1、Designation: D2122 16Standard Test Method forDetermining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe andFittings1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2122; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revis
2、ion. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. Asuperscript epsilon () indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.1. Scope*1.1 This test method covers the determination
3、 of diameter,wall thickness, and length dimensions of thermoplastic pipe.Included are procedures for measurement of the inside diam-eter of pipe intended to be joined by internal fittings, measure-ment of the average outside diameter for roundable pipe whereout-of-roundness is not of primary concern
4、, out-of-roundnessmeasurement and measurement of the average outside diameterof non-roundable pipe, and for determining length and straight-ness.1.2 This test method also includes procedures for dimen-sioning molded thermoplastic pipe fittings.1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be rega
5、rdedas standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not considered standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is theresponsibility of the user
6、 of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2. Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for TestingD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD790 Test M
7、ethods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsF412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping SystemsF1498 Specification for Taper Pipe Threads 60 for Thermo-plastic Pipe and Fittings2.2 ANSI Standard:3B 2.1 Pipe Threads (Except Dryseal)3. Term
8、inology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 GeneralDefinitions are in accordance with Termi-nology F412, unless otherwise specified.3.1.2 deviation from straightnessthe maximum deviationfrom a straight line exhibited by a pipe specimen divided by thelength of the specimen.3.1.3 nonroundable pipepipe made from a ma
9、terial hav-ing a tensile or flexural modulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi(103 MPa) or greater, as determined by Test Method D638 orD790, and in addition, having an outside diameter/wall thick-ness ratio of less than 20.3.1.3.1 DiscussionThe above definitions apply to thermo-plastic pipe and are base
10、d on the ability or inability of a pipeto round out when forced into a tapered socket.3.1.4 roundable pipe(1) pipe made from material having atensile or flexural modulus of elasticity less than 150 000 psi(103 MPa) as determined by Test Method D638 or D790; and(2) pipe made from a material having a
11、tensile or flexuralmodulus of elasticity of 150 000 psi (103 MPa) or greater, asdetermined by Test Method D638 or D790, and in addition,having an outside diameter/wall thickness ratio of 20 orgreater.3.1.5 socket bottomthe point at which the pipe stopradius intersects wall.4. Summary of Test Method4
12、.1 Alternate MethodsAlternate methods and proceduresfor obtaining dimensions (such as apparatus and proceduresusing laser, electronic, nuclear, ultrasonic, or other means) arenot prohibited.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on PlasticPiping Systems and is the direct r
13、esponsibility of Subcommittee F17.40 on TestMethods.Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originallyapproved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2122 15. DOI:10.1520/D2122-162For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, orcontact ASTM
14、 Customer Service at serviceastm.org. For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information, refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http:/www.ansi.org.*A Summary of Chan
15、ges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States14.1.1 The user of an alternate method shall validate thealternate method. The alternate method is validated when boththe product is measure
16、d according to the Apparatus andProcedure sections presented in this test method, and whenfound to be in compliance with product specifications.NOTE 1Validation of the alternate method is a necessary step inensuring compliance with product specifications. Validation generallyinvolves statistical ana
17、lysis of data generated using the alternate method.At a minimum, the analysis should include calculating 99 % confidencelimits and verifying that these limits are within the product specificationtolerances. For guidance on this type of analysis, the user should consultthe Manual on Presentation of D
18、ata and Control Chart Analysis.44.1.2 Compliance with product specifications shall be basedon the measuring apparatus and procedures in this test method.While alternate methods are not prohibited, the measuringapparatus and procedure in this test method shall be the refereemethod.5. Significance and
19、 Use5.1 This test method provides for determining the physicaldimensions of thermoplastic pipe and fittings. This test methodis suitable for determination of dimensional compliance withproduct specifications.6. General6.1 Specimen PreparationPipe specimens shall be cleanlycut and burrs removed. Some
20、 materials, such as polyolefinplastics, may undergo dimensional change near cut ends due tointernal stresses. When this condition is noted, care shall betaken to make measurements at a location which is not soaffected.6.2 ConditioningCondition the test specimens at 73.4 63.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 %
