1、Designation: D2122 98 (Reapproved 2010)An American National StandardStandard Test Method forDetermining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe andFittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,
2、in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1. Scope1.1
3、This test method covers the determination of diameter,wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diam-eter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measure-ment of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe whereo
4、ut-of-roundness is not of primary concern, out-of-roundnessmeasurement and measurement of the average outside diameterof non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straight-ness.1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimen-sioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.1.3 The values
5、stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its
6、 use. It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for
7、Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating MaterialsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60 for Ther-moplastic Pipe and Fittings2.2 ANSI Standard:3B
8、2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)3. Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, unless otherwise specified.3.1.2 deviation from straightnessthe maximum deviationfrom a straight line exhibited by a pipe specimen divided by thelength of the specimen.3.
9、1.3 nonroundable pipepipe made from a material hav-ing a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi(103 MPa) or greater, as determined by Test Method D638 orD790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thick-ness ratio of less than 20.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe above definitions a
10、pply to thermo-plastic pipe and are based on the ability or inability of a pipeto round out when forced into a tapered socket.3.1.4 roundable pipe(1) pipe made from material havinga tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi(103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D638 or D790; an
11、d(2) pipe made from a material having a tensile or flexuralmodulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi (103 MPa) or greater, asdetermined by Test Method D638 or D790, and in addition,having an outside diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 orgreater.3.1.5 socket bottomthe point at which the pipe stopradius in
12、tersects wall.4. Summary of Test Method4.1 Alternate MethodsAlternate methods and proceduresfor obtaining dimensions (such as apparatus and proceduresusing laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) arenot prohibited.4.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate thealternate meth
13、od. The alternate method is validated when boththe product is measured according to the Apparatus and1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2010
14、. Published March 2010. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D2122 98(2004).DOI: 10.1520/D2122-98R10.2For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume info
15、rmation, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.1Copyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959,
16、 United States.Procedure sections presented in this test method, and whenfound to be in compliance with product specifications.NOTE 1Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step inensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generallyinvolves statistical analysis of data gen
17、erated using the alternate method.At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidencelimits and verifying that these limits are within the product specificationtolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consultthe Manual on Presentation of Data and Control C
18、hart Analysis.44.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be basedon the measuring apparatus and procedures in this test method.While alternate methods are not prohibited, the measuringapparatus and procedure in this test method shall be the refereemethod.5. Significance and Use5.1 This test
19、 method provides for determining the physicaldimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test methodis suitable for determination of dimensional compliance withproduct specifications.6. General6.1 Specimen PreparationPipe specimens shall be cleanlycut and burrs removed. Some materials, such
20、as polyolefinplastics, may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due tointernal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall betaken to make measurements at a location which is not soaffected.6.2 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5 % relative humidity
21、 for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D618, for those tests where conditioning is required.6.3 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the Standard Labora-tory Atmosphere of 73.4 6 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 5%relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the test me
22、th-ods or in this test method.7. Wall ThicknessPipe and Fittings7.1 ApparatusA cylindrical or ball anvil tubing microme-ter accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) shall be used forwall thickness measurements.NOTE 2Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressurewhen using ball anvil microm
23、eters, which may compress the specimenand give falsely low readings. Care should be taken to avoid misalignmentof the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the specimen when usingcylindrical anvil micrometers, which may bridge specimen surface cur-vature or indentations and give falsely high readings.
