1、Designation: D 1876 01Standard Test Method forPeel Resistance of Adhesives (T-Peel Test)1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1876; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A numbe
2、r in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.INTRODUCTIONThe accuracy of the results of strength tests of adhesive
3、bonds will depend on the conditions underwhich the bonding process is carried out. Unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and thepurchaser, the bonding conditions shall be prescribed by the manufacturer of the adhesive. In order toensure that complete information is available to the indivi
4、dual conducting the tests, the manufacturerof the adhesive shall furnish numerical values and other specific information for each of the followingvariables:(1) Procedure for preparation of the surfaces prior to application of the adhesive, the cleaning anddrying of metal surfaces, and special surfac
5、e treatments such as sanding, which are not specificallylimited by the pertinent test method.(2) Complete mixing directions for the adhesive.(3) Conditions for application of the adhesive, including the rate of spread or thickness of film,number of coats to be applied, whether to be applied to one o
6、r both surfaces, and the conditions ofdrying where more than one coat is required.(4) Assembly conditions before application of pressure, including the room temperature, length oftime, and whether open or closed assembly is to be used.(5) Curing conditions, including the amount of pressure to be app
7、lied, the length of time underpressure, and the temperature of the assembly when under pressure. It should be stated whether thistemperature is that of the glue line, or of the atmosphere at which the assembly is to be maintained.(6) Conditioning procedure before testing, unless a standard procedure
8、 is specified, including thelength of time, temperature, and relative humidity.A range may be prescribed for any variable by the manufacturer of the adhesive, if it can be assumedby the test operator that any arbitrarily chosen value within such a range or any combination of suchvalues for several v
9、ariables will be acceptable to both the manufacturer and the purchaser of theadhesive.1. Scope1.1 This test method is primarily intended for determiningthe relative peel resistance of adhesive bonds between flexibleadherends by means of a T-type specimen.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be r
10、egarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are provided forinformation purposes only.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health
11、 practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:B 209 Specification for Aluminum and Aluminum-AlloySheet and Plate2D 907 Terminology of Adhesives3E 4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines43. Terminology3.1 De
12、finitionsMany terms in this test method are definedin Terminology D 907.3.1.1 peel strength, nthe average load per unit width ofbondline required to separate progressively a flexible memberfrom a rigid member or another flexible member.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D1
13、4 onAdhesives and is the direct responsibility of D14.80 on Metal Bonding Adhesives.Current edition approved Oct. 10, 2001. Published December 2001. Originallypublished as D 1876 61 T. Last previous edition D 1876 001.2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.02.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.0
14、6.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.1Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.3.1.1.1 DiscussionFlexible has different meanings in dif-ferent peel tests, such as “T”, 180-degree, floating-roller, orclimbing-drum. The angle between the members var
15、ies withthe type of peel test.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 flexible, adjindicates that the adherends shall havesuch dimensions and physical properties as to permit bendingthem through any angle up to 90 without breaking or cracking.3.2.2 T-peel strength, nthe average load
16、 per unit width ofbond line required to produce progressive separation of twobonded, flexible adherends, under conditions designated in thistest method.4. Apparatus4.1 Tension Testing Machine, capable of applying a tensileload having the following prescribed conditions:4.1.1 The machine and loading
17、range selected that themaximum load on the specimen falls between 15 and 85 % ofthe upper limit of the loading range.4.1.2 The rate of movement between heads essentiallyconstant under fluctuating loads.NOTE 1It is difficult to meet this requirement when loads aremeasured with a spring-type or pendul
18、um-type weighing device.4.1.3 The machine equipped with suitable grips capable ofclamping the specimens firmly and without slippage through-out the tests.4.1.4 The machine shall be autographic, giving a chart thatcan be read in terms of inches of separation as one coordinateand applied load as the o
19、ther coordinate.4.1.5 The applied tension as measured and recorded accu-rate to 61 % of any reading when calibrated in compliancewith Practices E 4 requirements.4.2 Conditioning Room or DesiccatorsThe conditioningroom or desiccators (Note 2) shall be capable of maintaining arelative humidity of 50 6
20、 2 % at 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8F).NOTE 2A saturated solution of calcium nitrate will give approxi-mately 51 % relative humidity at the testing temperature.5. Test Specimen5.1 Laminated test panels (see Fig. 1) consist of two flexibleadherends properly prepared and bonded together in accor-dance with the
