ASTM D2068-2014 Standard Test Method for Determining Filter Blocking Tendency《测定过滤器阻塞倾向的标准试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D2068 14Standard Test Method forDetermining Filter Blocking Tendency1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2068; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in par

2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.INTRODUCTIONThis test method describes three procedures using different filter media. The result of any test isdependent on the filter mandated in the procedure

3、. If a specification requires a specific D2068procedure, do not substitute a different procedure or filter without agreement from the specifier.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers three procedures for the deter-mination of the filter blocking tendency (FBT) and filterabilityof middle distillate fue

4、l oils and liquid fuels such as biodieseland biodiesel blends. The 3 procedures and associated filtertypes, are applicable to fuels within the viscosity range of 1.3to 6.0 mm2/s at 40C.NOTE 1ASTM specification fuels falling within the scope of this testmethod are: Specifications D396 Grades No 1 and

5、 2; Specification D975Grades 1-D, low sulfur 1-D and 2-D; Specification D2880 Grades 1-GTand 2-GT; Specification D6751.1.2 This test method is not applicable to fuels that containfree (undissolved) water (see 7.3).1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard. No other units of mea

6、surement are included in thisstandard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory li

7、mitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D396 Specification for Fuel OilsD975 Specification for Diesel Fuel OilsD2880 Specification for Gas Turbine Fuel OilsD4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4176 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate

8、Contami-nation in Distillate Fuels (Visual Inspection Procedures)D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum andPetroleum ProductsD4860 Test Method for Free Water and Particulate Contami-nation in Middle Distillate Fuels (Clear and Bright Nu-merical Rating)D6300 Practice for Determination of

9、Precision and BiasData for Use in Test Methods for Petroleum Products andLubricantsD6426 Test Method for Determining Filterability of MiddleDistillate Fuel OilsD6708 Practice for Statistical Assessment and Improvementof Expected Agreement Between Two Test Methods thatPurport to Measure the Same Prop

10、erty of a MaterialD6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)for Middle Distillate Fuels2.2 ISO Standard:3ISO 5636-5 Paper and BoardDetermination of Air Per-meance and Air Resistance (Medium Range) Part 5Gurley Method2.3 ASTM Adjuncts:D2PP, Determination of Precision and Bias Data for

11、Use inTest Methods for Petroleum Products4CompTM, Standard Practice for Statistical Assessment andImprovement of the Expected Agreement between TwoTest Methods that Purport to Measure the Same Propertyof a Material43. Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This test method is

12、 under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee D02.14 on Stability and Cleanliness of Liquid Fuels.Current edition approved June 1, 2014. Published July 2014. Originally approvedin 1997. Last previous e

13、dition approved in 2013 as D2068 13. DOI: 10.1520/D2068-14.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3A

14、vailable from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.4This adjunct has been withdrawn and is no longer available.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Driv

15、e, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States13.1.1 filter blocking tendency (FBT), nof certain fuels,acalculated dimensionless value that defines the tendency ofparticulates in a fuel to plug or block a filter.3.1.1.1 DiscussionThe value is calculated using the pres-sure across th

16、e filter or the volume of fuel filtered at the end ofthe test. Depending on the outcome of the test, one of twoequations is applied. See Section 10, Calculation. See 5.6 forinterpretation of results.3.1.2 filterability, nof certain fuels, the relationship be-tween the volume of sample filtered and t

17、he measured pressureincrease across the filter.3.1.2.1 DiscussionThe filterability of the fuel can beassessed by recording the pressure when a specific volume offuel has flowed through the filter, or recording the volumewhen a specific pressure across the filter has been achieved.This assessment may

18、 be assisted by plotting a volume versuspressure graph. See Appendix X1.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 A test portion of the fuel to be analysed is passed at aconstant rate of flow (20 mL/min) through a specified filtermedium. The pressure difference across the filter, and thevolume of fuel passing th

19、e filter, are monitored until thepressure reaches 105 kPa or the volume of fuel passing thefilter medium reaches 300 mL. The pressure (see 3.1.1.1) andflow are then used to calculate the filter blocking tendency,where a low number indicates a good fuel (see 5.6).4.2 The glass fiber filters specified

20、 for Procedures A and Bare both 1.6 m nominal pore diameter; Filter B is a pre-assembled encapsulated type.4.3 The pre-assembled nylon filter specified for Procedure Chasa5mnominal pore diameter.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method is intended for use in evaluating thecleanliness of middle di