21、 relative humidity for not lessthan 40 h prior to test in accordance with Procedure A ofPractice D618, for those tests where conditioning is requiredunless otherwise specified by the relevant ASTM materialspecification.6.3 Test ConditionsConduct tests in the Standard Labora-tory Atmosphere of 73.4 6
22、 3.6F (23 6 2C) and 50 6 10 %relative humidity, unless otherwise specified in the testmethods, in this test method or specified by the relevantASTMmaterial specification.7. Wall ThicknessPipe and Fittings7.1 ApparatusA cylindrical or ball anvil tubing microm-eter accurate to within 60.001 in. (60.02
23、 mm) shall be usedfor wall thickness measurements.NOTE 2Care should be taken to avoid excessive closure pressurewhen using ball anvil micrometers, which may compress the specimenand give falsely low readings. Care should be taken to avoid misalignmentof the anvil with the longitudinal axis of the sp
24、ecimen when usingcylindrical anvil micrometers, which may bridge specimen surface cur-vature or indentations and give falsely high readings.7.2 ProcedureMake a series of measurements at closelyspaced intervals to ensure that the minimum and maximumwall thicknesses have been determined. Make a minimu
25、m ofeight measurements.7.3 Calculation:7.3.1 Calculate the average wall thickness by taking theaverage of all values measured.7.3.2 Calculate the wall thickness range, E, as a percent, asfollows:E 5A 2 BA100 (1)where:A = maximum wall thickness at any cross section, andB = minimum wall thickness at a
26、ny cross section.7.4 ReportReport the following information:7.4.1 Observed minimum and maximum wall thicknesses,7.4.2 Calculated average wall thickness, and7.4.3 Calculated wall thickness range in percent.8. Inside Diameter Measurement of Roundable Pipe8.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the
27、 follow-ing apparatus shall be used:8.1.1 Tapered Plug Gauge, for checking conformance to anaverage inside diameter tolerance, having uniform taper of1:100 and accurate to within 61 % of its taper and to within60.001 in. (60.02 mm) of its diameter. For each given pipesize and tolerance specification
28、, a mandrel shall be scribed atthe diameters representing the minimum and maximum allow-able inside pipe diameters. To aid rounding, a 45 by18-in.(3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on the entrance end of thegauge.NOTE 3Where internal stresses cause change in dimension at the cutend of pipe, tapered
29、 plug or sleeve gauge measurements may givemisleading results.8.1.2 Metal Rule (if it is desired to determine the actualaverage inside diameter) with at least 0.01-in. (0.2-mm)graduations.8.2 Procedure:8.2.1 Cut the end of the pipe square and remove burrs. Insertthe plug gauge into the pipe, causing
30、 it to round out but not toexpand. Observe whether the end of the pipe falls between thescribed diameters.8.2.2 In cases of disagreement between the purchaser andthe seller, the proper insertion distance as indicated in 8.1.1shall be defined as that point where an internal light source isjust occlud
31、ed.8.2.3 If the actual average inside diameter is required,measure the distance from the maximum scribed diameter tothe end of the pipe.8.3 CalculationsCalculate the average inside diameter asfollows:d 5 dm2 kl (2)where:d = average inside diameter, in. (or mm),4Committee E11 on Quality and Statistic
32、s, MNL7A Manual on Presentation ofData and Control Chart Analysis, Chapter 2, ASTM International, WestConshohocken, PA, 1990 , p. 38.D2122 162dm= maximum scribed diameter, in. (or mm),k = taper of plug gauge, in. (or mm) of diameter per in. (ormm) of length, andl = distance from maximum scribed diam
33、eter to end ofpipe, in. (or mm).8.4 ReportReport the following information:8.4.1 When determining conformance to tolerances, reportwhether the average inside diameter is less than the minimum,greater than the maximum, or within the allowable limits asindicated by the position of the scribed diameter
34、s with respectto the end of the pipe.8.4.2 If the actual average inside diameter is required, theresult of the calculation in 8.3, as well as the values used in thecalculation, shall be reported. The average inside diameter mayalso be calculated as described in 10.5.9. Outside Diameter and Out-of-Ro
35、undnessMeasurement of Roundable Pipe9.1 ApparatusDepending on the requirements, the follow-ing apparatus shall be used:9.1.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier Calipers, accurate to60.001 in. (60.02 mm).9.1.2 Tapered Sleeve Gauge, for checking conformance toan average outside diameter tolerance of rou
36、ndable pipe,accurate within 61 % of its taper and 60.001 in. (60.02 mm)of its diameter. For a given pipe size and tolerancespecification, the entrance diameter shall be the maximumallowable average outside pipe diameter, while the insidediameter at the opposite end shall correspond to the minimumall
37、owable average outside pipe diameter. To aid rounding, a45 by18-in. (3-mm) face bevel shall be provided on theentrance end of the gauge.9.1.3 Alternatively, a sleeve window gauge, made to thetolerances given in 9.1.2 may be used. The window shallextend beyond the two scribed marks, which shall repre
38、sent theminimum and maximum permitted diameters. See Note 3.NOTE 4This gauge may also be marked to enable actual averageoutside diameters to be read directly.9.1.4 Circumferential Wrap Tape, if the actual value of theaverage outside diameter is desired, calibrated in terms of pipediameter with 0.01-
39、in. (0.2-mm) graduations, or a vernier wraptape, with 0.001-in. (0.02-mm) graduations when greaterprecision is required.9.1.5 Out-of-Roundness GaugeA rigid plate, about14 in.(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate to60.001 in.
