1、Designation: D2067 97 (Reapproved 2013)Standard Test Method forCoarse Particles in Printing Ink Dispersions1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2067; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last
2、 revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1. Scope1.1 This test method covers the determination of the weightconcentration of coarse particles in printing ink dispersions bysie
3、ve retention.1.2 This test method is applicable to printing inks, flushedpigments, and other pigment dispersions that contain particleslarger than 45 m. With proper choice of solvent, it isapplicable both to paste and liquid inks.NOTE 1This test method is similar in principle to Test Methods D185.Fo
4、r particles under 25 m, see Test Method D1316.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as thestandard. The values given in parentheses are for informationonly.1.4 This standard does not purport to address the safetyconcerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibilityof the
5、 user of this standard to establish appropriate safety andhealth practices and determine the applicability of regulatorylimitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in PigmentsD235 Specification for Mineral Spirits (Petroleum Spirits)(Hyd
6、rocarbon Dry Cleaning Solvent)D1316 Test Method for Fineness of Grind of Printing InksBy the NPIRI GrindometerE11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and TestSievesE145 Specification for Gravity-Convection and Forced-Ventilation OvensE691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
7、Determine the Precision of a Test Method3. Summary of Test Method3.1 A 50-g specimen of the test dispersion is diluted, ifnecessary, with a reducing varnish, mixed with 200 g ofmineral spirits or other mutually agreeable solvent, mixed in apaint shaker for 30 min, and passed through a tared 325-mesh
8、wire cloth sieve. The sieve is dried in an oven and reweighed.The residue is reported either as a percentage or in parts permillion of the specimen.3.2 The nature of the coarse particles may be identifiedthrough the use of a magnet and visual or microscopicexamination.4. Significance and Use4.1 Coar
9、se particles in printing inks reduce the efficiency ofthe dispersion process, requiring not only extra milling passes,but also frequent changes in pump filters. In printing processes,they may cause excessive wear to metal plates, piling orlocalized retention of ink on blankets and plates, and waterb
10、alance problems. Coarse particles also reduce color strengthand the gloss of printed matter.4.2 This test method is suitable for quality control. Theprecision may be improved by the use of a specimen size largerthan that prescribed.4.3 Test results are sensitive to the type of washout solventused. S
11、trong solvents are to be avoided because they maydissolve large particles of resin in the ink vehicle.5. Apparatus5.1 Wire-Cloth Sieve, preferably disposable, 325 mesh (45m), 60.3 mm in diameter; alternatively, a 75-mm No. 325sieve conforming to Specification E11.NOTE 2Adisposable sieve is preferred
12、 for precision because it weighsonly 0.5 g compared to about 70 g for a conventional sieve.5.2 Washout Cup Assembly (for use with the disposablesieve), assembled according to the manufacturers instructions.5.3 Balance, sensitive to 1.0 mg, preferably 0.1 mg.5.4 Paint Shaker.5.5 Oven, gravity-convect
13、ion type conforming to Type 1Bin Specification E145 and maintained at 110 6 5C.5.6 Mixing Container, such as a widemouth bottle or jar,with screw cap, capacity 473 mL (1 pt), preferably plastic. If a1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paintand Related Coatings, Mater
14、ials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D01.56 on Printing Inks.Current edition approved June 1, 2013. Published July 2013. Originally approvedin 1992. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D2067 97 (2008)1. DOI:10.1520/D2067-97R13.2For referenced ASTM standards, v
15、isit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-
16、2959. United States1glass jar is used, a metal container such as a 1-lb coffee canwith lid and foam packing are recommended for protecting thejar while on the shaker.5.7 Spatula, suitable for mixing 100 g of material.6. Reagents and Materials6.1 Washout Solvent, as mutually agreed upon between thepr
17、oducer and the user. Type I mineral spirits conforming toSpecification D235 has been found useful for oleoresinoussystems. The solvent should be filtered through a 325-meshscreen prior to use.6.2 Reducing Varnish, for high-viscosity or stiff dispersions.The varnish must be compatible with the test d
18、ispersion and ofa consistency such that a 50:50 mix will have sufficient flow todisperse in the washout solvent. An 8001200 poise-reducingvarnish has been found useful for flushed pigments. Thereducing varnish should be washed or filtered, or both prior touse; otherwise, a blank must be run (see 8.1
19、1).6.3 Plastic Sheeting, about 150 mm square and 0.001 mmthick.7. Test Specimen7.1 Approximately 100 g of dispersion is sufficient toconduct two tests. If a larger specimen is preferred, increase theamount of reducing varnish (if used), the washout solvent, andthe size of the mixing container accord
20、ingly.7.2 Make sure the test specimen is representative of the lot.If the dispersion is a liquid ink in a sample container, hand stirvigorously for 2 min before removing the specimen.8. Procedure8.1 Weigh out 50 6 0.1 g of the test dispersion into awidemouth jar or other mixing container. Using a sp