21、stillate fuels, and biodiesel and bio-diesel blends for specifications and quality control purposes.5.2 The filter media specified in the three procedures are allsuitable for the materials in the Scope. Specifications calling upthis test method should state the procedure required.5.3 A change in fil

22、tration performance after storage orpretreatment can be indicative of changes of fuel condition.5.4 The filterability of fuels varies depending on filterporosity and structure and therefore results from this testmethod might not correlate with full scale filtration.5.5 Causes of poor filterability i

23、n industrial/refinery filtersinclude fuel degradation products, contaminants (includingwater) picked up during storage or transfer, effects due totemperature or composition for bio fuels, incompatibility ofcommingled fuels, or interaction of the fuel with the filtermedia.Any of these could correlate

24、 with orifice or filter systemplugging, or both.5.6 The results of the FBT test can range from 1 with a fuelwith very good filterability, to over 100 for a fuel with poorfilterability. The selection of a single FBT number to define apass or fail criteria is not possible as this will be dependent ont

25、he fuel type and applications.6. Apparatus6.1 GeneralThe apparatus, as described in Annex A1 andshown in Fig. A1.1, is available as a manufactured unit or canbe constructed from individual components.6.2 Filter Media and Assemblies:NOTE 2Effective filtration areas were determined by measuring thedia

26、meter of the sediment in the centre of the filter media.6.2.1 Filter A, for Procedure A.6.2.1.1 Filter Housing,5stainless steel, nominal 13 mm di-ameter with a Luer fitting at the top where it connects with thefiltration apparatus. Fig. 1 shows the assembly.6.2.1.2 Filter Media,6glass fiber, 1.6 m n

27、ominal porediameter, nominal 13 mm diameter and with an effectivefiltration area of 63.6 to 78.6 mm2. Filter media shall be batchselected to have a Gurley time (ISO 5636-5) of between 12.5and 13.4 s for 300 mL.6.2.2 Filter B,7for Procedure B.6.2.2.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringet

28、ype” with Luer and taper fittings, and factory fitted filtermedia. The filter, as shown in Fig. 2, is used with an adaptor(6.9) to allow the test portion to input through the taper fittingand exit from the Luer fitting. The filter medium is supportedby a coarse glass fiber support pad as shown in Fi

29、g. 2.6.2.2.2 Filter Media, glass fiber grade GF/A, 1.6 m nomi-nal pore diameter and effective filtration area of 95.0 to113.1 mm2. The filters shall be batch selected (one or morefilters from a batch are tested) and quality controlled (using aprocedure and a fluid with a known pressure/flowcharacter

30、istic, for example, ISO 5636-5) for equivalence withthe assembled Filter A.6.2.3 Filter C,7for Procedure C.6.2.3.1 Filter Housing, disposable polypropylene “syringetype” filter housing, as shown in Fig. 3, which has Luer andtaper fittings, and factory fitted filter media. The test portioninputs via

31、the Luer fitting. The filter medium is held aboveconcentric/segmented ribbed channels and the exit port isrecessed and segmented to eliminate localized filter blocking.6.2.3.2 Filter Media, nylon, 5 m nominal pore diameterand effective filtration area of 143.2 to 165.2 mm2. The filtersshall be batch

32、 selected (one or more filters from a batch aretested) and quality controlled (using a procedure and a fluidwith a known pressure/flow characteristic, for example, ISO5636-5).5The sole source of supply of the Filter A housing, known to the committee atthis time is Millipore Cat No XX3001200, availab

33、le from Millipore CorporationHeadquarters, 290 Concord Road, Billerica, MA 01821. If you are aware ofalternative suppliers, please supply this information to ASTM International Head-quarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration by a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,1which y

34、ou may attend.6Whatman Grade GF/A, has been found satisfactory for this purpose.7The following equipment, as listed in RRSR: IP 387/07 (see Footnote 10), wasused to develop the precision statements; Seta MFT Multi Filtration Tester partnumber 91600, Filter capsule “B” part number 91616-001 and Filte

35、r capsule “C”part number 91620. Stanhope-Seta, Chertsey, Surrey, KT16 8AP, UK. This is not anendorsement or certification by ASTM.D2068 1426.3 Measuring Cylinder, 25 mL, glass or other suitabletransparent material, with graduations every 0.5 mL, forverifying the flow rate.6.4 Measuring Cylinder, 500