40、(60.02 mm), may be used to determine confor-mance to the out-of-round requirement.9.2 Procedure:9.2.1 Flat-Anvil Micrometer or Vernier CaliperTake aseries of diameter measurements at closely spaced intervals toensure that the minimum and maximum diameters have beendetermined. Make a minimum of six m
41、easurements.9.2.2 Sleeve GaugesCut the end of the pipe square andremove burrs. Insert the pipe into the sleeve gauge and observethe position of the end with respect to the ends of the taperedsleeve gauge or the position of the end with respect to theminimum and maximum scribed marks of the sleeve wi
42、ndowgauge.9.2.3 Circumferential Wrap TapeTo determine the actualvalue of the average outside diameter, place the circumferentialwrap tape around the pipe, making sure that it is at right anglesto the pipe axis and is flat against the pipe surface. Observe thediameter reading, estimating to the neare
43、st 0.005 in. (0.1 mm),or 0.001 in. (0.02 mm) as required.9.2.4 Out-of-Roundness GaugeTo determine conformanceto pipe out-of-roundness with the gauge, the pipe shall beinserted through the gauge without forcing rounding of thepipe.9.3 ReportReport the following information:9.3.1 When determining conf
44、ormance to tolerances with thetapered sleeve gauge, report whether the average outsidediameter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum,or within the allowable limits as indicated by the position of thepipe end with respect to the ends of the tapered sleeve gauge.9.3.2 When determining con
45、formance to tolerances with thesleeve window gauge, report whether the average outsidediameter is less than the minimum, greater than the maximum,or within the allowable limits with respect to the minimum andmaximum scribed marks.9.3.3 If required, report the average outside diameter asobserved in 9
46、.2.3 with the circumferential wrap tape.9.3.4 When determining conformance to outside diametertolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, report theminimum diameter, the maximum diameter, and, if required,the average diameter calculated by taking the average of alldiameters measured.NOTE 5Th
47、e actual average outside diameter determined using acircumferential wrap tape is preferred to averaging micrometer diametermeasurements.9.3.5 When determining conformance to out-of-roundnesstolerances with a flat anvil micrometer or caliper, reportwhether the measurements were made with or without a
48、rounding device, and the difference between the minimum andmaximum diameters as the out-of-roundness.9.3.6 If required, report the percent ovality, which is calcu-lated by dividing the out-of-roundness by the average diameter,as determined in 9.2.3 or 9.3.4, and multiplying by 100.9.3.7 When determi
49、ning conformance to tolerances with theout-of-roundness gauge, report whether the pipe exceeds out-of-roundness tolerance or is within the allowable limits asindicated by the gauge.10. Out-of-Roundness and Average Outside and InsideDiameter of Non-Roundable Pipe and Fittings10.1 Apparatus:10.1.1 A flat-anvil micrometer or vernier caliper accurate towithin 60.001 in. (60.02 mm).10.1.2 Out-of-Roundness GaugeA rigid plate, about14 in.(6 mm) thick, bored with a circular hole to the maximumpermitted diameter allowed for out-of-roundness, accurate
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