24、7.2 ProcedureMake a series of measurements at closelyspaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximumwall thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimum ofeight measurements.7.3 Calculation:7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking theaverage of all values measured.7.3.2 Calculat
25、e the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, asfollows:E 5A 2 BA100 (1)where:A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, andB = minimum wall thickness at any cross section.7.4 ReportReport the following information:7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,7.4.2 Calculated average wal
26、l thickness, and7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe8.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the fol-lowing apparatus shall be used:8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gage, for checking conformance to anaverage inside diameter tolerance, having uniform
27、 taper of1:100 and accurate to within 61 % of its taper and to within60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipesize and tolerance specification, a mandrel shall be scribed atthe diameters representing the minimum and maximum allow-able inside pipe diameters. To aid rounding, a 45 by1
28、8-in.(3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of thegage.NOTE 3Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cutend of pipe, tapered plug or sleeve gage measurements may givemisleading results.8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actualaverage inside diameter
29、) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm)graduations.8.2 Procedure:8.2.1 Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insertthe plug gage into the pipe, causing it to round out but not toexpand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between thescribed diameters.8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between
30、 the purchaser andthe seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1shall be defined as that point where an internal light source isjust occluded.8.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required,measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter tothe end of the pipe.8.3 Calc
31、ulationsCalculate the average inside diameter asfollows:d 5 dm2 kl (2)where:d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),dm= maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),k = taper of plug gage, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (ormm) of length, andl = distance from maximum scribed diameter to end ofpipe, in. (o
32、r mm).8.4 ReportReport the following information:8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, reportwhether the average inside diameter is less than the minimum,greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits as4Committee E11 on Quality and Statistics, MNL7A Manual on Presentation ofDa
33、ta and Control Chart Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM International, West Consho-hocken, PA, 1990 , p. 38.D2122 98 (2010)2indicated by the position of the scribed diameters with respectto the end of the pipe.8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, theresult of the calculation in 8.3, as we
34、ll as the values used in thecalculation, shall be reported. The average inside diameter mayalso be calculated as described in 10.5.9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-RoundnessMeasurement of Roundable Pipe9.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the fol-lowing apparatus shall be used:9.1.1 Flat-Anvil
35、Micrometer or Vernier Calipers, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm).9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gage, for checking conformance to anaverage outside diameter tolerance of roundable pipe, accuratewithin 61 % of its taper and 60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of itsdiameter. For a given pipe size and tolerance specification
36、, theentrance diameter shall be the maximum allowable averageoutside pipe diameter, while the inside diameter at the oppositeend shall correspond to the minimum allowable averageoutside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a 45 by18-in. (3-mm)face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of the gage.9
37、.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gage, made to thetolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used. The window shallextend beyond the two scribed marks, which shall represent theminimum and maximum permitted diameters. See the Discus-sion under 3.1.5.NOTE 4This gage may also be marked to enable actual avera
38、geoutside diameters to be read directly.9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of theaverage outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipediameter with 0.01-in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wraptape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greaterprecision is require
39、d.9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness GageArigid plate, about14 in. (6mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-ance to the out-of-round requirement.9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Microme
40、ter or Vernier CaliperTake aseries of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals toensure that the minimum and maximum diameters have beendetermined. Make a minimum of six measurements.9.2.2 Sleeve GagesCut the end of the pipe square andremove burrs. Insert the pipe into the sleeve gage and o
41、bservethe position of the end with respect to the ends of the taperedsleeve gage or the position of the end with respect to theminimum and maximum scribed marks of the sleeve windowgage.9.2.3 Circumferential Wrap TapeTo determine the actualvalue of the average outside diameter, place the circumferen
42、tialwrap tape around the pipe, making sure that it is at right anglesto the pipe axis and is flat against the pipe surface. Observe thediameter reading, estimating to the nearest 0.005 in. (0.1 mm),or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) as required.9.2.4 Out-of-Roundness GageTo determine conformanceto pipe out-of-r
43、oundness with the gage, the pipe shall beinserted through the gage without forcing rounding of the pipe.9.3 ReportReport the following information:9.3.1 When determining conformance to tolerances with thetapered sleeve gage, report whether the average outside diam-eter is less than the minimum, grea
44、ter than the maximum, orwithin the allowable limits as indicated by the position of thepipe end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gage.9.3.2 When determining conformance to tolerances with thesleeve window gage, report whether the average outsidediameter is less than the minimum, greate
45、r than the maximum,or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum andmaximum scribed marks.9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter asobserved in 9.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.9.3.4 When determining conformance to outside diametertolerances with a flat anvil micr
46、ometer or caliper, report theminimum diameter, the maximum diameter, and, if required,the average diameter calculated by taking the average of alldiameters measured.NOTE 5The actual average outside diameter determined using acircumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diametermeas
47、urements.9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundnesstolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, reportwhether the measurements were made with or without arounding device, and the difference between the minimum andmaximum diameters as the out-of-roundness.9.3.6 If required, report
48、the percent ovality, which is calcu-lated by dividing the out-of-roundness by the average diameter,as determined in 9.2.3 or 9.3.4, and multiplying by 100.9.3.7 When determining conformance to tolerances with theout-of-roundness gage, report whether the pipe exceeds out-of-roundness tolerance or is
49、within the allowable limits asindicated by the gage.10. Out-of-Roundness and Average Outside and InsideDiameter of Non-Roundable Pipe and Fittings10.1 Apparatus:10.1.1 A flat-anvil micrometer or vernier caliper accurate towithin 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness GageA rigid plate, about14 in.(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm), may be used to determine conform-ance to the out-of-round requirement.10.1.3 Circumferential Wrap Tape,
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