21、 adhesive manufacturers recommendations.Specially prepared test panels 152 mm (6 in.) wide by 305 mm(12 in.) long, but bonded only over approximately 241 mm (9in.) of their length. Test panels of these same dimensions mayalso be cut from larger, fully laminated panels.NOTE 3Direct comparisons of dif
22、ferent adhesives can be made onlywhen specimen construction and test conditions are identical.NOTE 4Clad aluminum alloy 0.81 mm (0.032 in.) thick conforming toSpecification B 209, Alloy 2024-T3, has been found satisfactory as anadherend for structural adhesives. Canvas, coated fabrics, plastics film
23、s,and metal foils have also proven to be satisfactory adherends for use withspecific adhesives.NOTE 5It is not essential that the two adherends be alike, either inmaterial or thickness. They shall, however, be capable of being bentthrough any angle up to 90 without breaking.5.2 Cut the bonded panels
24、 into 25mm (1in.) wide testspecimens (see Fig. 1) by a means that is not deleterious to thebond. The 76mm (3in.) long unbonded ends bent apart,perpendicular to the glue line, for clamping in the grips of thetesting machine.5.3 Test at least ten specimens for each adhesive.NOTE 6Within the limitation
25、s imposed by Note 3, other specimenwidths may be used, provided the test machine grips are of ample widthto apply the load uniformly across the width of the adherends.NOTE 7For obtaining a gripping area on specimens that are com-pletely bonded, one end of the bonded specimen may be chilled in dry ic
26、euntil the adhesive becomes brittle, and then the adherends may becarefully pried apart. The technique will not work for all adhesives andadherends.6. Conditioning6.1 Condition specimens for 7 days at a relative humidity of50 6 2 % at 23 6 1C (73.4 6 1.8F), except where theadhesive manufacturer may
27、specify such an aging period to beunnecessary or a shorter period to be adequate.NOTE 8Conditioning is not required for laminated assemblies con-taining only metal adherends, unless specified as a part of the bondingprocedure by the manufacturer of the adhesive.7. Procedure7.1 Clamp the bent, unbond
28、ed ends of the test specimen inFIG. 1 Test Panel and Test SpecimenD 18762the test grips of the tension testing machine. Apply the load ata constant head speed of 254 mm (10 in.)/min.NOTE 9This speed will cause separation of the bond at a rate of 127mm (5 in.)/min.7.2 During the peel test make an aut
29、ographic recording ofload versus head movement or load versus distance peeled.7.3 Determine the peel resistance over at least a 127-mm(5-in.) length of the bond line after the initial peak.8. Calculation8.1 Determine from the autographic curve for the first 127mm (5 in.) of peeling after the initial
30、 peak the average peelingload in pounds per inch of the specimen width required toseparate the adherends. It is preferred that the average to bedetermined from the curve with the use of a planimeter.NOTE 10In case a planimeter is not used, the average may becalculated as the average of load readings
31、 taken at fixed increments ofcrosshead motion. For example, the load may be recorded at each 25-mm(1-in.) interval of head motion (or each 12.7-mm (0.5-in.) interval of bondseparation) following the initial peak, until at least ten readings have beenobtained.9. Report9.1 Report the following informa
32、tion:9.1.1 Complete identification of the adhesive tested, includ-ing type, source, manufacturers code number, batch or lotnumber, form, etc.,9.1.2 Complete identification of adherends used, includingmaterial, thickness, surface preparation, and orientation,9.1.3 Description of bonding process, incl
33、uding method ofapplication of adhesive, glue-line thickness, drying or precur-ing conditions (where applicable), curing time, temperature,and pressure,9.1.4 Average thickness of adhesive layer after formation ofthe joint, within 0.025 mm (0.001 in.). The method ofobtaining the thickness of the adhes
34、ive layer shall be describedincluding procedure, location of measurement, and range ofmeasurements.9.1.5 Complete description of the test specimens, includingdimensions and construction of the test specimens, conditionsused for cutting individual test specimens, number of testpanels represented, and
35、 number of individual test specimens,9.1.6 Conditioning procedure prior to testing,9.1.7 Type of test machine and crosshead separation rateused,9.1.8 Method of recording load and determining averageload,9.1.9 Average, maximum, and minimum peeling load valuesfor each individual specimen,9.1.10 Averag
36、e T-peel strength in pounds per inch of widthfor each combination of materials and constructions under test,and9.1.11 Type of failure, that is, cohesive failure within theadhesive or adherend or adhesion to the adherend, or combi-nation thereof, for each individual specimen (see TerminologyD 907).10
37、. Precision and Bias10.1 Precision and bias for this test method is being devel-oped and will be available by September 2004.11. Keywords11.1 adhesive bonding; flexible adherends; T-peel strengthThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent ri
38、ghts asserted in connectionwith any item mentioned in this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any suchpatent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at an
39、y time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive ca
40、reful consideration at a meeting of the responsibletechnical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make yourviews known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM, 100 Barr
41、Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website (www.astm.org).D 18763
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