36、 mL, glass or other suitabletransparent material, with graduations every 5 mL, for verify-ing the flow rate, and for measuring the volume of fuel in thefuel receiver if required.6.5 Stopwatch, capable of measuring to the nearest 0.2 s,required for verifying the flow rate and preparing the sample.6.6

37、 Thermometer, electronic or liquid in glass type ther-mometers with a range of at least 15 to 25C and an accuracyof 6 0.5C or better are suitable.6.7 Forceps, spade ended, for use with Filter A.6.8 Open-ended Spanner Wrenches, plastic or metal, for usewith Filter A.6.9 Adaptor, only for use with Pro

38、cedure B, to convert theLuer fitting on the apparatus to a fitting compatible with thetapered fitting on Filter B.6.10 Anti-splash Tubing, nylon or silicone rubber, approxi-mately 4 mm inner diameter for Filters A and C, and 6 mminner diameter for Filter B, to reduce splashing of the samplein the fu

39、el receiver beaker.7. Sampling7.1 Unless otherwise specified, samples shall be obtained inaccordance with Practices D4057, D4177 or other comparablesampling practices.7.1.1 Containers shall have been previously flushed threetimes with the product to be sampled.FIG. 1 Assembly of Filter AFIG. 2 Filte

40、r BFIG. 3 Filter CD2068 1437.2 Obtain at least 400 mL of a representative aliquot of thesample to be tested in an epoxy-lined can or dark glass bottle.7.3 If any undissolved water is visually apparent (as deter-mined by Test Methods D4176 or D4860), discard and replacewith a fresh sample.8. Preparat

41、ion of Apparatus8.1 Verification:8.1.1 Pressure and TemperatureFollow the manufactur-ers instructions for verifying that the pressure and temperaturereadings are in accordance with the tolerances given in A1.1.3and 6.6 respectively. Verify the pressure reading, at ambientatmospheric pressure (0 kPa)

42、 and at approximately 100 kPa, atleast every 6 months or if the apparatus has not been used forthe previous 3 months. Verify the temperature reading iscorrect, at ambient temperature, at least every 12 months. If thereadings do not meet the specified tolerances in A1.1.3 and 6.6,calibrate the sensor

43、s (8.2.1).8.1.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructionsfor verifying that the flow rate is 20 6 1 mL/min through afilter assembly. The flow rate is verified by measuring thevolume pumped during a 15 minute period, at least once amonth, using a suitable measuring cylinder (6.4). If themeasured

44、 volume is between 285 and 315 mL the flow rate iscorrect. More frequent checks on the flow rate may be made bymeasuring the volume during a 1 minute period using a 25 mLmeasuring cylinder (6.3). If the measured volume is notbetween 19 and 21 mL, calibrate the pump (8.2.2).8.2 Calibration:8.2.1 Pres

45、sure and TemperatureFollow the manufactur-ers instructions to calibrate the pressure at atmospheric pres-sure (0 kPa) and approximately 100 kPa, and temperaturemeasuring device at ambient temperature.8.2.2 Flow RateFollow the manufacturers instructions toset and lock the mechanical flow adjustment c

46、ontrol on thepump to give a flow rate of 20 6 1 mL/min.8.2.2.1 A filter assembly shall be fitted when the flow rate iscalibrated.8.3 Apparatus AssemblyAssemble the apparatus as shownin Fig. A1.1, without the filter unit connected.8.4 Filter AssemblyAssemble the filter appropriate to thetest procedur

47、e specified.8.4.1 Filter A (for Procedure A)Assemble the filter asshown in Fig. 1 using a new filter medium handled with theforceps (6.7) taking care not to damage the filter medium. Placethe medium into the holder with the face marked with a gridpattern uppermost. The open ended spanner wrenches (6

48、.8)may be used to assist in assembling or disassembling thehousing. Attach a suitable length (typically 80 to 90 mm) ofanti-splash tubing (6.10) to the outlet of the filter assembly.NOTE 3It is most important that the filter unit components areassembled in the exact configuration shown in Fig. 1.NOT

49、E 4Over- or under-tightening of the Filter A assembly can lead toerroneous results.8.4.2 Filter B (for Procedure B)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.4.2.1 Attach the adaptor (6.9) to the Luer fitting on theoutlet of the apparatus.8.4.3 Filter C ( for Procedure C)Attach a suitable length(typically 80 to 90 mm) of anti-splash tubing (6.10)totheoutlet of the filter assembly.8.5 Rinse the fuel reservoir beaker with some of the productto be tested, and discard.8.6 Remove the a