographic tests for residues in L

30、PG.E An acceptable product shall not yield a persistent oil ring when 0.3 mL 0.3 mL of solvent residue mixture is added to a filter paper, in 0.1-mL0.1 mL increments andexamined in daylight after 2 min 2 min as described in Test Method D2158.F In case of dispute, Test Method D2158 shall be the refer

31、ee test method.G Although not a specific requirement, the density or relative density can be needed for other purposes and should be reported. Additionally, the relative density of PBmixture is needed to establish the permissible maximum vapor pressure (see Footnote B).H This method may not accurate

32、ly determine the presence of reactive materials (for example, H2S, So) in liquefied petroleum gas if the product contains corrosion inhibitorsor other chemicals which diminish the reaction with the copper strip.I The total sulfur limits in these specifications do include sulfur compounds used for st

33、enching purposes.J In case of dispute, Test Method D6667 may be used as an alternative means of sulfur measurement for LPG samples within the range that has been validated in TestMethod shall be the referee test method.D6667.D1835 163APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1. SIGNIFICANCE OF ASTM SPECIFI

34、CATIONS FOR LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM (LP) GASESX1.1 GeneralX1.1.1 Liquefied petroleum gas products are composed of those readily liquefiable hydrocarbon compounds that are produced inthe course of processing natural gas and also in the course of the conventional refining of crude oil. The composition of

35、liquefiedgases can vary widely depending upon the source and the nature of the treatment to which the products have been subjected.X1.1.2 There are many uses for liquefied petroleum gases. Important uses include, (1) as domestic, commercial, and industrialfuels, (2) as a carbon source material in me

36、tal treating operations, ( 3) as refinery raw materials for synthesis of gasolinecomponents, and (4) as petrochemical raw materials. The nature of the needs dictates the required composition characteristics inthese various applications. Since the last three uses of those listed are in the category o

37、f specialty applications, which involvespecial requirements, they are excluded from consideration in the specifications.X1.1.3 In substance, this specification is designed to properly define acceptable products for domestic, commercial, and industrialuses. In many cases it will be found that product

38、s meeting the specifications will also be usable in applications other than the onesfor which they were designed. The following can be accepted as a general guide in the more common use applications of the fourtypes of fuels:X1.1.3.1 Commercial PropaneThis fuel type is adequate for domestic, commerc

39、ial, and industrial use, particularly ingeographical areas and in seasons where low ambient temperatures are common, and where uniformity of fuel is an importantconsideration. Commercial propane can be suitable for certain low severity internal combustion engine applications.X1.1.3.2 Commercial PB M

40、ixturesThis fuel type, since it covers a broad range of mixtures, permits the tailoring of fuels tospecific needs. The various mixtures find application as domestic, commercial, and industrial fuel in areas and at times when lowambient temperature conditions are not encountered. This fuel type is no

41、t suitable for vapor withdrawal applications in cool or coldclimates.X1.1.3.3 Commercial ButaneThis fuel type finds limited application as a domestic fuel in areas of warmer climates. It issimilarly used in industrial applications where problems of fuel vaporization are not present, such as direct l

42、iquid injection.X1.1.3.4 Special-Duty PropaneThis fuel type, equivalent to HD-5 propane, is a product tailored to meet the restrictive needsof internal combustion engines operating under moderate to high engine severity (that is, normal automotive applications). Fuelproducts of this type will be les

43、s variable in composition and combustion characteristics than the other products covered by thisspecification. Special-Duty Propane can be used as a substitute for Commercial Propane.X1.2 Significance and UseX1.2.1 This specification addresses commercial liquefied petroleum gases consisting of eithe

44、r propane or butane or mixturesthereof. Consequently, the important characteristics of these products can be defined and controlled by a relatively few simplemeasurements. The specification test methods provided achieve the desired results. The significance of the various tests as theycan apply to c

45、onsumer problems is summarized here.X1.2.2 Vapor Pressure, Volatility, and Relative Density:X1.2.2.1 Vapor PressureIndirect measure of the most extreme low-temperature conditions under which initial vaporization canbe expected to take place. It can be considered as a semiquantitative measure of the

46、amount of the most volatile material presentK The presence or absence of water may be determined by visual inspection of the samples on which the density or relative density is determined.D1835 164in the product. It can also be used as a means for predicting the maximum pressures which can be experi

47、enced at fuel tanktemperatures. Vapor pressure becomes more significant when it is related to volatility.X1.2.2.2 Volatility Expressed in terms of the 95 % evaporated temperature of the product, is a measure of the amount of leastvolatile fuel component present in the product. Coupled with a vapor p

48、ressure limit, it serves to assure essentiallysingle-component products in the cases of commercial propane and commercial butane fuel types. When volatility is coupled witha vapor pressure limit which has been related to density or gravity, as in the case of the commercial PB-mixture type of fuels,

49、thecombination serves to assure essentially two component mixtures for such fuels. When coupled with a proper vapor pressure limit,this measurement serves to assure that special-duty propane products will be composed chiefly of propane and propylene and thatpropane will be the major constituent.X1.2.2.3 Density or Relative Densityby itself, has little significance. It becomes of value when related to vapor pressure andvolatility. Since density or relative density is of importance in meeting transportation and storage