ASTM D2122-1998(2004) Standard Test Method for Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings《测定热塑塑料管和配件尺寸的试验方法》.pdf

1、Designation: D 2122 98 (Reapproved 2004)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe andFittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or

2、, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1

3、.1 This test method covers the determination of diameter,wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diam-eter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measure-ment of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe whe

4、reout-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundnessmeasurement and measurement of the average outside diameterof non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straight-ness.1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimen-sioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.1.3 The valu

5、es given in parentheses are provided for infor-mation purposes only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the a

6、pplica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D 618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Ins

7、ulating MaterialsF 412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF 1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads (60) for Ther-moplastic Pipe and Fittings2.2 ANSI Standard:3B 2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F

8、 412, unless otherwise specified.3.1.2 deviation from straightnessthe maximum deviationfrom a straight line exhibited by a pipe specimen divided by thelength of the specimen.3.1.3 nonroundable pipepipe made from a material hav-ing a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi(103 MPa) o

9、r greater, as determined by Test Method D 638 orD 790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thick-ness ratio of less than 20.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe above definitions apply to thermo-plastic pipe and are based on the ability or inability of a pipeto round out when forced into a tapered soc

10、ket.3.1.4 roundable pipe(1) pipe made from material havinga tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi(103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D 638 or D 790; and(2) pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexuralmodulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi (103 MPa) or greater, as

11、determined by Test Method D 638 or D 790, and in addition,having an outside diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 orgreater.3.1.5 socket bottomthe point at which the pipe stopradius intersects wall.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Alternate MethodsAlternate methods and proceduresfor obtaining dimensions (

12、such as apparatus and proceduresusing laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) arenot prohibited.4.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate thealternate method. The alternate method is validated when boththe product is measured according to the Apparatus andProcedure section

13、s presented in this test method, and whenfound to be in compliance with product specifications.NOTE 1Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step inensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generallyinvolves statistical analysis of data generated using the alternate metho

14、d.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2004. Published September 2004. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1998 as

15、D 2122 98e1.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Insti

16、tute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidencelimits and verifying that these limits are within the prod

17、uct specificationtolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consultthe Manual on Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis.44.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be basedon the measuring apparatus and procedures in this test method.While alternate methods a

18、re not prohibited, the measuringapparatus and procedure in this test method shall be the refereemethod.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test method provides for determining the physicaldimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test methodis suitable for determination of dimensional complian

19、ce withproduct specifications.6. General6.1 Specimen PreparationPipe specimens shall be cleanlycut and burrs removed. Some materials, such as polyolefinplastics, may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due tointernal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall betaken to make measurement

20、s at a location which is not soaffected.6.2 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D 618, for those tests where conditioning is required.6.3 Test ConditionsConduct t

21、ests in the Standard Labora-tory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test meth-ods or in this test method.7. Wall ThicknessPipe and Fittings7.1 ApparatusA cylindrical or ball anvil tubing microme-ter accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02

22、 mm) shall be used forwall thickness measurements.NOTE 2Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressurewhen using ball anvil micrometers, which may compress the specimenand give falsely low readings. Care should be taken to avoid misalignmentof the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the sp

23、ecimen when usingcylindrical anvil micrometers, which may bridge specimen surface cur-vature or indentations and give falsely high readings.7.2 ProcedureMake a series of measurements at closelyspaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximumwall thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimu

24、m ofeight measurements.7.3 Calculation:7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking theaverage of all values measured.7.3.2 Calculate the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, asfollows:E 5A 2 BA100 (1)where:A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, andB = minimum wall thickness at a

25、ny cross section.7.4 ReportReport the following information:7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,7.4.2 Calculated average wall thickness, and7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe8.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the

26、 fol-lowing apparatus shall be used:8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gage, for checking conformance to anaverage inside diameter tolerance, having uniform taper of1:100 and accurate to within 61 % of its taper and to within60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipesize and tolerance specification,

27、 a mandrel shall be scribed atthe diameters representing the minimum and maximum allow-able inside pipe diameters. To aid rounding, a 45 by18-in.(3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of thegage.NOTE 3Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cutend of pipe, tapered p

28、lug or sleeve gage measurements may givemisleading results.8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actualaverage inside diameter) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm)graduations.8.2 Procedure:8.2.1 Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insertthe plug gage into the pipe, causing it

29、to round out but not toexpand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between thescribed diameters.8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between the purchaser andthe seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1shall be defined as that point where an internal light source isjust occluded.8

