ASTM D2001-2007(2017) Standard Test Method for Depentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas《汽油和石脑油脱戊烷的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D2001 07 (Reapproved 2017)Standard Test Method forDepentanization of Gasoline and Naphthas1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2001; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last rev

2、ision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the removal of pentanes andlighter hydrocarbons from gasolines, naphthas, and similarpetroleum distill

3、ates to prepare samples suitable for the deter-mination of hydrocarbon types in accordance with Test MethodD2789. In addition, this test method determines the volumepercent of bottoms remaining after depentanization.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. The values given in

4、 parentheses are for informationonly.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability o

5、f regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards, Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World T

6、rade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1250 Guide for Use of the Petroleum Measurement TablesD2789 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Low OlefinicGasoline by Mass Spectrometry3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50 mL sample is distilled

7、into an overhead (C5andlighter) fraction and a bottoms (C6and heavier) fraction. Thevolume of bottoms is measured and the volume percent, basedon the charge, is calculated.4. Significance and Use4.1 The presence of pentane and lighter hydrocarbons ingasolines, naphthas, and similar petroleum distill

8、ates interferesin Test Method D2789. Pentane and lighter hydrocarbons areseparated by this test method so that the depentanized residuecan be analyzed and so the pentane and lighter hydrocarbonscan be analyzed by other methods, if desired.4.2 Under the conditions specified in the test method someC5a

9、nd lighter hydrocarbons remain in the bottoms, and someC6and heavier hydrocarbons carry over to the overhead.Expressed as volume percent of charge, the amounts aretypically 2 % or less, which is considered adequate for thepurpose designated under Scope. It should be recognized,however, that when exp

10、ressed as volume percent of overheador of bottoms the percentages can be higher, making this testmethod unsuitable for any purposes not designated underScope.5. Apparatus5.1 Depentanization Apparatus, as shown in Fig. 1, consist-ing of the following parts:5.1.1 Distillation Column,5.1.2 Reflux Conde

11、nser Head,5.1.3 Light-Ends Trap,5.1.4 Receiver, graduated, 12.5 mL, and5.1.5 Thermometer,3,410 C to 79 C (50 F to 175 F).5.2 Column PackingTwo types are required:5.2.1 Heli-Pak Column Packing,4,51.27 mm by 2.54 mmby 2.54 mm (Size B, 0.050 in. by 0.100 in. by 0.100 in.).5.2.2 Heli-Pak Column Packing,

12、4,5Size C, 4.4 m by 4.4 m(0.090 in. by 0.175 in. by 0.175 in.), or Cannon ProtrudedMetal Packing,4,64.0 mm by 4.0 mm (0.16 in. by 0.16 in.).1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommi

13、ttee D02.04.0C on Liquid Chromatography.Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2017. Published December 2017. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D2001 07 (2012).DOI: 10.1520/D2001-07R17.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM

14、Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Thermometer No. ME510-1 available from Metro Scientific Inc., 11

15、 Willow ParkCenter, East Farmingdale, NY 11735.4If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information toASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consider-ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,1which you may attend.5The sole source o

16、f supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Reliance Glass Works Inc., Gateway Rd., PO Box 825, Bensenville, IL 60106.6The sole source of supply of the apparatus known to the committee at this timeis Cannon protruded metal packing available from Scientific Development Co., Box795

17、, State College, PA.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the

18、Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.15.3 Distillation Flask, round-bottom, 100 mL, with2440 standard-taper female joint.5.4 Distillation Flask Heating Mantle, Glas-Col, spherical,for 100

19、 mL flask.5.5 Variable Transformer, for regulating power to heatingmantle.5.6 Water Cooling BathIf a supply of chilled water for thereflux condenser is not available, a satisfactory means forsupplying chilled water can be provided by circulating tapwater through coiled copper tubing immersed in an i

20、ce-waterbath.6. Preparation of Apparatus6.1 Fill the fractionating column with packing as follows:Place about 25 mm (1 in.) of the Heli-Pak column packing, sizeC or the Cannon packing on the indentations at the bottom ofthe column. This packing assures ample free space to preventflooding at the bott