21、atula,spread the specimen into a thin film around the bottom andlower sides of the container.8.2 If the test material is too stiff to spread out or to mixwith the solvent (in 8.3) make a reduction in one of thefollowing manners:8.2.1 Weigh out 50 6 0.1 g of reducing varnish and add insmall increment
22、s to the 50-g specimen in the jar while stirringwith a spatula. Mix thoroughly until no lumps are present.8.2.2 Alternatively, discard the specimen in the jar. Weighout 55 g of the test specimen and transfer to a slab. Weigh outan equal quantity of reducing varnish and mix in smallincrements with th
23、e specimen until no lumps are present.Transfer to the jar 100 g 6 0.1 g (of which 50 g will bespecimen) and spread out as in 8.1.8.3 With the spatula still in the container, slowly add, whilestirring, about 200 mL of the prescribed washout solvent.Scrape the spatula clean into the jar.8.4 Place a pl
24、astic sheet over the mouth of the jar andtighten the lid. If made of glass, set the jar into a metalcontainer lined with foam or other soft material before lockingbetween the jaws of the shaker.8.5 Turn the shaker on and let run for 30 min.8.6 When the shaker stops, remove the jar, unscrew the lidan
25、d carefully remove the plastic sheet. Using a wash bottlecontaining the same solvent as in 8.3, wash down the plasticsheet into the jar containing the dissolved specimen.8.7 Tare a clean dry sieve to 1 mg, preferably 0.1 mg, and,if disposable, set in place on the washout cup assembly. Pourthe conten
26、ts of the jar quickly through the sieve. Invert the jarover the screen and rinse out with solvent from the wash bottleuntil no color remains in the jar. Make sure that no residueremains in the jar and that all solvent from the jar passes overthe screen.8.8 Wash down the sides of the washout cup asse
27、mbly (ifused) and the sides of the screen, collecting the residue close tothe center of the sieve.8.9 Place the sieve in a convection oven at 110C for a fewmin or until the screen and residue are dry. Cool in a desiccatorand weigh. Record the weight of the residue.8.10 Repeat 8.1 or 8.2 to 8.9 with
28、a second specimen.8.11 If a reducing varnish was used (in 8.2) and it was notwashed and sieved, run a blank on two replicate specimens.8.12 Valuable information may be obtained on the nature ofthe coarse particles by visual or microscopic examination ofthe residue. Passing a magnet under the residue
29、 can help toidentify the presence of iron particles. Fibers can be removedwith tweezers and their number counted.9. Calculation9.1 Calculate the weight concentration, C, of coarse par-ticles either in percent or in parts per million of the specimenas follows:C,%5SW 2 wS2B 2 wSD3100 (1)C, ppm 5SW 2 w
30、S2B 2 wSD3106(2)where:W = weight of the test residue and screen, g,w = weight of the screen, g,S = weight of the test specimen, g,B = weight of the screen and the residue in the reducingvarnish (if used), g,w = weight of the screen used for the blank, g, andS = weight of the specimen of reducing var
31、nish, g.10. Report10.1 Report the following information:10.1.1 Sample identification and type of dispersion,10.1.2 Percent or ppm of coarse particles as the mean of twodeterminations,10.1.3 The specimen size,10.1.4 The nature of the washout solvent and the reducingvarnish (if used), and10.1.5 Qualit
32、ative information, if obtained, about the natureof the coarse particles.D2067 97 (2013)211. Precision and Bias311.1 PrecisionAn interlaboratory study of this test methodwas conducted in which two operators in each of fourlaboratories tested in duplicate on each of two days threepigment flushes rangi
33、ng in concentration of coarse particlesfrom about 40 to 90 ppm. The same lot of washout solvent(Type I mineral spirits) and reducing varnish were distributedto all participants. The test data were analyzed in accordancewith Practice E691. One laboratory was considered an outlierand was deleted from
34、the analysis. The within-laboratorypooled standard deviation was 18.6 ppm, and the between-laboratories pooled standard deviation was 23.4 ppm. Based onthese standard deviations, the following criteria should be usedto judge the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidencelevel:11.1.1 Repeatabili
35、tyTwo results, each of mean of two runsobtained by one operator, should be considered suspect if theydiffer by more than 82 % relative.11.1.2 ReproducibilityTwo results, each the mean of tworuns obtained by other operators in the same or differentlaboratories, should be considered suspect if they di
36、ffer bymore than 128 % relative.11.2 BiasBias cannot be determined as there are nostandard materials.12. Keywords12.1 coarse particles; dispersions; pigment dispersions;printing inks; wire-cloth sieveASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connec
37、tion with any item mentionedin this standard. Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the riskof infringement of such rights, are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsib
38、le technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful con
39、sideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International, 100
40、Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints (single or multiple copies) of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585 (phone), 610-832-9555 (fax), or serviceastm.org (e-mail); or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org). Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the ASTM website (www.astm.org/COPYRIGHT/).3Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and maybe obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D01-1077.D2067 97 (2013)3
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