30、.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required,measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter tothe end of the pipe.8.3 CalculationsCalculate the average inside diameter asfollows:d 5 dm2 kl (2)where:d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),dm= maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),k

31、 = taper of plug gage, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (ormm) of length, andl = distance from maximum scribed diameter to end ofpipe, in. (or mm).8.4 ReportReport the following information:8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, reportwhether the average inside diameter is less than the mi

32、nimum,greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits asindicated by the position of the scribed diameters with respectto the end of the pipe.8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, theresult of the calculation in 8.3, as well as the values used in the4Committee E11 on Qual

33、ity and Statistics, Manual on Presentation of Data andControl Chart Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA,1990, p. 38.D 2122 98 (2004)2calculation, shall be reported. The average inside diameter mayalso be calculated as described in 10.5.9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-Roundn

34、essMeasurement of Roundable Pipe9.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the fol-lowing apparatus shall be used:9.1.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Calipers, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm).9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gage, for checking conformance to anaverage outside diameter tolerance of roundabl

35、e pipe, accuratewithin 61 % of its taper and 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of itsdiameter. For a given pipe size and tolerance specification, theentrance diameter shall be the maximum allowable averageoutside pipe diameter, while the inside diameter at the oppositeend shall correspond to the minimum allowab

36、le averageoutside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a 45 by18-in. (3-mm)face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the gage.9.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gage, made to thetolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used. The window shallextend beyond the two scribed marks, which shall represent t

37、heminimum and maximum permitted diameters. See the Discus-sion under 3.1.5.NOTE 4This gage may also be marked to enable actual averageoutside diameters to be read directly.9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of theaverage outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipediame

38、ter with 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wraptape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greaterprecision is required.9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness GageA rigid plate, about14 in. (6mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate

39、to60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-ance to the out-of-round requirement.9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier CaliperTake aseries of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals toensure that the minimum and maximum diameters have beendetermined. Make a min

40、imum of six measurements.9.2.2 Sleeve GagesCut the end of the pipe square andremove burrs. Insert the pipe into the sleeve gage and observethe position of the end with respect to the ends of the taperedsleeve gage or the position of the end with respect to theminimum and maximum scribed marks of the

41、 sleeve windowgage.9.2.3 Circumferential Wrap TapeTo determine the actualvalue of the average outside diameter, place the circumferentialwrap tape around the pipe, making sure that it is at right anglesto the pipe axis and is flat against the pipe surface. Observe thediameter reading, estimating to

42、the nearest 0.005 in. (0.1 mm),or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) as required.9.2.4 Out-of-Roundness GageTo determine conformanceto pipe out-of-roundness with the gage, the pipe shall beinserted through the gage without forcing rounding of the pipe.9.3 ReportReport the following information:9.3.1 When determini

43、ng conformance to tolerances with thetapered sleeve gage, report whether the average outside diam-eter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum, orwithin the allowable limits as indicated by the position of thepipe end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage.9.3.2 When determin

44、ing conformance to tolerances with thesleeve window gage, report whether the average outsidediameter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum,or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum andmaximum scribed marks.9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter asobserve

45、d in 9.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.9.3.4 When determining conformance to outside diametertolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report theminimum diameter, the maximum diameter, and, if required,the average diameter calculated by taking the average of alldiameters measured.NO

46、TE 5The actual average outside diameter determined using acircumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diametermeasurements.9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundnesstolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, reportwhether the measurements were made with or wit

47、hout arounding device, and the difference between the minimum andmaximum diameters as the out-of-roundness.9.3.6 If required, report the percent ovality, which is calcu-lated by dividing the out-of-roundness by the average diameter,as determined in 9.2.3 or 9.3.4, and multiplying by 100.9.3.7 When d

48、etermining conformance to tolerances with theout-of-roundness gage, report whether the pipe exceeds out-of-roundness tolerance or is within the allowable limits asindicated by the gage.10. Out-of-Roundness and Average Outside and InsideDiameter of Non-Roundable Pipe and Fittings10.1 Apparatus:10.1.1

49、 A flat-anvil micrometer or vernier caliper accurate towithin 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness GageA rigid plate, about14 in.(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-ance to the out-of-round requirement.10.1.3 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of theaverage outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipediameter with 0.01 in. (0.2 mm) graduations, or a vernier wraptape, with 0.001