21、om of the column. Fill the column to within25 mm (1 in.) of the top of the jacket with Heli-Pak columnpacking, size B. (The performance of this packing is notsensitive to the exact manner of pouring into the column.)6.2 Assemble and connect the column, head, light-ends trap,and the receiver. Mount t

22、he assembly on a suitable support.6.3 Insert the thermometer through the side-arm at the top ofthe column.NOTE 1The calibration of the thermometer at the cut temperatureshould be checked by refluxing a pure compound. Such a calibration canshow a need for a correction.6.4 Immerse the receiver in a De

23、war flask containing amixture of solid carbon dioxide (WarningExtremely cold.)in a suitable liquid. 1,1,2 Trichloro Ethene is recommended.(WarningHealth hazard.)6.5 Circulate water, chilled to a temperature between 4 Cand 10 C (40 F and 50 F), through the reflux condenser.7. Procedure7.1 Lubricate t

24、he joint at the bottom of the column with ahydrocarbon-insoluble grease, such as silicone, starch-glycerol, or metallic soap. Place the heating mantle around theflask. With a 50 mL graduated cylinder, measure 50 mL of thesample. Determine its temperature, and transfer it to the flask.Connect the fla

25、sk immediately to the column.7.2 Connect the mantle, through the variable transformer, tothe power supply.7.3 Apply heat to the contents of the flask at a uniform rate.NOTE 2With the apparatus prepared as described in Section 6,asetting of 30 on the transformer usually provides a satisfactory initia

26、lheating rate; voltage is increased as required.7.4 As soon as drops of liquid reflux form at the columnhead, adjust the position of the condenser so that one drip-tipFIG. 1 Depentanization ApparatusD2001 07 (2017)2feeds to the take-off line, and the other back to the (WarningExtremely flammable liq

27、uid.) column. The reflux condenserremains in this position throughout the distillation to provideabout a 1 + 1 reflux ratio.NOTE 3Low-boiling light ends will condense on the light-ends trapand collect in the receiver before drops of liquid reflux form at the columnhead.7.5 The distillation rate shou

28、ld not exceed 30 drops 30 s to40 drops 30 s from each tip of the reflux condenser.7.6 Continue the distillation until the thermometer indicatesa temperature of 49 C (120 F). When this temperature isreached, shut off the heat and drop the lower portion of theheating mantle. Turn the reflux condenser

29、so that drops fromboth drippers are returned to the column. Direct a stream of airon the top surface of the flask. Perform the above steps in rapidsuccession.7.7 Allow the column to drain and the contents of the flaskto cool for 30 min.7.8 Remove the flask from the column, and carefullytransfer the

30、contents to the same graduated cylinder which wasused to measure the charge. Measure the volume of the bottomsfraction and determine its temperature.8. Calculation8.1 If the temperatures of the distillation charge and bottomsdiffer by more than 11 C (20 F), correct the measuredvolumes to volumes at

31、15 C (60 F) by Guide D1250.8.2 Calculate the volume of bottoms in percent as follows:Volume of bottoms, percent 5 A/B! 3100 (1)where:A = volume of bottoms, mL andB = volume of the charge, mL.9. Precision and Bias9.1 The following criteria should be used for judging theacceptability of results (95 %

32、confidence) (Note 4):9.1.1 RepeatabilityThe difference between two testresults, obtained by the same operator with the same apparatusunder constant operating conditions on identical test material,would in the long run, in the normal and correct operation ofthe test method, exceed 2 % by volume only

33、in one case intwenty.9.1.2 ReproducibilityThe difference between two singleand independent results obtained by different operators work-ing in different laboratories on identical test material would, inthe long run, in the normal and correct operation of the testmethod, exceed 4 % by volume only in

34、one case in twenty.9.2 BiasThe quantities determined are defined by theconditions used in this empirical test method, and a statementof bias is therefore not appropriate.NOTE 4Precision data are based on results obtained by five laborato-ries testing four samples in duplicate. The samples contained

35、C5-and-lighter fractions covering a range of 5 % by volume to 25 % by volume.10. Keywords10.1 depentanization; fractionations; hydrocarbon types;pentanesASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard. U

36、sers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed eve

37、ry five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible techn

38、ical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohock

39、en, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center, 222Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, Tel: (978) 646-2600; http:/ 07 (2017)3