ASTM D2001-2007(2012) Standard Test Method for Depentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas《汽油和石脑油脱戊烷的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D2001 07 (Reapproved 2012)Standard Test Method forDepentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the removal of pentanes andlighter hydrocarbons from gasolines, naphthas, and similarpetroleum distill

3、ates to prepare samples suitable for the deter-mination of hydrocarbon types in accordance with Test MethodD2789. In addition, this test method determines the volumepercent of bottoms remaining after depentanization.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in

4、 parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory lim

5、itations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low OlefinicGasoline by Mass Spectrometry3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50-mL sample is distilled into an overhead (C5andlighter) fractio

6、n and a bottoms (C6and heavier) fraction. Thevolume of bottoms is measured and the volume percent, basedon the charge, is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The presence of pentane and lighter hydrocarbons ingasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distillates interferesin Test Method D2789. Pe

7、ntane and lighter hydrocarbons areseparated by this test method so that the depentanized residuecan be analyzed and so the pentane and lighter hydrocarbonscan be analyzed by other methods, if desired.4.2 Under the conditions specified in the test method someC5and lighter hydrocarbons remain in the b

8、ottoms, and someC6and heavier hydrocarbons carry over to the overhead.Expressed as volume percent of charge, the amounts aretypically 2 % or less, which is considered adequate for thepurpose designated under Scope. It should be recognized,however, that when expressed as volume percent of overheador

9、of bottoms the percentages can be higher, making this testmethod unsuitable for any purposes not designated underScope.5. Apparatus5.1 Depentanization Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, consist-ing of the following parts:5.1.1 Distillation Column,5.1.2 Reflux Condenser Head,5.1.3 Light-Ends Trap,5.1.4 R

10、eceiver, graduated, 12.5 mL, and5.1.5 Thermometer,3,410 to 79C (50 to 175F).5.2 Column PackingTwo types are required:5.2.1 Heli-Pak Column Packing,4,51.27 by 2.54 by 2.54mm (Size B, 0.050 by 0.100 by 0.100 in.).5.2.2 Heli-Pak Column Packing,4,5Size C, 4.4 by 4.4 m(0.090 by 0.175 by 0.175 in.), or Ca

11、nnon Protruded MetalPacking,4,64.0 by 4.0 mm (0.16 by 0.16 in.).5.3 Distillation Flask, round-bottom, 100 mL, with2440standard-taper female joint.5.4 Distillation Flask Heating Mantle, Glas-Col, spherical,for 100-mL flask.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum

12、Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeD02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.Current edition approved June 1, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally approvedin 1962. Last previous edition approved in D200107. DOI: 10.1520/D2001-07R12.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit

13、 the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Thermometer No.

14、ME510-1 available from Metro Scientific Inc., 11 Willow ParkCenter, East Farmingdale, NY 11735.4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical co

15、mmittee,1which you may attend.5The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Reliance Glass Works Inc., Gateway Rd., PO Box 825, Bensenville, IL 60106.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Cannon protruded metal packing a

16、vailable from Scientific Development Co., Box795, State College, PA.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States15.5 Variable Transformer, for regulating power to heatingmantle.5.6 Water Cooling BathIf a supply of chilled water for

17、 thereflux condenser is not available, a satisfactory means forsupplying chilled water can be provided by circulating tapwater through coiled copper tubing immersed in an ice-waterbath.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Fill the fractionating column with packing as follows:Place about 25 mm (1 in.) of t

18、he Heli-Pak column packing, sizeC or the Cannon packing on the indentations at the bottom ofthe column. This packing assures ample free space to preventflooding at the bottom of the column. Fill the column to within25 mm (1 in.) of the top of the jacket with Heli-Pak columnpacking, size B. (The perf

19、ormance of this packing is notsensitive to the exact manner of pouring into the column.)6.2 Assemble and connect the column, head, light-ends trap,and the receiver. Mount the assembly on a suitable support.6.3 Insert the thermometer through the side-arm at the top ofthe column.NOTE 1The calibration

20、of the thermometer at the cut temperatureshould be checked by refluxing a pure compound. Such a calibration canshow a need for a correction.6.4 Immerse the receiver in a Dewar flask containing amixture of solid carbon dioxide (WarningExtremely cold.)in a suitable liquid. 1,1,2 Trichloro Ethene is re

21、commended.(WarningHealth hazard.)6.5 Circulate water, chilled to a temperature between 4 and10C (40 and 50F), through the reflux condenser.7. Procedure7.1 Lubricate the joint at the bottom of the column with ahydrocarbon-insoluble grease, such as silicone, starch-glycerol, or metallic soap. Place th

22、e heating mantle around theflask. With a 50-mL graduated cylinder, measure 50 mL of thesample. Determine its temperature, and transfer it to the flask.Connect the flask immediately to the column.7.2 Connect the mantle, through the variable transformer, tothe power supply.7.3 Apply heat to the conten

23、ts of the flask at a uniform rate.NOTE 2With the apparatus prepared as described in Section 6,asetting of 30 on the transformer usually provides a satisfactory initialheating rate; voltage is increased as required.7.4 As soon as drops of liquid reflux form at the columnhead, adjust the position of t

24、he condenser so that one drip-tipfeeds to the take-off line, and the other back to the (WarningExtremely flammable liquid.) column. The reflux condenserFIG. 1 Depentanization ApparatusD2001 07 (2012)2remains in this position throughout the distillation to provideabout a 1 + 1 reflux ratio.NOTE 3Low-

25、boiling light ends will condense on the light-ends trapand collect in the receiver before drops of liquid reflux form at the columnhead.7.5 The distillation rate should not exceed 30 to 40 drops/30s from each tip of the reflux condenser.7.6 Continue the distillation until the thermometer indicatesa

26、temperature of 49C (120F). When this temperature isreached, shut off the heat and drop the lower portion of theheating mantle. Turn the reflux condenser so that drops fromboth drippers are returned to the column. Direct a stream of airon the top surface of the flask. Perform the above steps in rapid

27、succession.7.7 Allow the column to drain and the contents of the flaskto cool for 30 min.7.8 Remove the flask from the column, and carefullytransfer the contents to the same graduated cylinder which wasused to measure the charge. Measure the volume of the bottomsfraction and determine its temperatur

28、e.8. Calculation8.1 If the temperatures of the distillation charge and bottomsdiffer by more than 11C (20F), correct the measured volumesto volumes at 15C (60F) by Guide D1250.8.2 Calculate the volume of bottoms in percent as follows:Volume of bottoms, percent 5 A/B! 3100 (1)where:A = volume of bott

29、oms, mL andB = volume of the charge, mL.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 % confidence) (Note 4):9.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two test re-sults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant o

30、perating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed 2 volume % only in one case in twenty.9.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in differen

31、t laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed 4 volume % only in one case in twenty.9.2 BiasThe quantities determined are defined by theconditions used in this empirical test method, and a statementof bias is therefore

32、not appropriate.NOTE 4Precision data are based on results obtained by five laborato-ries testing four samples in duplicate. The samples contained C5-and-lighter fractions covering a range of 5 to 25 volume %.10. Keywords10.1 depentanization; fractionations; hydrocarbon types;pentanesASTM Internation

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35、addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,

36、 at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).D2001 07 (2012)3